Deck 15: Nutrition From Infancy Through Adolescence

Question 1

Mildred is worried about her infant becoming obese in adulthood. Which of the following would NOT be accurate information if you were attempting to counsel her?

A) Fat cells can increase in number during infancy and adulthood.
B) If she limits calories during infancy, the growth of other organ systems may be restricted.
C) Most obese infants become normal weight preschoolers.
D) She should limit her infant's fat intake to 20 percent of his or her total calories to prevent obesity.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

For a girl, undernutrition could be expected to have its greatest effect on height if it occurs

A) before the onset of menses.
B) 2 years after the onset of menses.
C) 1 year after the onset of menses.
D) 3 years after the onset of menses.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

A) There is strong evidence that infant obesity will result in adulthood obesity.
B) Obese infants become obese preschool children.
C) Most overweight infants become normal weight preschoolers.
D) Calories should be restricted for obese infants to levels less than those for normal weight infants.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The most sensitive indicator of long-term nutritional status in a child is

A) weight.
B) height.
C) head circumference.
D) fusion of bone ends.

Question 5

An infant's length will increase by ______ percent in the first year.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 35
D) 50

Question 6

Per kilogram of body weight, at 6 months of age, a child's energy needs are approximately how many times higher than adult needs?

A) 1-2
B) 2-3
C) 2-4
D) 5-6

Question 7

For children 3 years of age and older, the most useful growth charts are

A) BMI-for-age.
B) head circumference and height-for-age.
C) weight-for-height and head circumference.
D) weight-for-age and height-for-age.

Question 8

Human milk provides _______ of kilocalories from protein.

A) 6% to 7%
B) 10% to 15%
C) 9% to 10%
D) >20%

Question 9

Essential fatty acids should make up ______ percent of the total fat intake of infants.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 10

Susie is 3 years old. At her most recent checkup she was at the 20^th percentile for height. This means that she is

A) taller than 19 out of 100 girls her age.
B) shorter than 19 out of 100 girls her age.
C) taller than 20 out of 100 girls her age.
D) taller than 79 out of 100 girls her age.

Question 11

Daily protein needs during infancy vary from ______ grams per day.

A) 5 to 10
B) 9 to 11
C) 15 to 25
D) 0.8 to 0.95

Question 12

Breast milk contains approximately how many kilocalories per quart?

A) 450
B) 570
C) 600
D) 640

Question 13

According to current growth charts, an infant will double his or her birth weight at about ______ months of age.

A) 5
B) 3
C) 2
D) 9

Question 14

Human milk provides approximately ______ percent of kilocalories from fat.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 15

What vitamin routinely is given by injection to all infants at birth?

A) A
B) E
C) K
D) D

Question 16

Brain growth is most rapid in infancy but stops by about what age?

A) 9 months
B) 18 months
C) 24 months
D) 3 years

Question 17

The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during

A) pregnancy.
B) infancy.
C) lactation.
D) childhood.

Question 18

The new WHO growth standards stress that _______________ is the biological norm for infant nutrition.

A) feeding infant formula
B) breastfeeding
C) feeding cows' milk
D) feeding infant formula and cereal

Question 19

Infants require approximately ______ of fluid per day.

A) 1 pint
B) 1 quart
C) 3 cups
D) 8 cups

Question 20

Typically, preterm infants will catch up in growth by ______ of age

A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 2 to 3 years
D) 4 to 5 years

Question 21

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the best age to introduce solid foods into the infant's diet is

A) less than 1 month.
B) 1 to 4 months.
C) 4 to 6 months.
D) over 8 months.

Question 22

Weight gain between the ages of 2 and 5 is about ______ pounds per year.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 23

Iron stores present at birth generally are depleted by ______ months.

A) 1 to 2
B) 4 to 6
C) 6 to 8
D) 8 to 10

Question 24

It is not advised to introduce solid foods to an infant before 4 to 6 months of age because

A) the young infant's GI tract is not mature enough to digest complex carbohydrates and proteins.
B) the young infant's kidney function is limited.
C) the young infant is not able to sufficiently control his head and neck.
D) all of these are reasons to delay the introduction of solid foods until 4 to 6 months of age.

Question 25

The first solid foods usually introduced into an infant's diet are

A) egg whites.
B) pureed meats.
C) pureed fruits.
D) iron-fortified cereals.

Question 26

Infants need fat because it aids in absorption of several vitamins and also helps the ______________ to develop.

A) kidneys
B) nervous system
C) reproductive system
D) skin

Question 27

Most formula products for infants contain

A) lactose, heat-treated cows' milk protein, and vegetable oils.
B) soy protein, glucose, and vegetable oils.
C) fructose and heat-treated cow's milk protein.
D) galactose and vegetable oils.

Question 28

All of the following should be omitted from an infant's diet EXCEPT

A) iron-fortified cereal.
B) low-fat milk.
C) hot dogs.
D) honey.

Question 29

All of the following practices may help to reduce lead exposure EXCEPT

A) using hot instead of cold tap water to prepare foods and beverages.
B) consuming a variety of whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products.
C) allowing cold water to run from the tap for 2 - 3 minutes after a long period of inactivity.
D) ensuring adequate iron, zinc, calcium, thiamin, and vitamin E intakes.

Question 30

Which foods would you suggest adding to the diet of a preschool child who needs increased iron intake?

A) Lean meats
B) Milk
C) Orange juice
D) Egg whites

Question 31

All of the following are indicators of readiness to add solid foods to an infant's diet EXCEPT

A) the infant has head and neck control.
B) the infant is consuming more than 32 ounces of formula or breastfeeding more than 8-10 times per day.
C) the infant is able to put food in his mouth.
D) the infant can sit with support.

Question 32

Preschool children should be encouraged to try new foods. If a child is reluctant to do so, it is best to

A) ask that he or she at least taste it.
B) withhold dessert until what is on the plate is eaten.
C) quietly remove it and never try again.
D) encourage other family members to coax him or her to eat.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is true?

A) Nutritional interventions are useless in the treatment of ASD.
B) Food allergens may contribute to ASD by altering cardiovascular system function.
C) Research shows a causal link between childhood vaccinations and ASD.
D) Autism spectrum disorder can both affect and be affected by nutritional status.

Question 34

Feeding problems may develop during the preschool years partially because of

A) decreased appetite associated with decreased growth rate.
B) increased appetite associated with increased growth rate.
C) increased metabolic rate.
D) increased need for finger foods.

Question 35

Iron-deficiency anemia in the latter part of infancy is associated with

A) a diet containing few solid foods.
B) a diet dominated by commercial infant cereals.
C) medicinal iron supplements.
D) a diet dominated by carbohydrates.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true about snacks for preschool children?

A) They are inappropriate and should be avoided.
B) They are appropriate if timed so that appetite is not impaired at meals.
C) They can assist in introducing children to new foods.
D) They are appropriate if the snack contributes to the total day's nutrient intake.

Question 37

Nutritional interventions under study for their potential to help children with autism spectrum disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

A) probiotics.
B) the gluten-free, casein-free diet.
C) a low-fat diet.
D) omega-3 fatty acid supplements.

Question 38

At age 4 to 6 months, an infant can do all of the following EXCEPT

A) sit up.
B) turn his or her head away when he or she feels full.
C) control tongue thrust.
D) handle finger foods.

Question 39

High-fiber diets are

A) recommended for infants after 4 months of age.
B) recommended for infants after 6 months of age.
C) not recommended for infants.
D) recommended for breastfed infants only.

Question 40

All of the following are true about "nursing bottle syndrome" EXCEPT

A) it is another name for early childhood caries.
B) it is associated with an infant keeping a bottle in his or her mouth while sleeping.
C) it results from the teeth being bathed in carbohydrate-rich fluid.
D) it is associated with not brushing the infant's gums at least 3 times per week.

Question 41

Teenagers are at risk of deficiency in which of the following nutrients?

A) Fats and protein
B) Calcium and folate
C) Calcium and iron
D) Iron and sodium

Question 42

Children will more effectively develop the breakfast-eating habit if

A) they are driven to school so that they have time to eat.
B) parents eat breakfast with them.
C) breakfast is prepared for them to eat while their parents are dressing for work.
D) they are given money to buy breakfast on the way to school.

Question 43

Which of the following is a reliable indicator of generally good nutrition status in young children?

A) The presence of subcutaneous fat
B) Consumption of foods from several groups
C) Regular gains in height and weight
D) The child's interest in a variety of foods

Question 44

Which of the following minerals are most likely to be low in the diets of adolescent girls?

A) Calcium and phosphorus
B) Iron and calcium
C) Magnesium and zinc
D) Iron and phosphorus

Question 45

Research on school-age children clearly shows a positive association between eating breakfast and

A) increased attention span.
B) increased fatigue.
C) meeting daily needs for vitamins and minerals.
D) increased performance in sports.

Question 46

Among children under 3 years of age, the most common food allergy is to

A) eggs.
B) milk.
C) peanuts.
D) shellfish.

Question 47

The adolescent growth spurt

A) begins earlier in boys than girls.
B) begins earlier in girls than boys.
C) decreases energy and nutrient needs.
D) begins at the same age for boys and girls.

Question 48

For the more than 30% of school-age children who are overweight or obese, experts generally recommend

A) severe caloric restriction.
B) limiting physical activity to avoid stressing the joints.
C) early diabetes and cholesterol screening.
D) bariatric surgery.

Question 49

Approximately what percentage of obese children become obese adults?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a common food allergen?

A) Eggs
B) Corn
C) Nuts
D) Seafood

Question 51

All of the following are characteristics of food allergies EXCEPT

A) they are a disorder of the immune system.
B) they are most frequently linked to milk, eggs, nuts, or wheat.
C) once they develop, they are always permanent.
D) they can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Question 52

Federally funded programs, such as TEAM Nutrition, promote

A) good dental hygiene.
B) a vegetarian lifestyle.
C) total avoidance of fats and sweets.
D) early development of healthy eating and exercise habits.

Question 53

Which of the following is an appropriate feeding philosophy for children?

A) Parents should be responsible for choosing how much and when the child should eat.
B) Parents should present a variety of nutritious food choices and avoid making the dinner table into a battleground.
C) Children should be forced to eat what is good for them.
D) Parents should present nutritious food choices and not worry about their own eating habits.

Question 54

Among adults, the most common food allergy is to

A) eggs.
B) milk.
C) peanuts.
D) shellfish.

Question 55

Approximately what percentage of obese adolescents become obese adults?

A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 80%
D) 90%

Question 56

All of the following are recommended to help preschoolers eat vegetables EXCEPT

A) show the child that you like vegetables.
B) promise dessert when vegetables are eaten.
C) offer new vegetables with familiar foods.
D) serve vegetables undercooked and crunchy.

Question 57

Which of the following is true about teens and vegetable consumption?

A) Most teens generally get all of their vegetable requirements on a daily basis.
B) Most of a teen's vegetable intake is from pizza sauce.
C) Potato chips and French fries make up more than one-third of the vegetable intake of teens.
D) Vegetable nutrients are not important during teenage development.

Question 58

Today, most females reach their full height

A) by the onset of menses.
B) within 7 months of the onset of menses.
C) within 5 years after the onset of menses.
D) by the age of 13.

Question 59

An adverse reaction to a food that does not involve the immune system is

A) a food allergy.
B) a food intolerance.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) a food deterrence.

Question 60

The nutrient needs of preschool children are relatively great, so it may be important to

A) serve high-fat foods.
B) provide megadose vitamin supplements.
C) withhold liquids until after meals.
D) serve snacks daily in addition to meals.

Question 61

In the short-term, gains in ______ are a good indicator of nutritional status. The best indicator of long-term nutritional status in a child is gains in ______.

A) weight; head circumference
B) weight; height
C) height; head circumference
D) height; weight

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT recommended for reducing lead absorption?

A) Gluten-free, casein-free diet
B) Adequate iron status
C) Moderate fat intake
D) Adequate calcium status

Question 63

Infants receive a dose of vitamin K at birth to

A) support immune function.
B) promote bone health.
C) reduce risk of hemorrhage.
D) reduce risk of blood clots.

Question 64

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all infants should receive dietary supplements of ______ until they take in this much from food sources.

A) 3 milligrams of zinc
B) 400 IU of vitamin D
C) 11 milligrams of iron
D) 500 milligrams of calcium

Question 65

According to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to increase his or her birth length by ______ in 1 year.

A) 50%
B) 25%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 66

Freddie is 8 months old and weighs 9 kilograms. He needs about ______ grams of protein per day.

A) 11
B) 9
C) 15
D) 21

Question 67

According to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to ______ his or her birth weight by 1 year of age.

A) triple
B) double
C) quadruple

Question 68

Mild deficiencies of zinc in children in the United States have been linked to

A) childhood obesity.
B) eating disorders.
C) enlarged head circumference.
D) short stature.

Question 69

The treatment of childhood obesity involves all the following EXCEPT

A) increasing the activity level.
B) moderation of energy intake.
C) reducing dietary sugar and fat.
D) a restrictive weight-loss diet.

Question 70

Foreign proteins that cause adverse reactions in the body are called

A) anaphylaxins.
B) albumins.
C) antibodies.
D) antigens.

Question 71

In the United States, approximately _____ percent of school-age children are overweight or obese.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 50

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT true about snacks?

A) Children should not be allowed to snack between meals because it reduces appetite.
B) Healthy snack choices help children to meet their high caloric requirements.
C) Snacks should be viewed as small, nutrient-dense meals.
D) Distractions should be limited while snacking to prevent mindless eating.

Question 73

Children on the autism spectrum are at risk for nutritional deficiencies because

A) they are prone to picky eating behaviors.
B) they commonly experience GI problems, such as diarrhea.
C) they may be placed on overly-restrictive diets in an attempt to treat their disorder.
D) All of these are reasons these children are at risk.

Question 74

In general, preterm infants can be expected to reach normal height and weight within

A) 1 year.
B) 4 months
C) 2 years.
D) 6 months.

Question 75

All of the following are recommended to reduce risk of early childhood caries EXCEPT

A) allow children to drink continuously from sippy cups throughout the day.
B) avoid putting infants to bed with a bottle.
C) avoid providing juice in a bottle.
D) wean from bottle to cup by 1 year of age.