Deck 11: Stress and Health Psychology

Question 1

Bobbi is very interested in theater. When she fails to get the lead in the school play, rather than just give up her theatrical efforts, she accepts her smaller role. Her behavior is an example of ________.

A) adjustment
B) stress
C) coping
D) pressure

Answer 1

adjustment

Question 2

According to Lazarus, ________.

A) stress is only the result of life or death problems
B) stress is often the result of life's petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations
C) stress is almost always the result of conflict
D) dramatic events are the chief source of stress

Answer 2

stress is often the result of life's petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations

Question 3

When we must speed up, intensify, or shift the direction in our behaviors or when we feel we have to live up to a higher standard of performance, we experience ________.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) anxiety
C) overload
D) pressure

Answer 3

pressure

Question 4

According to Lewin, the result of facing a choice between two undesirable possibilities, neither of which has any positive qualities, is called a(n) ________ conflict.

A) avoidance/avoidance
B) approach/avoidance
C) approach/approach
D) multiple approach/avoidance

Question 5

Any environmental demand that creates a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation is called ________.

A) pressure
B) adjustment
C) a stressor
D) arousal

Question 6

Which of the following researchers is most closely associated with exploring the relationship of "hassles" to stress?

A) Lazarus
B) Holmes
C) Rahe
D) Selye

Question 7

According to Lewin, the result of simultaneous attraction to two appealing possibilities, neither of which has any negative qualities is called an ________ conflict.

A) approach/avoidance
B) incompatible demands
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 8

Delays, lack of resources, losses, and failures as sources of ________.

A) pressure
B) internal dissonance
C) frustration
D) anxiety

Question 9

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ________ conflict.

A) approach/approach
B) avoidance/avoidance
C) incompatible demands
D) approach/avoidance

Question 10

Stress is experienced ________.

A) only when we are faced with pleasant situations
B) in pleasant and unpleasant situations
C) only in life or death situations
D) only when we are faced with unpleasant situations

Question 11

Conflict was described in terms of its two opposite tendencies of approach and avoidance by ________.

A) Coleman
B) Freud
C) Lewin
D) Epstein

Question 12

Of all of life's troubles, ________ is probably the most common.

A) pressure
B) conflict
C) frustration
D) failure

Question 13

Amy wants to be a dentist but can't get into dental school despite two years of trying because her grades are too low. She is angry at herself for not earning better grades and feels that continuing to apply to other dental schools is hopeless. Her feelings stem from ________.

A) conflict
B) frustration
C) anxiety
D) internal dissonance

Question 14

According to Lazarus, major events ________.

A) result only in minor stress
B) are unrelated to stress
C) trigger numerous little hassles that give rise to stress
D) are the chief direct source of stress

Question 15

Gloria wants to be the best account executive her firm has ever seen, in the hope that she may quickly be promoted to vice president for investment and finance. She is pushing herself to achieve perfection because of ________.

A) frustration
B) internal dissonance
C) pressure
D) anxiety

Question 16

Each of the following is considered by your text to be one of the five common sources of frustration except ________.

A) anxiety
B) discrimination
C) lack of resources
D) losses

Question 17

Petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations that arise from chronic or repeated conditions of living are called ________.

A) life events
B) irritants
C) hassles
D) catastrophes

Question 18

When you want to purchase a particular book, only to find out that it is out of stock at your local bookstore, you are most likely to experience ________.

A) frustration
B) conflict
C) internal dissonance
D) anxiety

Question 19

________ life changes involve a certain amount of stress.

A) Only major positive
B) Only major negative
C) All major
D) Only some major positive and major negative

Question 20

The necessity to choose between two incompatible needs, demands, opportunities, or goals is called ________.

A) pressure
B) anxiety
C) dissonance
D) conflict

Question 21

________ coping tends to be problem-oriented and to focus on the immediate issue.

A) Indirect
B) Direct
C) Defensive
D) Passive

Question 22

Henry's term paper is due and he hasn't finished it. He can turn in the unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or he can hand it in late, in which case he will lose so many points he will also fail. Henry's dilemma would be described by Lewin as a(n) ________ conflict.

A) double approach/avoidance
B) avoidance/avoidance
C) approach/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 23

Dawnelle is sitting in class, when her professor makes the following announcement: "Any student who earned less than a 70% on the last exam is required to make an appointment to see me so that we can discuss your study habits and find ways to help you improve." She thinks to herself, "I got an 84% on that exam, so I don't have to go to his office if I don't want to." Dawnelle has made a(n) _______ appraisal of the situation, since she is deciding whether it is or is not relevant to her own circumstance.

A) tertiary
B) primary
C) coping
D) secondary

Question 24

People with a trait called ________ tolerate stress extremely well, and in some cases seem to thrive on it.

A) hardiness
B) self-actualization
C) confidence
D) resilience

Question 25

Which of the following people is likely to experience the most stress in a given situation?

A) an optimist with an external locus of control
B) an optimist with an internal locus of control
C) a pessimist with an external locus of control
D) a pessimist with an internal locus of control

Question 26

The walls of Martha and Bill's apartment complex are very thin. Often, they cannot fall asleep because the people who live downstairs play their radio too loudly at night. After years of putting up with the noise, they rent a house of their own. Their behavior represents ________ coping.

A) indirect
B) defensive
C) direct
D) adaptive

Question 27

Which of the following people is likely to experience the least stress in a given situation?

A) a pessimist with an external locus of control
B) an optimist with an external locus of control
C) an optimist with an internal locus of control
D) a pessimist with an internal locus of control

Question 28

One of the most common and effective ways of coping with a conflict is to ________.

A) compromise
B) be aggressive
C) withdraw
D) deny the conflict

Question 29

According to Lazarus and Folkman, there are three key processes that must occur when one is evaluating events that may be stressful. They include all but which of the following?

A) Assessing the relevance of the situation to one's own self-esteem or well-being.
B) Assessing the options that one has for dealing with a situation.
C) Deciding what one can do if a situation is changeable or controllable.
D) Figuring out the precipitating causes of the stressful situation

Question 30

The ability to "bounce back," recover one's self-confidence, good spirits, and hopeful attitude after extreme and prolonged stress is called ________.

A) self-efficacy
B) hardiness
C) reactivity
D) resilience

Question 31

Any intentional effort to change an uncomfortable situation is called ________ coping.

A) indirect
B) aggressive
C) direct
D) defensive

Question 32

Sue feels she must be competent, adequate, and successful in everything she does. Since this is impossible she feels worthless as a human being. Ellis and Harper would say her problem arises from ________.

A) irrational beliefs
B) faulty expectations
C) faulty personal "tapes"
D) faulty response cues

Question 33

The phrase "a mixed blessing" most accurately describes a(n) ________ conflict.

A) double approach/avoidance
B) approach/approach
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/avoidance

Question 34

Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or attain a difficult goal is called ________.

A) sublimation
B) compromise
C) aggression
D) confrontation

Question 35

Confrontation, compromise, and withdrawal are all forms of ________.

A) self-deception
B) direct coping
C) indirect coping
D) defensive coping

Question 36

People are likely to sit down and wait for events to resolve things for them if caught in a(n) ________ conflict.

A) avoidance/avoidance
B) approach/approach
C) approach/avoidance
D) double approach/avoidance

Question 37

A single goal whose attainment produces both good and bad consequences usually creates a(n) ________ conflict.

A) approach/avoidance
B) double approach/avoidance
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 38

The old saying "damned if you do and damned if you don't" most resembles a(n) ________ conflict.

A) double approach/avoidance
B) approach/avoidance
C) approach/approach
D) avoidance/avoidance

Question 39

Expressions of anger are a form of ________.

A) compromise
B) withdrawal
C) confrontation
D) abreaction

Question 40

An internal source of stress described by Ellis and Harper is a set of ________.

A) hardiness traits
B) projection cues
C) response cues
D) irrational beliefs

Question 41

A corporate executive who feels guilty about the way she ascended to power accuses her colleagues of ruthless ambition. Her behavior typifies ________.

A) projection
B) sublimation
C) displacement
D) identification

Question 42

In World War II, many prisoners in concentration camps came to imitate the behaviors and mannerisms of the brutal guards who were their captors. The behavior of these prisoners is probably due to ________.

A) sublimation
B) projection
C) identification
D) reaction formation

Question 43

Soldiers who break down in the battlefield often cope with their situation by blocking out all memories of their behavior and their situation. This is a type of ________.

A) repression
B) withdrawal
C) aggression
D) intellectualization

Question 44

Perhaps the greatest danger of withdrawal as a way of coping is that it will ________.

A) result in stoicism in all similar future situations
B) result in avoidance of similar future situations
C) result in aggression
D) eliminate the chance for future compromise

Question 45

When we attribute feelings we do not want to have to someone else, we may be ________.

A) projecting
B) sublimating
C) displacing
D) identifying

Question 46

When individuals realize their adversary is more powerful than they are, a positive and realistic adjustment is ________.

A) withdrawal
B) aggression
C) regression
D) denial

Question 47

The most basic defense mechanisms are ________.

A) denial and rationalization
B) projection and denial
C) projection and rationalization
D) denial and repression

Question 48

A supposedly mature adult reverting to childlike behavior is typical of ________.

A) regression
B) repression
C) reaction formation
D) sublimation

Question 49

The self-deceptive elements of defensive coping led Freud to believe that these elements were ________.

A) totally conscious
B) unconscious
C) maladaptive
D) manipulative

Question 50

The most common mechanism for blocking painful feelings and memories is ________.

A) displacement
B) repression
C) projection
D) denial

Question 51

In situations where people are under stress but there is little or nothing they can do to cope directly with the stress, they are likely to turn to ________.

A) aggression
B) confrontation
C) defense mechanisms
D) compromise

Question 52

Lilly has been told by her doctor that she is suffering from a terminal illness. Instead of making preparations for her demise, she acts as if nothing is wrong and tells her friends that her doctor is a "quack" who misdiagnosed her illness. She believes that she will recover despite her doctor's warning. Her behavior is typical of someone using ________.

A) rationalization
B) projection
C) denial
D) repression

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true of defense mechanisms?

A) They indicate future psychosis in an individual.
B) They indicate the presence of severe neuroses.
C) They are self-deceptive techniques.
D) They are not used by well-adjusted people.

Question 54

Refusing to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality is ________.

A) projection
B) repression
C) rationalization
D) denial

Question 55

Defensive coping is a form of ________.

A) confrontation
B) self-deception
C) aggression
D) compromise

Question 56

The reverse of projection is ________.

A) identification
B) intellectualization
C) sublimation
D) reaction formation

Question 57

In a hostage situation, to survive, victims sometimes seek to please their captors, and may identify with them as a way of coping with unbearable and unstoppable stress. This phenomenon is known as the ________.

A) Stockholm syndrome
B) general adaptation syndrome
C) phi phenomenon
D) Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 58

A parent with unfulfilled ambitions shares emotionally in her child's success. When the child is promoted, the parent feels as if she, herself, has triumphed. Her behavior exemplifies the defense mechanism of ________.

A) projection
B) identification
C) reaction formation
D) sublimation

Question 59

In a contract negotiation, union leaders initially demand a $2 per hour raise. Management does not want to give workers a raise at all. Eventually, both sides agree to a $1 per hour raise. This is an example of ________.

A) compromise
B) sublimation
C) confrontation
D) displacement

Question 60

After weeks of being taunted by her so-called "friends" at school, Alyssa begins actively avoiding them whenever possible. Her coping style is best described as ________.

A) compromise
B) rationalization
C) confrontation
D) withdrawal

Question 61

When women are under stress, they are more likely than men to ________.

A) withdraw and try to be alone
B) behave aggressively
C) engage in denial
D) seek contact and support from others

Question 62

The tend-and-befriend response may be linked to the hormone ________.

A) oxytocin
B) glucagon
C) serotonin
D) epinephrine

Question 63

Each of the following is probably true of lower-class members of society except they ________.

A) have fewer people and fewer community resources they can turn to for help during hard times
B) have an internal locus of control
C) do not cope with their difficulties as well as those in the upper classes
D) have to deal with more stressors than people who are financially secure.

Question 64

Analyzing our problems by detaching ourselves from them and talking about them as if they are not concerns to us, but other people, is called ________.

A) projection
B) sublimation
C) regression
D) intellectualization

Question 65

The hormone ________ reduces the effects of oxytocin.

A) thyroxin
B) testosterone
C) estrogen
D) progesterone

Question 66

A reaction formation is a behavioral form of ________.

A) identification
B) rationalization
C) displacement
D) denial

Question 67

The redirection and transformation of repressed drive into more socially acceptable forms is called ________.

A) displacement
B) repression
C) denial
D) sublimation

Question 68

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Defensive coping signifies an impending breakdown.
B) Defensive coping is used only by immature people.
C) Defense mechanisms are always maladaptive.
D) Over the long run, certain defenses can hinder successful adjustment.

Question 69

The salesman who throws a "temper tantrum" when his car is not repaired on schedule is probably ________.

A) displacing
B) projecting
C) regressing
D) sublimating

Question 70

When you are faced with a dangerous or threatening situation, your adrenal glands release stress hormones such as adrenaline into the bloodstream. Subsequently, there are increases in your blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and perspiration. This reaction is known as the ________.

A) Stockholm Syndrome
B) Peter principle
C) fight-or-flight response
D) Phi phenomenon

Question 71

Intellectualization is a subtle form of ________.

A) identification
B) projection
C) denial
D) displacement

Question 72

A doctor who sees patients suffering every day protects herself from being affected by her patients' pain by discussing them only in terms of distant, technical, medical terminology. This doctor's behavior is typical of ________.

A) projection
B) sublimation
C) regression
D) intellectualization

Question 73

The "fight-or-flight" response was first described and labeled by ________.

A) Walter Cannon
B) Hans Selye
C) Arnold Lazarus
D) Holmes and Rahe

Question 74

When under stress ________ secrete oxytocin.

A) both males and females
B) females but not males
C) males but not females
D) neither males nor females

Question 75

Parents who are overprotective of a child they did not want may be exhibiting ________.

A) a reaction formation
B) denial
C) projection
D) sublimation

Question 76

Johnny is extremely angry at his father and wants to hurt him, but hits his little brother instead. This is most likely an example of ________.

A) sublimation
B) denial
C) displacement
D) reaction formation

Question 77

A subfield of psychology concerned with the relationship between psychological factors and physical health and illness is called ________ psychology.

A) health
B) environmental
C) forensic
D) behavioral

Question 78

The shifting of repressed motives and emotions from an original object to a substitute object is known as ________.

A) denial
B) aggression
C) projection
D) displacement

Question 79

When people express exaggerated emotions and ideas that are the opposite of their real emotions and ideas, they are exhibiting ________.

A) displacement
B) repression
C) intellectualization
D) reaction formation

Question 80

Displacement is the ________.

A) redirection of repressed emotions to substitutes
B) opposite of regression
C) sense of rejection felt by many victims of discrimination
D) behavioral form of denial