Deck 10: Personality

Question 1

The unconscious is best defined as ideas, thoughts, and feelings ________.

A) of which we are not and cannot normally become aware
B) we can recall from memory
C) of which we are fully aware
D) of which we are not normally aware

Answer 1

of which we are not and cannot normally become aware

Question 2

All psychodynamic theorists share the sense that personality is primarily determined by ________.

A) conscious choice/free will
B) unconscious processes
C) self-actualization
D) learning and conditioning

Answer 2

unconscious processes

Question 3

According to Freud, thinking and reasoning are controlled by the ________.

A) ego
B) superego
C) collective unconscious
D) id

Answer 3

ego

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the three personality structures postulated by Freud?

A) ego
B) id
C) superego
D) persona

Question 5

________ is the study of psychic energy and how it is transformed and expressed in behavior.

A) Gestalt psychology
B) Cognitive psychology
C) Parapsychology
D) Psychodynamics

Question 6

Freud believed that psychic energy came from ________.

A) the self-actualizing potential
B) an individual's struggle to deal with dependency
C) sexual and aggressive urges
D) the struggle to overcome feelings of inferiority

Question 7

In a radical departure from personality theories of his time, Freud stressed ________.

A) the conscious
B) learning
C) the unconscious
D) self-actualization

Question 8

Each of the following is one of the propositions central to all psychodynamic theories except ________.

A) our mental representations of ourselves, of others, and of our relationships tend to guide our interactions with other people
B) stable personality patterns do not form until young adulthood
C) mental processes such as emotions, motivations, and thoughts operate in parallel and thus may lead to conflicting feelings
D) much of mental life is unconscious

Question 9

According to Freud, the pleasure principle is the way in which ________.

A) the ego ideal tries to set up standards of what one would like to be
B) young children instinctively seek self-actualization
C) the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully
D) the id tries to obtain immediate gratification and avoid pain

Question 10

For Freud, the personality structure that is completely unconscious is the ________.

A) alter-ego
B) ego
C) superego
D) id

Question 11

According to Freud, the energy generated by the sexual instinct is known as the ________.

A) libido
B) secondary process
C) pleasure principle
D) fixated process

Question 12

Imaging yourself responding in a snarky manner to a bully who has been tormenting you is an example of ________.

A) secondary process thinking
B) wish fulfillment
C) abreaction
D) the reality principle

Question 13

The best known and most influential psychodynamic theorist is ________.

A) Maslow
B) Skinner
C) Watson
D) Freud

Question 14

For Freud, the term "sexual instinct" refers to ________.

A) erotic sexuality
B) childhood experiences
C) any form of pleasure
D) the personal unconscious

Question 15

For Freud, the storehouse of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the ________.

A) superego
B) ego
C) persona
D) id

Question 16

According to your text, personality is each of the following except ________.

A) enduring
B) stable
C) unique
D) unpredictable

Question 17

Freud's personality theory and his form of therapy are called ________.

A) rational emotive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) humanism
D) cognitive theory

Question 18

The unique pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and situations is called ________.

A) learning
B) a habit
C) personality
D) a trait

Question 19

In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the id is believed to operate according to the ________.

A) pleasure principle
B) guilt/pride principle
C) reality principle
D) ego ideal

Question 20

The id's link to reality is called the ________.

A) ego ideal
B) conscious
C) superego
D) ego

Question 21

In psychodynamic theory, the ego is believed to operate according to the ________ principle.

A) guilt/pride
B) pleasure
C) reflex
D) reality

Question 22

According to Freud, the standard of perfection by which the superego judges the ego's actions is known as the ________.

A) ego ideal
B) animus
C) archetype
D) conscience

Question 23

The ________ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world.

A) superego
B) ego
C) archetype
D) animus

Question 24

According to Freud, during the first 18 months of life, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ________.

A) anus
B) mouth
C) genitals
D) hands

Question 25

According to Freud, the ________ acts as our conscience.

A) ego
B) id
C) superego
D) collective unconscious

Question 26

In Freud's view, certain characteristic personality traits are the result of ________.

A) the primary process
B) heredity
C) the reality principle
D) fixation

Question 27

Freud believed that young children are essentially ________ and will do whatever is pleasurable.

A) immoral
B) amoral
C) selfless
D) pure and unspoiled

Question 28

For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the ________.

A) ego
B) superego
C) libido
D) id

Question 29

According to Freud, selfish, clever criminals who doesn't care who they hurt to get what they want, as long as they can safely get away with it and not be caught and punished, is being completely controlled by the ________.

A) id and ego
B) id and superego
C) collective unconscious
D) ego and superego

Question 30

According to Freud, the reality principle is the way in which ________.

A) the id tries to obtain gratification and avoid pain
B) young children instinctively seek self-actualization
C) the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully
D) the ego ideal established standards of what one would like to be

Question 31

A child is completely dependent on other people to satisfy its needs during the ________ stage.

A) phallic
B) oral
C) anal
D) genital

Question 32

Joe is overly optimistic, gullible, and dependent on others to meet his needs. In Freud's view, he is probably fixated in the ________ stage.

A) phallic
B) anal
C) genital
D) oral

Question 33

A personality that consisted of only the ego and the id would be completely ________.

A) selfish
B) illogical
C) rational
D) selfless

Question 34

In Freud's view, a partial or complete halt in an individual's psychosexual development is called ________.

A) thanatos
B) libido
C) fixation
D) abreaction

Question 35

According to Freud, to function effectively, the ________.

A) superego must dominate the id and ego
B) id, ego, and superego must work in harmony
C) id must dominate the ego and superego
D) ego must dominate the id and superego

Question 36

For Freud, material that we are not currently aware of, but which can be easily recalled is in the ________ mind.

A) preconscious
B) collective unconscious
C) conscious
D) unconscious

Question 37

The proper chronological order of Freud's psychosexual stages is ________.

A) anal, oral, genital, latency, phallic
B) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
C) oral, anal, genital, phallic, latency
D) anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital

Question 38

Henry is very shy and withdrawn. He rarely acts on impulse, feels guilty about any display of desire, and is emotionally restricted. Freud would say Henry's ________ is the dominant part of his personality.

A) id
B) sexual instinct
C) superego
D) ego

Question 39

Joe is pessimistic, sarcastic, argumentative, hostile, and lacks confidence. In Freud's view, he is probably fixated in the ________ stage.

A) genital
B) oral
C) phallic
D) anal

Question 40

Henry is impulsive and emotional. His behavior is illogical and he feels little guilt for what he does. Freud would say Henry's ________ is the dominant part of his personality.

A) collective unconscious
B) ego
C) superego
D) id

Question 41

According to Freud, most children resolve the Oedipus or Electra conflict by ________.

A) becoming anally fixated
B) reverting to the oral stage
C) identifying with the parent of the same sex
D) identifying with the parent of the opposite sex

Question 42

Jenny is 15 years old. She is capable of mature sexuality, is able to postpone gratification, and handle responsibility. According to Freud, she is in the ________ stage.

A) phallic
B) latency
C) oral
D) genital

Question 43

Jung saw the unconscious as ________.

A) irrelevant to everyday functioning
B) a cauldron of seething excitations
C) the ego's source of strength and vitality
D) the moral guardian of personality

Question 44

According to Jung, our repressed thoughts, undeveloped ideas, and forgotten experiences are contained in the ________.

A) archetype
B) persona
C) personal unconscious
D) collective unconscious

Question 45

According to Freud, a boy's sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called ________.

A) countertransference
B) the Oedipus complex
C) transference
D) the Electra complex

Question 46

In Freud's view, if parents are too ________ during toilet training, children may become obstinate, stingy, and excessively orderly, and if they are too ________, their children may become messy, unorganized, and sloppy as adults.

A) lenient; lenient
B) lenient; strict
C) strict; lenient
D) strict; strict

Question 47

According to Freud, a girl's sexual attachment to her father and jealousy of her mother is called ________.

A) the Electra complex
B) the Oedipus complex
C) transference
D) countertransference

Question 48

Claudine's public behavior is very vain, flirtatious, and promiscuous. Privately she feels low self-esteem and an overwhelming sense of worthlessness. In Freud's view, she is probably fixated in the ________ stage.

A) anal
B) genital
C) phallic
D) oral

Question 49

According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the ________.

A) alter-ego
B) collective unconscious
C) personal unconscious
D) persona

Question 50

According to Jung, libido represents ________.

A) sexual forces
B) psychosocial drives
C) all the life forces
D) survival instincts

Question 51

According to Freud, the stage of psychosexual development in which the child's erotic feelings center on the bowels and the process of elimination is the ________ stage.

A) phallic
B) genital
C) anal
D) latency

Question 52

According to Freud, children enter the ________ at puberty.

A) anal stage
B) phallic stage
C) genital stage
D) latency period

Question 53

According to Freud, beginning at about age 3, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ________.

A) genitals
B) anus
C) mouth
D) hands

Question 54

According to Freud, the Oedipus complex (for boys) or Electra complex (for girls) develops during the ________ stage.

A) genital
B) oral
C) anal
D) phallic

Question 55

The anal stage occurs from ________ of age.

A) 18 months to 3 ½ years
B) 6 to 12 years
C) 3 to 6 years
D) birth to 18 months

Question 56

Jung called the mask that covers our inner shell and is the only part of our personality we show to others the ________.

A) animus
B) shadow
C) persona
D) anima

Question 57

Johnny is 8 years old. He likes to play with other little boys, but has no interest in playing with little girls. According to Freud, he is in the ________.

A) phallic stage
B) genital stage
C) oral stage
D) latency period

Question 58

Ralph is a private person. He keeps other people at a distance by putting on a public "face" that is nearly the opposite of his inner, true self. Jung called this public "face" worn by Ralph the ________.

A) persona
B) animus
C) anima
D) shadow

Question 59

Ivan is stingy, obstinate, overly precise, and excessively orderly. In Freud's view, he is probably fixated in the ________ stage.

A) anal
B) genital
C) phallic
D) oral

Question 60

As a child, Ivan threw temper tantrums and was openly rebellious. As an adult, he is messy, unorganized, sloppy, and destructive. In Freud's view, he is fixated in the ________ stage.

A) anal
B) oral
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 61

Jamie is a joiner. She is interested in other people and events going on around her in the world. In Jung's view, she is a(n) ________.

A) introvert
B) irrational individual
C) extravert
D) rational individual

Question 62

Erikson stresses the quality of ________ in personality development.

A) parent-child relationships
B) primary-process thinking
C) stimulus motives
D) sexual motives

Question 63

According to Jung, the blending of all parts of the personality into a harmonious whole is ________.

A) self-efficacy
B) self-realization
C) self-actualization
D) psychological congruence

Question 64

Katie relies primarily on surface perceptions and rarely uses imagination or deeper understanding. According to Jung, she is a(n) ________ person.

A) sensing
B) feeling
C) intuitive
D) thinking

Question 65

Katie is rational and logical, and makes decisions based on facts. According to Jung, she is a(n) ________ person.

A) intuitive
B) perceptive
C) sensing
D) thinking

Question 66

Adler felt that a driving force in shaping personality was overcoming feelings of ________.

A) individualism
B) basic anxiety
C) inhibition
D) inferiority

Question 67

Adler called the individual's attempts to overcome physical weaknesses ________.

A) reciprocity
B) fictional finalism
C) compensation
D) reaction formation

Question 68

Sarah is sensitive to her surroundings, acts tactfully, and has a balanced sense of values. According to Jung, she is a(n) ________ person.

A) perceptive
B) sensing
C) intuitive
D) feeling

Question 69

Horney disagreed with many of Freud's ideas, but particularly those regarding ________.

A) his emphasis on unconscious processes affecting conscious functioning
B) his analysis of women and his emphasis on sexual instincts
C) the importance of early childhood in shaping adult personality
D) the importance of defense mechanisms in protecting the ego from anxiety

Question 70

Freud's personality theory has ________.

A) been completely supported by experimental research
B) never been experimentally tested because its basic concepts are untestable
C) not been supported by any experimental research findings
D) received limited confirmation from experimental research

Question 71

Jung's concept of the "persona" is most similar to our ________.

A) ideal self
B) libido
C) private self
D) public self

Question 72

Adler's emphasis on people's positive social strivings has caused him to be labeled by many psychologists as the "father" of ________ psychology.

A) cognitive
B) social
C) humanistic
D) Gestalt

Question 73

Adler felt that some people become so fixated on their feelings of inadequacy that they develop ________.

A) an inferiority complex
B) a fixation
C) neurotic trends
D) an archetype

Question 74

Jamie is unsociable and lacks confidence in dealing with people. She is more concerned with her own private world than the people and events around her. In Jung's view, she is a(n) ________.

A) rational individual
B) irrational individual
C) extravert
D) introvert

Question 75

Katie sees beyond obvious solutions and facts to consider future possibilities. According to Jung, she is a(n) ________ person.

A) feeling
B) thinking
C) intuitive
D) sensing

Question 76

According to Jung, a person who usually focuses on social life and the external world instead of his or her internal experience is a(n) ________.

A) reducer
B) augmenter
C) introvert
D) extravert

Question 77

A famous psychologist argues that strivings for superiority and perfection are the most important aspects of personality development. This psychologist's views are most similar to those of ________.

A) Carl Jung
B) Alfred Adler
C) Erik Erikson
D) Karen Horney

Question 78

Adler felt that the main shaper of personality was the individual's efforts to overcome ________.

A) internal inhibitions
B) restrictive parents
C) physical weakness
D) the Oedipal conflict

Question 79

For Horney, ________ is a stronger motivating force than is sex.

A) anxiety
B) self-actualization
C) empathy
D) compensation

Question 80

Horney believed that ________ factors are the most important factors shaping personality.

A) unconscious
B) innate
C) sexual
D) social