Deck 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

_____ is the second leading cause of disability worldwide.

A)Depression
B)Generalized anxiety
C)Schizophrenia
D)Substance use disorder

Answer 1

Depression

Question 2

Which factor is NOT an attitudinal barrier to treatment?

A)believing that treatment is ineffective
B)thinking that one can handle the problem on one's own
C)difficulty finding effective services for one's problem
D)feeling stigmatized by others

Answer 2

difficulty finding effective services for one's problem

Question 3

To become a practicing social worker,a person needs a:

A)bachelor's degree in psychology or sociology.
B)bachelor's degree in any social science.
C)master's degree in social work.
D)PhD in sociology.

Answer 3

master's degree in social work.

Question 4

A mental health professional who is a medical doctor is a:

A)psychologist.
B)counseling psychologist.
C)psychiatric social worker.
D)psychiatrist.

Question 5

Which statement does NOT describe a barrier to seeking treatment for a mental disorder?

A)Many people think that mental problems can be solved by "mind over matter."
B)Families sometimes discourage their relatives from seeking help.
C)Many people don't know where to look for services.
D)Individuals often feel they need help in handling their problem.

Question 6

Marjorie is graduating with a bachelor's degree in psychology.She wants to become a clinical psychologist.Which statement regarding Marjorie's education is TRUE?

A)Marjorie requires no more education to be a clinical psychologist but must pass province licensing boards.
B)Marjorie still needs approximately 2 years of graduate school.
C)Marjorie still needs approximately 5 years of graduate school.
D)Marjorie still needs approximately 6 years of medical school.

Question 7

Joyce does not know exactly what is wrong with her,but she feels as though she is going out of her mind.She googled mental health services in her city but was overwhelmed and confused by all of the treatment options and whether or not they accepted her insurance.As a result,she did not seek treatment for some time,illustrating which barrier to treatment?

A)motivational
B)attitudinal
C)cognitive
D)structural

Question 8

About _____% of Canadians suffer from a psychological disorder over the course of their lifetime

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50

Question 9

Anya's depression is beginning to affect her relationships with friends and family,and her grades at school are suffering.Anya's doctor prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to treat her depression.Anya's doctor probably is a:

A)psychologist.
B)social worker.
C)counselor.
D)psychiatrist.

Question 10

A recent study found that only _____% of Canadians diagnosed with a serious mental disorder that substantially interferes with major life activities received treatment in the past year.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Question 11

An interaction between a socially sanctioned clinician and a client,with the goal of support for the client or relief from the client's psychological problem,is called:

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)behaviour therapy.
C)psychotherapy.
D)psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Question 12

Which statement about seeking help for treatment of a psychological disorder is FALSE?

A)People may not realize they have a disorder that can be treated.
B)Finding a service provider can be confusing.
C)Most people who seek help obtain the most effective treatment.
D)Treatment facilities might not have adequate staffing to meet the needs of the community.

Question 13

In general,therapies for psychological disorders can be divided into _____ and _____ treatments.

A)medical;psychoanalytic
B)psychological;biological
C)biological;counseling
D)psychotherapy;sociological

Question 14

Which mental health professional has the MOST training in dealing with people in dire life situations such as poverty,homelessness,or family conflict?

A)a psychologist
B)a psychiatrist
C)a counselor
D)a social worker

Question 15

A therapist who uses different techniques and theories based on the need of the client and the diagnosis could be referred to as a(n)_____ therapist.

A)eclectic
B)cognitive behavioural
C)Gestalt
D)humanistic

Question 16

Fiora is a young professional struggling with depression.She has yet to seek treatment.Based on statistics of people like her,if asked why she is not seeking treatment,she would MOST likely respond:

A)"I didn't realize that I had a problem."
B)"There isn't an effective treatment for my issues."
C)"Treatment will interfere with my work schedule."
D)"I can handle this on my own."

Question 17

Therapists who explore childhood to assist clients in developing insight into their psychological problems are using the _____ orientation.

A)eclectic
B)humanistic
C)psychodynamic
D)cognitive

Question 18

A mental health professional with a PsyD degree is a:

A)psychologist.
B)psychiatrist.
C)counselor.
D)social worker.

Question 19

The average time from the onset of a mental disorder to receiving treatment for it is:

A)about 3 months.
B)about 1 year.
C)about 3 years.
D)over a decade.

Question 20

Dr.Williams received her PhD in clinical psychology.Dr.Williams is a:

A)psychologist.
B)social worker.
C)psychiatrist.
D)counselor.

Question 21

Humanistic and existential therapies grew in opposition to which other theoretical orientation?

A)cognitive
B)behavioural
C)psychodynamic
D)the medical model

Question 22

Psychoanalysts do NOT use _____ to access the unconscious.

A)analysis of resistance
B)free association
C)desensitization
D)dream analysis

Question 23

_____ refers to openness and honesty in the therapeutic relationship and ensuring that the therapist communicates the same message at all levels.

A)Empathy
B)Unconditional positive regard
C)Congruence
D)Mindfulness

Question 24

A person-centred therapist does NOT utilize:

A)cognitive restructuring.
B)unconditional positive regard.
C)congruence.
D)empathy.

Question 25

_____ occurs when an analyst begins to assume a major significance in a client's life and the client reacts to the analyst on the basis of unconscious childhood fantasies.

A)Resistance
B)Regression
C)Transference
D)Projection

Question 26

Which therapy assumes that everyone has a tendency towards growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist?

A)person-centred
B)interpersonal
C)cognitive behavioural
D)Gestalt

Question 27

What is the term for a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material?

A)blocking
B)regression
C)resistance
D)displacement

Question 28

A primary goal of psychodynamic therapy is to have clients:

A)develop systems of rewards and punishments to aid in behavioural management.
B)recognize faulty patterns of thinking.
C)project their feelings for a loved one onto the therapist.
D)develop insight into how childhood events contribute to their psychological problems.

Question 29

Talking about anything and everything that comes into your mind is an example of:

A)analysis of resistance.
B)free association.
C)introspection.
D)interpretation.

Question 30

Psychodynamic psychotherapy has its roots in Freud's theory of:

A)sexuality.
B)personality.
C)cognitive development.
D)moral intuition.

Question 31

_____ developed person-centred therapy.

A)Aaron Beck
B)Melanie Klein
C)Carl Rogers
D)Frederick Perls

Question 32

The process by which the psychoanalyst deciphers the unconscious meaning underlying what the client says and does is termed:

A)transference.
B)sublimation.
C)introspection.
D)interpretation.

Question 33

Humanistic and existential therapies share the assumption that psychological problems stem from:

A)feelings of alienation and loneliness.
B)early childhood experiences.
C)an external locus of control.
D)overuse of defence mechanisms.

Question 34

_____ is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships.

A)Psychosocial therapy
B)Interpersonal psychotherapy
C)Sociodynamic psychotherapy
D)Person-centred therapy

Question 35

The type of therapy that has the goals of helping clients become aware of their own thoughts,behaviours,feelings,and experiences and helping clients "own" or take responsibility for them is _____ therapy.

A)cognitive behavioural
B)humanistic
C)psychodynamic
D)Gestalt

Question 36

The idea of focusing treatment on the client's behaviour instead of the client's unconscious was inspired by:

A)behaviourism.
B)humanism.
C)functionalism.
D)existentialism.

Question 37

Interest in humanistic and existential therapies peaked in the:

A)1950s.
B)1970s.
C)1990s.
D)2000s.

Question 38

Treating a client with _____ involves providing a nonjudgmental,warm,and accepting environment in which the client can feel safe expressing thoughts and feelings.

A)empathy
B)unconditional positive regard
C)congruence
D)mindfulness

Question 39

Striving to see the world from the client's perspective demonstrates:

A)empathy.
B)unconditional positive regard.
C)congruence.
D)mindfulness.

Question 40

In person-centred therapy,the therapist does not typically provide advice due to the belief that the client can and will recognize the right thing to do.This approach is described as:

A)flexible.
B)nondirective.
C)self-actualizing.
D)self-aware.

Question 41

Which therapy assumes that disordered behaviour is learned and that relief of symptoms is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviours into more constructive behaviours?

A)conditioning
B)classical
C)behaviour
D)humanistic

Question 42

Research has found that mindfulness meditation is helpful for:

A)controlling hallucinations and delusions in people with schizophrenia.
B)preventing relapse in depression.
C)shortening manic periods associated with bipolar disorder.
D)eliminating phobias.

Question 43

Which statement about cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)is FALSE?

A)Clients are told exactly why a particular treatment has been chosen.
B)CBT is focused on solving specific problems that clients have.
C)Clients' only responsibility is to show up for each therapy session on time.
D)Clients may be asked to engage in activities or practice skills outside of the therapy setting.

Question 44

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)is similar to traditional psychoanalysis in that:

A)clients and analysts sit facing each other during ITP.
B)analysts using IPT do not attempt to foster insight into the unconscious.
C)IPT is less intensive than is traditional psychoanalysis.
D)IPT focuses more on improving current relationships than does traditional psychoanalysis.

Question 45

In their interactions with clients,person-centred therapists are encouraged to demonstrate three basic qualities-_____,_____,and _____-in order for growth to occur.

A)congruence;directive listening;empathy
B)congruence;empathy;unconditional positive regard
C)caring;positive regard;love
D)unconditional positive regard;sympathy;genuineness

Question 46

Therapies involving operant conditioning typically manipulate:

A)expectancies for behaviour.
B)the consequences of behaviour.
C)the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus.
D)patterns of maladaptive thinking that give rise to problem behaviour.

Question 47

A term that is NOT used to describe cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)is:

A)problem focused.
B)action oriented.
C)person centred.
D)transparent.

Question 48

MOST therapists working to treat anxiety and depression use:

A)interpersonal psychotherapy.
B)behaviour therapy.
C)cognitive therapy.
D)cognitive behavioural therapy.

Question 49

_____ therapy focuses only on the client's behaviour and the situation,whereas _____ therapy focuses on helping a client identify and correct distorted thinking.

A)Behaviour;aversion
B)Socio-behaviour;rational psychodynamic
C)Behaviour;cognitive
D)Gestalt;cognitive

Question 50

In which cognitive therapy technique are people taught to be fully present in each moment and to be aware of their thoughts,feelings,and sensations in order to detect symptoms before they become a problem?

A)cognitive restructuring
B)self-monitoring
C)mindfulness meditation
D)rational emotive

Question 51

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)is NOT similar to traditional psychoanalysis in that:

A)one goal of IPT is insight.
B)IPT accepts the theoretical view that unconscious processes can manifest themselves in psychological problems.
C)IPT analysts believe that transference can occur during therapy.
D)clients lie on couches and face away from the ITP analyst.

Question 52

When 538 Canadian psychotherapists were surveyed about their theoretical orientation in 2009-2010,the MOST common response (40%)was _____ therapy.

A)psychodynamic/relational
B)cognitive behavioural
C)humanistic
D)integrative/eclectic

Question 53

A psychoanalyst would NOT be interested in helping clients understand their:

A)innate drives.
B)defence mechanisms.
C)tendency towards personal growth.
D)early childhood experiences.

Question 54

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)differs from traditional psychoanalysis in that:

A)IPT is a form of group therapy.
B)IPT focuses on shared unconscious dynamics in the collective unconscious.
C)analysts using IPT are more likely to offer support or advice to the client.
D)analysts using IPT do not regard insight as a goal of therapy.

Question 55

Which statement about computerized or smartphone-based psychotherapies is TRUE?

A)They are behaviourally based and,for the most part,ignore cognition.
B)They lack the transparency of cognitive behavioural therapy.
C)There is little research on treatment effectiveness.
D)They are now more commonly used than face-to-face psychotherapies in treating anxiety and depression.

Question 56

Fritz Perls and his colleagues developed _____ therapy.

A)exposure
B)humanistic
C)existential
D)Gestalt

Question 57

Over _____ forms of psychotherapy currently exist.

A)10
B)100
C)500
D)1,000

Question 58

Which therapy focuses on understanding and changing the client's meaning,assumptions,and beliefs about self,others,or the world?

A)psychodynamic
B)behaviour
C)cognitive
D)humanistic

Question 59

The technique,frequently used by cognitive therapists,of teaching clients to question the automatic beliefs,assumptions,and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace them with more realistic beliefs is called:

A)cognitive dissonance.
B)cognitive restructuring.
C)mindfulness meditation.
D)cognitive plasticity.

Question 60

Research suggests that which aspect of psychodynamic therapy may actually be harmful?

A)analysis of resistance
B)analysis of transference
C)interpretation of dreams
D)deriving themes from free association

Question 61

Psychodynamic approaches to therapy emphasize _____;humanistic and existential approaches emphasize _____.

A)unconscious drives;the effect of the past on current feelings
B)psychosexual urges;learned behaviour
C)a negative view of human nature;a positive view
D)the id and superego;the ego

Question 62

Every time Jack's therapist suggests that his problems in trusting females in romantic relationships might stem from early childhood conflicts with his mother,Jack changes the subject and begins discussing something else.Jack is demonstrating:

A)resistance.
B)free association.
C)transference.
D)censoring.

Question 63

Jean-Luc has a fear of the dentist.He is taken to the dentist's office every week for a month.Each time,he stays a bit longer and realizes that it is not such a scary place.Jean-Luc's therapist is using which behaviour therapy?

A)aversion
B)exposure
C)operant
D)interpersonal

Question 64

Every time Sophie reads a book,she gets a sticker.When she gets 10 stickers,her parents take her to her favourite restaurant.Sophie's parents are using a(n):

A)token economy.
B)antecedent manipulation.
C)cognitive behavioural therapy.
D)exposure therapy.

Question 65

The irrational belief "I must be perfect" might be expected to MOST often produce the emotional response of:

A)anger.
B)anxiety.
C)depression.
D)embarassment.

Question 66

Why do psychoanalysts focus on early childhood experiences?

A)Urges and conflicts were likely to be repressed at this time.
B)These experiences are not distorted by defence mechanisms.
C)Doing so puts the client into a meditative state in which the unconscious can be directly accessed.
D)It is at this point that the trajectory towards personal growth and self-actualization begins.

Question 67

Cognitive restructuring seeks to replace irrational beliefs about the world with _____ beliefs about the world.

A)optimistic
B)accurate
C)nihilistic
D)emotionless

Question 68

Lindsay has obsessions about contamination and washes her hands hundreds of times per day.During therapy,Lindsay is asked to get her hands dirty on purpose and then leave them dirty for several hours.This is an example of:

A)the use of punishment to reduce the undesirable behaviour of hand washing.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)exposure therapy with response prevention.

Question 69

Patients in a drug rehabilitation program earn vouchers that can be exchanged for items such as movie tickets,restaurant gift cards,clothes,or bus tickets when they submit a clean urine sample.The program is using a(n):

A)token economy.
B)antecedent manipulation.
C)cognitive behavioural therapy.
D)exposure therapy.

Question 70

During exposure therapy,participants are exposed to more frightening situations:

A)at the beginning of therapy in order to expose them to their fear.
B)only using imagination therapy due to ethical considerations.
C)unpredictably,to better mimic real-world conditions.
D)only after participants no long fear less intense situations.

Question 71

Elana has just begun traditional psychoanalysis.She probably will receive therapy sessions:

A)once a week for at least 1 year.
B)once a month for a number of years.
C)multiple times per week for several months.
D)multiple times per week for a number of years.

Question 72

The primary reason why behavioural therapists rejected the psychoanalytic approach is that psychoanalysis:

A)did not focus on cognitive mechanisms underlying behavioural problems.
B)involves years of therapy.
C)is rarely is effective.
D)involves invisible mental properties that are particularly hard to test.

Question 73

Operant conditioning procedures focus on changing behaviour using:

A)systematic desensitization.
B)positive reinforcement only.
C)reinforcement and punishment.
D)learned associations between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.

Question 74

Barry consults a therapist.The therapist asks him to lie down on a couch,while the therapist sits behind him.He is told to talk about anything that comes into his mind or his feelings.Barry is probably seeing which kind of therapist?

A)interpersonal
B)psychoanalytic
C)CBT
D)humanistic

Question 75

The irrational belief "I'm a loser and always will be a loser" might be expected to MOST often produce the emotional response of:

A)anger.
B)anxiety.
C)depression.
D)embarassment.

Question 76

Dr.Martin uses systematic desensitization to help persons overcome phobias,cognitive restructuring to help alleviate the symptoms of depression,and free association to help people gain insight into their unconscious.Dr.Martin takes a(n)_____ approach to psychotherapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)eclectic
C)cognitive
D)behavioural

Question 77

Psychoanalysts believe that transference is:

A)a hindrance to therapy and should be avoided.
B)useful in providing insight into the client's relationships.
C)useful in helping clients better interpret their dreams.
D)the end goal of interpersonal therapy.

Question 78

Which statement about person-centred therapy is FALSE?

A)Clients determine their own goals for therapy.
B)Therapists provide frequent suggestions about how to reach clients' goals.
C)Clients determine the frequency and duration of treatment.
D)Therapists demonstrate empathy towards clients.

Question 79

Adam consistently experienced stress in social situations.He worried that everyone thought he was different and that no one liked him.Adam's therapist taught him to focus on each situation as unique,and instead of focusing on his surroundings and others,to focus on being aware of what he was feeling and to stop his negative thinking before it led him to become anxious.Adam learned which technique for dealing with his stress?

A)cognitive restructuring
B)mindfulness meditation
C)systematic desensitization
D)self-actualization

Question 80

Exposure therapy is based on:

A)principles of reinforcement and punishment.
B)habituation and response extinction.
C)response blocking.
D)principles of reinforcement.