Deck 8: Skin, Hair, and Nails

Question 1

Which cultural group has the lowest incidence of nevi?

A) Native Americans
B) African Americans
C) Mexican Americans
D) Asians

Answer 1

African Americans

Question 2

Brittle nails are typical findings in:

A) adolescents.
B) infants.
C) pregnant women.
D) older adults.

Answer 2

older adults.

Question 3

Sweat glands, hair, and nails are all formed from:

A) basement membranes under cellular strata.
B) closely packed squamous cells.
C) invaginations of epidermis into dermis.
D) papillae that penetrate the epidermis.

Answer 3

invaginations of epidermis into dermis.

Question 4

The secretory activity of the sebaceous glands is stimulated by:

A) body heat.
B) ambient temperature.
C) sex hormones.
D) dietary protein.

Question 5

You are inspecting the lower extremities of a patient and have noted pale, shiny skin of the lower extremities. This may reflect:

A) systemic disease.
B) a history of vigorous exercise.
C) peptic ulcer disease.
D) mental retardation.

Question 6

Unusual white areas on the skin may be caused by:

A) adrenal disease.
B) polycythemia.
C) vitiligo.
D) Down syndrome.

Question 7

Tangential lighting is best used for inspecting skin:

A) color.
B) contour.
C) exudates.
D) symmetry.

Question 8

Mrs. Mulligan brings her 16-year-old son into the office for a sports physical examination. As the health care provider, you explain that normal hormone-related changes of adolescence include:

A) increased oil production.
B) slowed hair growth.
C) depleted apocrine glands.
D) decreased sebaceous gland activity.

Question 9

Expected hair distribution changes in older adults include:

A) increased terminal hair follicles on the scalp.
B) more prominent axillary and pubic hair production.
C) increased terminal hair follicles to the tragus of men's ears.
D) more prominent peripheral extremity hair production.

Question 10

Mrs. Bower is a 39-year-old patient who has come to the office for a routine physical examination. As the health care provider, you know that the skin temperature is best assessed with the:

A) dorsal surface of the examiner's hand.
B) palmar surface of the examiner's hand.
C) ulnar surface of the examiner's hand.
D) pads of the examiner's fingers.

Question 11

As part of your health promotion education for a new patient, you explain that the risk factors for skin cancer include:

A) an olive complexion.
B) repeated trauma or irritation to skin.
C) history of allergic reactions to sunscreen.
D) dark eyes and hair.

Question 12

The type and brand of grooming products used are important to the health history of:

A) adolescents.
B) everyone.
C) older adults.
D) persons with rashes.

Question 13

You are examining a pregnant patient and have noted a vascular lesion. When you blanch over the vascular lesion, the site blanches and refills evenly from the center outward. The nurse documents this lesion as a:

A) telangiectasia.
B) spider angioma.
C) petechiae.
D) purpura.

Question 14

Mrs. Tuber is a 36-year-old patient who comes into the health center with complaints that her fingernails are not growing. Which structure is the site of new nail growth?

A) Cuticle
B) Perionychium
C) Matrix
D) Nail bed

Question 15

A 29-year-old white woman appears jaundiced. Liver disease as a cause has been excluded. What history questions should the nurse ask?

A) Whether she had unprotected sex
B) Whether she has a history of diabetes mellitus
C) Whether she had unusual bleeding problems
D) Whether she eats a lot of yellow and orange vegetables

Question 16

Mrs. Leonard brings her newborn infant into the pediatrician's office for a first well-baby visit. As the health care provider, you teach her that newborns are more vulnerable to hypothermia because of:

A) the presence of coarse terminal hair.
B) desquamation of the stratum corneum.
C) their covering of vernix caseosa.
D) a poorly developed subcutaneous fat layer.

Question 17

Mr. Donalds is a 45-year-old roofer. Your inspection to determine color variations of the skin is best conducted:

A) using an episcope.
B) under fluorescent lighting.
C) with illumination provided by daylight.
D) using a Wood's light.

Question 18

The skin repairs surface wounds by:

A) exaggerating cell replacement.
B) excreting lactic acid.
C) producing vitamins.
D) providing a mechanical barrier.

Question 19

Mrs. Franklin is a 68-year-old patient who presents to the office with a complaint that her nails do not seem to be growing. As the health care provider, you explain to her that the nails of older adults grow slowly because of:

A) decreased circulation.
B) dietary deficiencies.
C) fungal infections.
D) low hormone levels.

Question 20

The adipose tissue in the hypodermis serves to:

A) provide sensory input.
B) generate heat and insulate.
C) create tensile strength.
D) secrete collagen.

Question 21

The most common inflammatory skin condition is:

A) cutis marmorata.
B) eczematous dermatitis.
C) intradermal nevus.
D) pityriasis rosea.

Question 22

Café au lait patches are numbered with each assessment of infants and young children because:

A) the numbers are expected to increase each year.
B) coalescent lesions are a more serious finding.
C) the presence of more than five patches suggests neurofibromatosis.
D) decreasing numbers are expected with growth.

Question 23

Pigmented, raised, warty lesions over the face and trunk should be assessed by an experienced practitioner who can distinguish:

A) cutaneous tags from lentigines.
B) furuncles from folliculitis.
C) sebaceous hyperplasia from eczema.
D) seborrheic keratoses from actinic keratoses.

Question 24

You have just completed a skin assessment on Mr. Baker. During your assessment, you have transilluminated a skin lesion. During the physical examination, you know that skin lesions are transilluminated to distinguish:

A) vascular from nonvascular lesions.
B) furuncles from folliculitis lesions.
C) fluid-filled lesions from solid cysts or masses.
D) herpes zoster from varicella.

Question 25

The nurse inspects an annular lesion. Which type of additional lighting source should be used for further assessment?

A) Fluorescent lighting
B) Wood's lamp
C) Goose-neck lamp
D) Sunlight

Question 26

Mrs. Britton is a 34-year-old patient who presents to the office with complaints of skin rashes. You have noted a 4- $\times$ 3-cm, rough, elevated area of psoriasis. This is an example of a:

A) plaque.
B) patch.
C) macule.
D) papule.

Question 27

The characteristic that best differentiates psoriasis from other skin abnormalities is the:

A) color of the scales.
B) formation of tiny papules.
C) general distribution over the body.
D) recurrence.

Question 28

A single transverse line seen in the palm of a small child may imply:

A) Down syndrome.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) systemic sclerosis.
D) profound dehydration.

Question 29

A Dennie-Morgan fold is probably caused by:

A) birth trauma.
B) high fever.
C) excess adipose tissue.
D) chronic rubbing.

Question 30

Women with terminal hair growth in a male distribution pattern should receive further evaluation for a(n):

A) circulation condition.
B) endocrine disorder.
C) inflammatory state.
D) nutritional deficit.

Question 31

Fluorescing lesions are best distinguished using a(n):

A) incandescent lamp.
B) magnifying glass.
C) transilluminator.
D) Wood's lamp.

Question 32

Cherry angiomas are a common finding in:

A) adults older than 30 years.
B) newborns.
C) pregnant women.
D) sunbathers.

Question 33

Small, minute bruises are called:

A) ecchymoses.
B) petechiae.
C) spider veins.
D) telangiectasias.

Question 34

Skin turgor checks are performed to determine the:

A) temperature of the skin.
B) hydration status.
C) actual age.
D) extent of an ecchymosis.

Question 35

Age spots are also called:

A) seborrheic keratoses.
B) solar lentigines.
C) cutaneous horns.
D) acrochordon.

Question 36

Which nail change found on examination would be most alarming?

A) Dark bands seen on all fingernails of a dark-skinned person
B) Yellow discoloration of the great toe of an older adult
C) Single dark band in a white adult
D) Pits in both index fingernails of an adult

Question 37

Which of the following is a noncandidal fungal infection?

A) Pityriasis rosea
B) Psoriasis
C) Tinea corporis
D) Rosacea

Question 38

Linea nigra is commonly found on the abdomens of:

A) infants and children.
B) adolescents.
C) pregnant women.
D) older adults.

Question 39

Transient mottling of the patient's skin in a cool room is a common finding in:

A) menopausal women.
B) newborn infants.
C) pregnant women.
D) sedentary adults.

Question 40

A flat, nonpalpable lesion is described as a macule if the diameter is:

A) larger than 1 cm.
B) smaller than 1 cm.
C) 3 cm exactly.
D) too irregular to measure.

Question 41

Soft, painless, bluish papules in persons who are HIV-positive are most likely:

A) Kaposi sarcoma.
B) malignant melanoma.
C) molluscum contagiosum.
D) pityriasis rosea.

Question 42

The nurse assesses the nail base angle using the Schamroth technique. The normal expected examination finding is nail beds that are _____ at the bases.

A) flat
B) convex
C) concave
D) bowed

Question 43

Assessment of poor hygiene, healed fractures with deformity, or unexplained trauma in older adults indicates:

A) sexual abuse.
B) physical neglect.
C) psychological abuse.
D) violated rights.

Question 44

A 17-year-old student complains of a "rash for 3 days." You note pale, erythematous oval plaques over the trunk. They have fine scales and are arranged in a fernlike pattern, with parallel alignment. What is the nurse's next action?

A) Teach infectious control measures.
B) Inquire about another recent skin lesion.
C) Inspect the palms and the soles.
D) Inform the patient that this will resolve within a week.

Question 45

During history taking, a mother states that her son awoke in the middle of the night complaining of intense itching to his legs. Today, your inspection reveals a honey-colored exudate from the vesicular rash on his legs. Which condition is consistent with these findings?

A) Exanthem
B) Impetigo
C) Solar keratoses
D) Trichotillomania

Question 46

A slightly elevated brownish papule with indistinct borders is a typical characteristic of a(n) _____ nevus.

Question 47

Individuals with dark pigmentary demarcation lines show lighter coloration on ________ body surfaces.

Question 48

Damage into the subcutaneous tissue in a decubitus ulcer occurs at stage _____.

Question 49

Which of the following identify the signs and symptoms of basal cell cancer?

A) Itching
B) Reddish patch
C) Starts from a nevi
D) Various clinical forms-cystic, nodular, pigmented
E) Macule type

Question 50

A 5-year-old child presents with discrete vesicles on an erythematous base (dew drops on a rose petal appearance) that began near her scalp and are spreading to the trunk. The child has a low-grade fever and feels tired. What is the nurse's next action?

A) Teach infectious control measures.
B) Inquire about other patterns of physical abuse.
C) Inspect the buccal mucosa for Koplik spots.
D) Inform the parent that this will resolve within a couple of days.

Question 51

You are conducting a preschool examination on a 5-year-old child. Which injury would most likely raise your suspicion that the child was being abused?

A) Recent bruising over both knees
B) A healed laceration under the chin
C) A bruise on the right shin with associated abrasion of tissue
D) Bruises in various stages of resolution over body soft tissues

Question 52

Which of the following is an ABCD characteristic of malignant melanoma?

A) Asymmetric borders
B) Borders well demarcated
C) Color of lesion is uniform
D) Diameter less than 6 mm

Question 53

Painful vesicles are associated with:

A) psoriasis.
B) pityriasis rosea.
C) paronychia.
D) herpes zoster.

Question 54

The most common cutaneous neoplasm is:

A) basal cell carcinoma.
B) compound nevus.
C) seborrheic keratosis.
D) senile actinic keratosis.