Deck 7: Hypersensitivities, Infection, and Immune Deficiencies

Question 1

A 25-year-old female is suffering from hay fever. Which of the following would be an expected symptom?

A) Bronchial dilation
B) Edema
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Constipation

Answer 1

Edema

Question 2

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:

A) alloimmunity.
B) autoimmunity.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) tissue-specific hypersensitivity.

Answer 2

anaphylaxis.

Question 3

An example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

A) bronchial asthma.
B) contact dermatitis.
C) serum sickness.
D) rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 3

serum sickness.

Question 4

A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons' cages. Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing?

A) Serum sickness
B) Raynaud phenomenon
C) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
D) Arthus reaction

Question 5

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through:

A) IgE-mediated reactions.
B) tissue-specific reactions.
C) antigen-antibody complexes.
D) type II hypersensitivity reactions.

Question 6

Several prisoners are experiencing symptoms of tuberculosis. A tuberculin reaction test was ordered. This test is an example of type _____ hypersensitivity.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 7

A 30-year-old female presents to her physician complaining of fatigue, excessive sweating, and increased appetite. Physical examination reveals protruding eyes, and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production. This disorder falls into which of the following categories?

A) Type I hypersensitivity
B) Type II hypersensitivity
C) Type III hypersensitivity
D) Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 8

A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which of the following is also likely to be present?

A) Anti-LE antibodies
B) Antinuclear antibodies
C) Antiherpes antibodies
D) Anti-CMV antibodies

Question 9

A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip. Upon returning home, she hugs her father and he later develops poison ivy. Which of the following immune reactions is he experiencing?

A) IgE-mediated
B) Tissue specific
C) Immune complex
D) Cell-mediated

Question 10

A patient presents with poison ivy on extremities, face, and buttocks. This disease is an example of:

A) anaphylaxis.
B) serum sickness.
C) delayed hypersensitivity.
D) lysosomal disease.

Question 11

If a person has type O blood, she is likely to have high titers (levels) of anti-_____ antibodies.

A) A only
B) B only
C) A and B
D) O

Question 12

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an example of:

A) autoimmunity.
B) alloimmunity.
C) homoimmunity.
D) alleimmunity.

Question 13

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?

A) Autoimmune
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Alloimmune
D) Allergic

Question 14

Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions does not involve an antibody response?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV

Question 15

A 10-year-old male presents to his physician complaining of wheezing and difficulty breathing. History reveals that both of the child's parents suffer from allergies. Which of the following terms would be used to classify the child?

A) Autosensitive
B) Atopic
C) Attenuated
D) Immunodeficient

Question 16

Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

A) a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states.
B) a normal immune response to an infectious agent.
C) an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen.
D) antigenic desensitization.

Question 17

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?

A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 25%

Question 18

The most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

A) urticaria.
B) hives.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Question 19

In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be matched for:

A) HLA type.
B) Rh antigen.
C) immunoglobulins.
D) platelet compatibility.

Question 20

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following symptoms would be considered a symptom of this disease?

A) Gastrointestinal ulcers
B) Decreased glomerular filtration rate
C) Rash on face, trunk and extremities
D) Photosensitivity

Question 21

A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Gram-negative bacteria
D) Virus

Question 22

Varicella, the virus that causes chicken pox, replicates:

A) with the host cell DNA.
B) using host cell DNA polymerase.
C) using reverse transcriptase.
D) in the cytoplasm.

Question 23

A common symptom of individuals with immunodeficiency is:

A) anemia.
B) recurrent infections.
C) hypersensitivity.
D) autoantibody production.

Question 24

Which relationship benefits the organism but causes no harm to the host?

A) Symbiosis
B) Mutualism
C) Commensalism
D) Pathogenicity

Question 25

Endotoxins are produced by:

A) gram-negative bacteria.
B) gram-positive bacteria.
C) gram-negative fungi.
D) gram-positive fungi.

Question 26

Bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:

A) proliferation.
B) attenuation.
C) specialization.
D) mutation.

Question 27

Viruses:

A) contain no DNA or RNA.
B) are capable of independent reproduction.
C) replicate their genetic material inside host cells.
D) are easily killed by antimicrobials.

Question 28

Bacterial pathogens can defend themselves from an immune response by:

A) producing capsules.
B) phagocytosis.
C) retreating.
D) developing antibodies.

Question 29

A 25-year-old female reports having unprotected sexual intercourse with several men. Blood tests reveal that she is positive for human papilloma virus. Which of the following may occur because of the infection?

A) Vaginal discharge
B) Liver failure
C) Breast cancer
D) Warts

Question 30

Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

A) HIV only infects T-helper cells.
B) HIV is a retrovirus.
C) Infection does not require a host cell receptor.
D) After infection, cell death is immediate.

Question 31

A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough. Histologic examination reveals a bacterial infection and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness?

A) Endotoxin
B) Exotoxin
C) Antitoxin
D) Septicemia

Question 32

Most bacterial vaccines contain:

A) active bacteria.
B) attenuated bacteria.
C) dead bacteria.
D) bacterial toxins.

Question 33

A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?

A) B lymphocyte deficiency
B) T lymphocyte deficiency
C) Combined immunologic deficiency
D) Complement deficiency

Question 34

When a person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine, the antigen is:

A) alive, but less infectious.
B) mutated, but highly infectious.
C) normal, but not infectious.
D) inactive, but infectious.

Question 35

The hallmark symptom of most infectious diseases is:

A) fever.
B) jaundice.
C) vomiting.
D) pain.

Question 36

The microorganisms that make up the normal human flora are important for:

A) regulating inflammation.
B) secreting bacteriostatic substances.
C) activating white blood cells.
D) preventing the attachment and multiplication of pathogens.

Question 37

Most viral vaccines contain:

A) active viruses.
B) attenuated viruses.
C) killed viruses.
D) viral toxins.

Question 38

A 22-year-old prostitute was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A decrease in which of the following cell types would be expected to accompany this virus?

A) CD4 T-helper
B) CD8 T-helper
C) CDC cells
D) B cells

Question 39

Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:

A) are easily treated with penicillin.
B) are extremely rare.
C) never occur with other infections.
D) are commonly opportunistic.

Question 40

A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. Which of the following blood type-transfusion type matches would cause this?

A) A-A
B) B-O
C) AB-O
D) A-AB

Question 41

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

A) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B) Protease inhibitors
C) Entrance inhibitors
D) Highly active antiretroviral therapy