Deck 14: Nutrition During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Question 1

Which of the following types of physical activity is NOT advised during pregnancy?

A) SCUBA diving
B) Riding a stationary bike
C) Brisk walking
D) Water aerobics

Answer 1

A

Question 2

During pregnancy, it is particularly important to make sure to consume adequate

A) saturated fatty acids.
B) trans fatty acids.
C) cholesterol.
D) essential fatty acids.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Requirements for ______ increase by 50% during pregnancy.

A) folate
B) iron
C) vitamin D
D) pantothenic acid

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A low-birth-weight infant weighs ______ pounds.

A) 6.5 to 7.5
B) 5.5 to 6.5
C) less than 5.5
D) less than 3.5

Question 5

Barb wants to make sure she gets adequate folate during her pregnancy. She should do which of the following?

A) Drink more milk.
B) Eat more ready-to-eat breakfast cereals.
C) Eat more meat.
D) Eat more legumes.

Question 6

The RDA for protein increases by an additional ______ grams per day during pregnancy.

A) 5
B) 15
C) 25
D) 35

Question 7

During the first trimester, a woman should gain ______ pounds.

A) 1 to 2
B) 2 to 4
C) 5 to 9
D) 10 to 14

Question 8

Sue's prepregnancy BMI is 38. Her weight-gain goal should be ______ pounds.

A) 11 to 20
B) 15 to 25
C) 25 to 35
D) 28 to 40

Question 9

Millie's prepregnancy BMI is 18. Her weight gain goal should be ______ pounds.

A) 11 to 20
B) 15 to 25
C) 25 to 35
D) 28 to 40

Question 10

For a woman with a prepregnancy BMI of 22, total pregnancy weight gain should fall within the range of ______ pounds.

A) 11 to 20
B) 15 to 25
C) 25 to 35
D) 28 to 40

Question 11

During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, an average of ______ extra kilocalories per day are needed.

A) 150 - 250
B) 250 - 350
C) 350 - 450
D) 450 - 550

Question 12

Mineral needs generally are increased during pregnancy. All of the following are needed in higher quantities EXCEPT

A) iron.
B) iodine.
C) sodium.
D) zinc.

Question 13

Which trimester is an especially critical period when poor nutrition or drug use can result in birth defects?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third

Question 14

Patricia's physician tells her she needs more folate in her diet during pregnancy. She should do which of the following?

A) Drink orange juice.
B) Eat beef.
C) Eat more cheese.
D) Eat more fish.

Question 15

During the second and third trimesters, pregnant women should gain approximately ______ pound(s) per week.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 16

The organ that nourishes the fetus in the mother's womb is called the

A) ovum.
B) umbilicus.
C) placenta.
D) embryo.

Question 17

The first trimester of pregnancy

A) involves a rapid increase in cell size rather than cell number.
B) is the least critical time during fetal development.
C) is a time of particular importance to avoid nutritional deficiencies and environmental exposures that could harm the fetus.
D) is a time when nutritional deficiencies have little effect on the developing fetus.

Question 18

Preterm infants

A) have minimal nutritional problems.
B) may have problems sucking and swallowing.
C) will almost always die.
D) are born with adequate mineral and fat stores.

Question 19

Extra kilocalories for pregnancy are needed mostly during which trimester(s)?

A) First
B) Second and third
C) Second
D) First and third

Question 20

The duration of pregnancy normally is ______ weeks.

A) 30-34
B) 32-36
C) 35-39
D) 38-42

Question 21

Which of the following is true about lifestyle habits and pregnancy?

A) Repeated intake of four or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting is harmful to the fetus.
B) It is vital that mothers abstain from NutraSweet because the phenylalanine present can cause mental retardation in most babies.
C) Cigarette smoking should be limited to one pack per day.
D) The only risk to the baby when a mother uses cocaine is cocaine addiction.

Question 22

Obesity during pregnancy is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A) high blood pressure.
B) diabetes during pregnancy.
C) a low-birth-weight infant.
D) surgical complications.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT true about the let-down reflex?

A) It is needed to make milk available to the infant.
B) It can be inhibited by anxiety or nervous tension.
C) It is triggered by the release of the hormone estrogen.
D) After a few weeks of lactation, it becomes automatic.

Question 24

The best way for a calcium-deficient pregnant woman to get the calcium she needs is to consume

A) fruits.
B) vegetables.
C) legumes.
D) low-fat milk and cheese.

Question 25

The need for extra iron during pregnancy is greatest during which trimester(s)?

A) First
B) First and second
C) Second
D) Second and third

Question 26

During pregnancy, a woman should follow MyPlate's Daily Food Plan and consume

A) 1-2 cups of calcium-rich foods from the milk and cheese group.
B) 2 ounce equivalents from the meat group.
C) 3 cups of calcium-rich foods from the milk and cheese group.
D) 4 ounce equivalents from the grain group.

Question 27

All of the following are true about dietary supplements during pregnancy EXCEPT

A) overdoses of vitamin B-12 could cause birth defects.
B) overdoses of vitamin A could cause spontaneous abortion.
C) prenatal supplements commonly contain iron and folate.
D) supplements made of distilled fish oil can be a useful source of omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 28

Carol has heartburn during her pregnancy. She should do all of the following EXCEPT

A) eat less fat.
B) lie down after she eats.
C) avoid spicy food.
D) consume liquids between (rather than with) meals.

Question 29

Which of the following is true about lactation?

A) Only about 50 percent of all women can breastfeed.
B) The most significant reason why women do not breastfeed is that they cannot produce enough milk.
C) Some women cannot breastfeed because they do not have big enough breasts.
D) The major reason why women do not breastfeed is lack of information.

Question 30

The hormone that triggers "let down" or milk release is

A) oxytocin.
B) prolactin.
C) estrogen.
D) progesterone.

Question 31

Rachel is pregnant and has morning sickness. She should do all the following EXCEPT

A) eat dry soda crackers upon waking.
B) cook with windows open to dissipate nauseating smells.
C) eat large, less frequent meals.
D) avoid fatty and fried foods.

Question 32

Constipation is a common problem during pregnancy. All the of following practices can be helpful EXCEPT

A) avoiding too much fluid.
B) consuming more dietary fiber.
C) consuming dried fruits such as raisins.
D) engaging in aerobic exercise regularly.

Question 33

Consumption of non-food items such as laundry starch, ice, and dirt is known as

A) hyperemesis.
B) pica.
C) pregnancy-induced hypertension.
D) eclampsia.

Question 34

Which of the following is a federal program for reducing infant mortality by providing nutritional support and counseling?

A) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
B) Nutrition Supplement Program (NSP)
C) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
D) Regional Nutrition Counseling Program (RNCP)

Question 35

All of the following are true about folate and pregnancy EXCEPT

A) folate deficiency in pregnancy is associated with birth defects such as spina bifida.
B) the RDA for folate increases by 50 percent.
C) fortified breakfast cereal is a nutrient-dense source of folate for pregnant women.
D) it is impossible for pregnant women to meet their nutrient needs without supplementation.

Question 36

Most of the extra calcium for pregnancy is needed during which trimester(s)?

A) First
B) Third
C) Second
D) Calcium needs do not increase during pregnancy.

Question 37

During each feeding, human milk changes composition in which of the following ways?

A) carbohydrate increases
B) fat increases
C) minerals decrease
D) protein decreases

Question 38

During pregnancy, symptoms such as high blood pressure, excess protein in the urine, edema, changes in blood clotting, and seizures are associated with a condition called

A) essential hypertension.
B) eclampsia.
C) preeclampsia.
D) secondary hypertension.

Question 39

Low iodide status during the first trimester of pregnancy may lead to

A) hypertension.
B) gestational diabetes.
C) edema.
D) congenital hypothyroidism.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is important for infant feeding?

A) The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life.
B) Breastfeeding has no advantage over formula-feeding, so the latter is the feeding practice of choice.
C) Working mothers should avoid breastfeeding.
D) Cows' milk can be introduced safely when the child is 3 months old.

Question 41

Women who experience infertility related to high levels of testosterone and insulin may have

A) PCOS.
B) SGA.
C) LBW.
D) GDM.

Question 42

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all infants be given ______ IU of vitamin D per day until they are consuming that much from food.

A) 400
B) 200
C) 600
D) 800

Question 43

Breast milk production requires approximately ____ kilocalories per day.

A) 200
B) 400
C) 800
D) 1,000

Question 44

Adequate folate intake for neural tube development is especially important in the ______ trimester.

A) first
B) second
C) third

Question 45

Concerning the infant, two major indicators of a successful pregnancy are: 1) gestation period longer than ______ weeks and 2) birth weight greater than ______ pounds.

A) 40; 7.5
B) 37; 2.5
C) 34; 5.5
D) 37; 5.5

Question 46

A mineral that is especially important for male fertility is

A) zinc.
B) potassium.
C) iron.
D) sodium.

Question 47

Low levels of body fat decrease ______ fertility.

A) both male and female
B) female
C) male
D) neither male nor female

Question 48

To reduce oxidative damage to her eggs, a woman should consume

A) zinc supplements.
B) 3 servings per day of dairy foods.
C) brightly colored fruits and vegetables.
D) beta-carotene supplements.

Question 49

Advantages of breastfeeding include all of the following EXCEPT

A) breast milk provides more vitamin D than infant formula.
B) breastfeeding reduces the risk of food allergies.
C) breast milk provides antibodies while the infant's immune system is still immature.
D) breastfeeding is associated with fewer ear infections.

Question 50

Healthy People 2020 includes a goal of increasing by ______ the number of pregnancies that begin with optimal folate status.

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 51

An infant born at 38 weeks of gestation and weighing 5 pounds is

A) LBW.
B) LBW and SGA.
C) preterm and SGA.
D) preterm and LBW.

Question 52

The hormone that stimulates milk synthesis is

A) estrogen.
B) progesterone.
C) prolactin.
D) oxytocin.

Question 53

Women suffering from chronic alcoholism produce children with a recognizable pattern of malformations called

A) chronic cirrhosis.
B) alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Question 54

Fertility can be impaired by

A) either too little or too much body fat.
B) too much body fat.
C) too little body fat.

Question 55

The U.S. Public Health Service and the March of Dimes recommend that all women of childbearing age should take a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement that contains

A) 400 micrograms of folic acid.
B) 15 milligrams of iron.
C) 500 milligrams of calcium.
D) 40 micrograms of zinc.

Question 56

Match the following terms with the descriptions below.

Question 57

All of the following are barriers to breastfeeding EXCEPT

A) lack of role models.
B) expense.
C) misinformation.
D) fear of appearing immodest.

Question 58

Rich in immune factors, the milk made by the mother's breast during the first few days after birth is

A) prolactin.
B) hindmilk.
C) foremilk.
D) colostrum.

Question 59

Toxicity of ______ is linked to birth defects.

A) vitamin A
B) iron
C) folate
D) vitamin B-12

Question 60

All of the following are advantages of breastfeeding EXCEPT

A) breastfed infants have fewer gastrointestinal infections.
B) breastfed infants have fewer respiratory infections.
C) breast milk is free of environmental contaminants.
D) breastfeeding is less expensive than formula-feeding.

Question 61

Match the following terms with the descriptions below.