Question 1

The primary focus of the biopsychosocial model is&#10;A)Heritability of psychiatric disorders&#10;B)Domains of functioning&#10;C)Abnormalities of neurotransmission&#10;D)Abnormalities of systems and circuits

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model emphasizes that mental health issues arise from complex interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors. Therefore, the primary focus is on identifying the domains of functioning that may be contributing to the development or maintenance of mental health concerns. While abnormalities of neurotransmission and systems/circuits may be relevant to these domains, they are not the primary focus of the biopsychosocial model. Heritability is also a factor, but again, it is just one piece of the larger puzzle of understanding mental health.

Question 2

Freud's drive theory proposes that individuals are motivated by&#10;A)Basic drives for survival and reproduction.&#10;B)Need to reduce anxiety.&#10;C)Need to resolve interpersonal conflicts.&#10;D)Basic drives for altruism.

Accepted Answer

Freud's drive theory states that individuals are motivated by basic drives for survival (such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire) and reproduction. This concept is also known as the pleasure principle, where individuals seek pleasure and avoid pain. The other options are not part of Freud's drive theory.

Question 3

It is believed that recovery can be promoted in children by all of the following except&#10;A)Teaching problem-solving skills&#10;B)Providing social support&#10;C)Limiting challenging experiences&#10;D)Providing structure to daily life

Accepted Answer

Limiting challenging experiences would not necessarily promote recovery in children. It is important for children to learn problem-solving skills, receive social support, and have structure in their daily lives to aid in their recovery.

Question 4

In a cantilevered model of needs such as Hansell's model,&#10;A)Basic needs must be met first&#10;B)There is a hierarchy of needs&#10;C)Each need supports all other needs&#10;D)Self-actualization is the last need to be met

Accepted Answer

Hansell's cantilevered model of needs suggests that each need supports all other needs, unlike hierarchical models where needs must be satisfied in a specific order.

Question 5

Brain plasticity,which refers to the brain's capacity to change in response to an event,&#10;A)Is the same for all individuals&#10;B)Involves physical changes of the brain&#10;C)Is absent in older adults&#10;D)Is independent of genetic influence

Accepted Answer

Brain plasticity involves physical changes in the brain, such as the formation of new neural connections and the strengthening or weakening of existing connections. This process allows the brain to adapt to new experiences and learn new skills. It is not the same for all individuals, can occur in older adults, and can be influenced by genetics.

Question 6

Early attachment experiences are transformed into inner working models of the self and mother by age&#10;A)7 years&#10;B)5 years&#10;C)3 years&#10;D)1 year

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early attachment experiences are transformed into inner...

Question 7

Which attachment pattern is more likely to be found among children who have been abused?&#10;A)Secure&#10;B)Inhibited&#10;C)Disorganized&#10;D)Avoidant

Accepted Answer

Children who have experienced abuse or neglect are more likely to develop a disorganized attachment pattern, as the traumatic experiences they have gone through can disrupt the usual development of attachment. This disorganized pattern is characterized by a lack of consistent and predictable behavior in response to the caregiver's presence or absence. Inhibited (also known as anxious-resistant) attachment is more commonly seen in children who have experienced inconsistent parenting, while avoidant attachment is associated with parental rejection or neglect. The secure attachment pattern is the ideal attachment style, characterized by a trusting and secure relationship with the caregiver.

Question 8

Nobel Prize winner Eric Kandel demonstrated that the brain&#10;A)Is plastic before birth but becomes hard-wired at birth&#10;B)Has plasticity and can change during the first 3 years of life&#10;C)Has plasticity that allows it to make new connections in response to learning&#10;D)Is unable to make new connections after age 26

Accepted Answer

Eric Kandel's research showed that the brain has plasticity throughout life, meaning it can make new connections in response to learning and experiences. This process is called neuroplasticity and is crucial for growth and development, as well as recovery from brain injury.

Question 9

The primary relevance of Bowlby's attachment theory for psychiatric advanced practice nurses is that&#10;A)Toddlers develop primitive defense mechanisms such as denial.&#10;B)Toddlers develop an inner working model of how adults will respond to them.&#10;C)Toddlers face the psychosocial task of autonomy versus shame.&#10;D)Toddlers develop a fear of engulfment and enmeshment.

Accepted Answer

Bowlby's attachment theory posits that children develop an internal model of how adults respond to their needs based on their early experiences with caregivers. This internal working model then shapes their expectations and behaviors in future relationships. As psychiatric advanced practice nurses work with individuals and families, understanding the impact of early attachment experiences can inform their treatment approach and interventions.

Question 10

According to psychosocial developmental theory,in the recently described &#34;ninth age of man,&#34; beyond the life cycle,&#10;A)There are no further tasks to accomplish.&#10;B)The tasks that are the most important are generative versus stagnation.&#10;C)There is an emphasis on intimacy versus isolation.&#10;D)Tasks include overcoming life transitions.

Accepted Answer

The "ninth age of man" suggests that development continues beyond the previously described stages, focusing on overcoming life transitions and adapting to new challenges in later life.

Question 11

Temperament-a genetically influenced early form of personality-describes an infant's pattern of central nervous system responses and behaviors.Among the different types of temperament,which one is associated with more impairment of brain functioning and,in the absence of positive,nurturing parenting,is a risk factor for later development of psychiatric disorders?

A)Easy
B)Slow-to-warm-up/inhibited
C)Mixed
D)Difficult

Accepted Answer

The answer of Temperament-a genetically influenced early form of personality-describes...

Deck 1: Theoretical Framework of Practice