Deck 25: Taking the Next Steps: Critical Thinking

Question 1

Which of the following is not a component of a management plan?

A)Presumptive diagnosis
B)Subspecialty consultation
C)Diet modification
D)Follow-up visit
E)Patient education

Answer 1

Presumptive diagnosis

Question 2

In issues surrounding ethical decision making, beneficence refers to the

A)appropriate use of medical resources.
B)care provider acting as a father or mother figure.
C)care provider knowing what is best for the patient.
D)need to avoid harming the patient.
E)need to do good for the patient.

Answer 2

need to do good for the patient.

Question 3

Bits of information that are distracting and draw your thinking away from central issues are referred to as

A)Bayes Theorem.
B)true negatives.
C)mechanism and probabilism.
D)red herrings.
E)false negatives.

Answer 3

red herrings.

Question 4

New symptoms or findings of unknown etiology are

A)problems to be noted on the problem list.
B)deferred for subsequent visits.
C)diagnosed before physical examination.
D)reserved for specialists.
E)usually "red herrings."

Question 5

Which of the following is an accepted method of making a diagnosis?

A)Always unifying your findings into one diagnosis
B)Making maximal use of laboratory tests
C)Using first assumptions
D)Using algorithms
E)Relying on intuition

Question 6

The term denoting the caregiver's need to do no harm to the patient is

A)autonomy.
B)deontologic imperative.
C)nonmaleficence.
D)utilitarianism.
E)beneficence.

Question 7

When evaluating results of laboratory tests, a test that is highly sensitive implies that the test

A)suggests that a disease is present when it actually is not.
B)will not have any false-positive results.
C)suggests that a disease is absent when it is absent.
D)is able to correctly identify for the disease being tested.
E)is able to confirm a diagnosis even when the disease is not present.

Question 8

The proportion of persons with an observation characteristic of a disease that have the disease is known as _____ value.

A)sensitivity positive specific
B)negative specific
C)positive predictive
D)negative predictive
E)true negative

Question 9

The adage "common problems occur commonly" advises the practitioner to

A)always diagnose the patient's problem in terms of what their practice usually sees.
B)refer any uncommon complaints to specialists as soon as possible.
C)consider the most likely cause of the patient's problem before considering the obscure.
D)examine uncommon problems critically before assuming that the issue is an unusual presentation of a common problem.
E)be aware that common problems never have unusual presentations.

Question 10

Which of the following is initially appropriate in the management of a patient's diagnosed problem?

A)Inform the patient of the treatment plan.
B)Give the patient detailed written instructions regarding the treatment plan.
C)Inform the patient that the plan has been tailored to his needs.
D)Inform the patient of treatment options and possible results.
E)Lead the patient to an understanding that you know the best treatment option.

Question 11

A valid history and physical examination can serve to

A)create higher health care costs.
B)supplement your opinion.
C)threaten patient satisfaction.
D)increase the risk of liability.
E)limit indiscriminate use of diagnostics.

Question 12

The duties of care providers established by tradition and within the context of culture are known as

A)beneficence.
B)allopathic imperatives.
C)deontologic imperatives.
D)utilitarian imperatives.
E)paternalistic imperatives.

Question 13

Examiner experience should result in

A)an ability to stay focused on one's favorite hypotheses.
B)a reliance on intuition.
C)an ability to order more laboratory tests.
D)the need to spend more time with patients.
E)the ability to analyze data with more confidence.

Question 14

After the subjective and objective data have been prioritized, the next step is to

A)order laboratory tests.
B)formulate a problem list.
C)establish the diagnosis.
D)initiate therapy.
E)initiate appropriate consultations.

Question 15

When determining priorities for planned actions, the practitioner should

A)address problems in the order of their chronologic development.
B)consider whether the patient is concerned about a particular problem before addressing it.
C)ignore the patient's social and economic circumstances.
D)address the most urgent problem first.
E)never consider if the cost of care will impact other areas of the patient's life.

Question 16

The most important guide to sequencing actions should be

A)probability and utility.
B)avoid diagnoses with no available treatment.
C)costs and risks of procedures.
D)reimbursement potential and patient acceptance.
E)assumption and intuition.

Question 17

Medical decision making requires a balance between

A)speculation and feelings.
B)opinions and beliefs.
C)knowledge and superstition.
D)mechanism and probability.
E)trust and suspicion.

Question 18

The likelihood of your diagnosis being related to your findings depends on

A)the number of ancillary tests performed.
B)the prevalence of both in the particular population.
C)your ability to validate your first impression.
D)your experience with the particular condition.
E)the number and magnitude of the presenting problems.

Question 19

In practice, the use of evidence

A)is called evidence-based practice.
B)replaces intuitive responses.
C)makes intuitive responses inconsequential.
D)affirms intuitive responses.
E)need not undergo critical review.

Question 20

A specific test is one that has the ability to

A)correctly identify those who have the disease.
B)correctly identify those who do not have the disease.
C)be exclusively used to make a diagnosis.
D)suggest the presence of a disease that is not present.
E)exclude competing explanations for another test finding.

Question 21

Regarding stages of change, contemplation refers to

A)not yet admitting a problem.
B)admitting there is a problem.
C)intending to take action.
D)changing behavior.
E)sustaining actions and working to prevent relapse.