Question 1

Which structure of the brain is involved in learning,processing information into memories,and assigning the time and the place to memories?&#10;A)Hippocampus&#10;B)Olfactory bulb&#10;C)Limbic system&#10;D)Occipital lobe

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a small structure in the limbic system that plays a crucial role in learning and memory formation. It processes information from short-term memory and assigns it to long-term memory, as well as assigning the time and place to memories. The olfactory bulb is involved in processing smell and is not directly linked to memory. The limbic system is involved in emotion regulation, but the hippocampus performs the specific function mentioned in the question. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing and is not involved in memory formation.

Question 2

The function of this brain structure was formerly believed to be limited to maintaining balance and learning motor skills but is now believed to be involved in learning and emotions and may be involved in autism.It is the

A)Cerebellum
B)Insula
C)Corpus callosum
D)Pons

Cerebellum

Accepted Answer

While the pons plays a role in regulating breathing and sleep, the corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain, and the insula is involved in processes such as pain perception and emotion regulation, it is the cerebellum that was formerly believed to have limited functions related to balance and motor skills but is now recognized as involved in learning, emotion regulation, and potentially autism.

Question 3

The principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is&#10;A)Gamma-aminobuytric acid (GABA)&#10;B)Serotonin&#10;C)Glutamate&#10;D)Acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and is known as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter. It plays a critical role in many aspects of neuronal function, such as learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity.

Question 4

The brain structure that is believed to have a gating/filtering function and is the area of the brain through which all sensory information passes en route to various cortical areas is which of the following:

A)Brainstem
B)Reticular activating system
C)Thalamus
D)Hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The thalamus is the brain structure that is believed to have a gating/filtering function and is the area of the brain through which all sensory information passes en route to various cortical areas. The brainstem, reticular activating system, and hypothalamus are all involved in various other functions such as regulating basic life-sustaining processes, arousal, and attention, respectively.

Question 5

Which area of the brain is a very primitive in terms of evolution and is involved in swallowing,arousal,and breathing?&#10;A)Parietal lobe&#10;B)Insula&#10;C)Cerebellum&#10;D)Brainstem

Accepted Answer

The brainstem is the area of the brain that is very primitive in terms of evolution and is involved in physiological functions such as swallowing, arousal, and breathing. The other choices, parietal lobe, insula, and cerebellum, are not primarily involved in these functions.

Question 6

On mental status examination,the patient's thoughts reveal lack of directedness,excessive details,and difficulty with closure.This pattern is called&#10;A)Concrete thinking&#10;B)Circumstantiality&#10;C)Perseveration&#10;D)Thought blocking

Accepted Answer

Circumstantiality is a pattern of speech or thought in which the patient has difficulty getting to the point and providing excessive detail, though eventually, they do reach a conclusion. This is in contrast to tangentiality, another thought disorder, in which the patient goes off on tangents and does not reach a conclusion. Concrete thinking is the inability to think abstractly, perseveration is the repetition of words or phrases, and thought blocking is the sudden interruption of a thought process.

Question 7

Which one of the following is not one of the meninges,the three layers that cover the brain?&#10;A)Arachnoid&#10;B)Pia&#10;C)Reticular formation&#10;D)Dura

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is not one of the meninges. The meninges consists of three layers: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Question 8

This area of the brain is called a system and is made up of the rim of the medial (innermost)portions of the frontal,parietal,and temporal lobes and overlies the brainstem.It is involved with emotions and is referred to as the

A)Ventricular system
B)Limbic system
C)Reticular activating system
D)Blood-brain barrier system

Accepted Answer

The description matches the limbic system, which is involved with emotions and is located in the medial portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. The other options are not related to emotions or located in the described area of the brain.

Question 9

On evaluation,the patient appears to be having difficulty with working memory,planning,and insight into his problems.The psychiatric advanced practice nurse recognizes that these symptoms are associated with problems with the

A)Frontal lobe
B)Temporal lobe
C)Parietal lobe
D)Occipital lobe

Accepted Answer

The symptoms mentioned are associated with problems in the frontal lobe, which is responsible for working memory, planning, and insight into one's problems. The temporal lobe is responsible for auditory processing and memory, the parietal lobe for processing sensory input, and the occipital lobe for visual processing.

Question 10

Which of the lobes of the brain is primarily involved in auditory hallucinations?&#10;A)Occipital lobe&#10;B)Parietal lobe&#10;C)Frontal lobe&#10;D)Temporal lobe

Accepted Answer

The temporal lobe is primarily involved in auditory processing and interpretation, making it the lobe most commonly associated with auditory hallucinations.

Question 11

Which of the following structures provides for communication between the two hemispheres of the brain?&#10;A)Lateral ventricle&#10;B)Basal ganglia&#10;C)Corpus callosum&#10;D)Hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following structures provides for...

Question 12

Which of these brain structures puts emotional meaning on a stimulus,forms emotional memories,and is involved with rage and fear?&#10;A)Hippocampus&#10;B)Temporal lobe&#10;C)Amygdala&#10;D)Midbrain

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these brain structures puts emotional...

Deck 2: Neurobiological Theory of Psychiatric Disorders: Brain Functioning,brain Development and Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Disrupting Brain Development