Deck 14: Personality

Question 1

Pablo enjoys work that involves finding a single right answer.He rarely sees any need to test an approach that works and is uncomfortable when asked to do something that is not already in his intellectual or emotional repertoires.He prefers simplicity in his everyday life and doesn't understand why anyone would invest large amounts of time or money in art or music,because to him neither serves any true purpose.Based on this information and relying on the Five Factor model,we can say that Pablo would be most likely to score low in

A) agreeableness.
B) neuroticism.
C) openness.
D) conscientiousness.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Quentin recently went on a date with a woman who made negative generalizations about men.Quentin knows that most of the things his date says about "all men" are not true of him at all.By the end of the date Quentin has decided he will not be going out with this woman again.The next week Quentin goes on another date,this time with a woman who thanks him for opening the door into the restaurant and says she really appreciates how polite he is with their server.Quentin likes the second woman far more than the first,partly because she sees him as he sees himself.In other words,she provides Quentin with

A) self-verification.
B) self-actualization.
C) an internal locus of control.
D) self-efficacy.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Cerys has read all the books on mythology in his school's library and is intrigued by how the stories all seem to have similar elements and themes.In each story there is a hero and a villain,a damsel in distress,a wise old man or woman to guide the hero,and a funny sidekick.Jung would tell Cerys that the hero,the villain,the wise mentor,the love interest,and the sidekick are all patterns of interpreting experience called

A) archetypes.
B) object relations.
C) psychodynamics.
D) mandalas.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social grace.She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets,regardless of whether the setting is the classroom,her workplace,a restaurant,or her own home.Based on this information and relying on the Five Factor model,we can say that she would be most likely to score high in

A) agreeableness.
B) neuroticism.
C) openness.
D) conscientiousness.

Question 5

Sigmund Freud's mother was significantly younger than his father,and because she believed Sigmund was special she doted on him.He adored her and felt jealous of the "grown-up" sorts of attention she paid his father.As an adult,Sigmund wrote that his father was a tyrant and he fantasized about taking his father's place in his mother's life.This suggests that Sigmund Freud actually had a/an

A) Electra complex.
B) malfunctioning set of defense mechanisms.
C) oral fixation.
D) Oedipus complex.

Question 6

Cerys has read all the books on mythology in his school's library and he has become intrigued by how the stories all seem to have similar elements and themes.In each story there is a hero and a villain,a damsel in distress,a wise old man or woman to guide the hero,and a funny sidekick.Jung would tell Cerys that the commonalities are there because the stories' creators were all tapping the

A) collective unconscious.
B) personal fable.
C) imaginary audience.
D) personal unconscious.

Question 7

Venice enjoys spending time alone.As much as she values her time with her friends,she is easily overwhelmed by crowds and noise.She particularly likes the peacefulness of nature trails and quiet beaches,and recently turned down a lucrative job offer because she would have had to live in a city.Hans Eysenck would say that

A) Venice's brain is too electrically active,so she tries to minimize stimulation to get down to her optimal arousal level.
B) conflicts between the superego and the id have led Venice to rely on displacement in her day-to-day functioning.
C) Venice is probably a highly unstable person,which leads her to withdraw from others.
D) Venice is building her life around threat reactivity.

Question 8

While Layne's friends enjoy her sense of humour and warmth,they are often frustrated by her inability to arrive places on time.Worse,she rarely calls to say she will be late,and sometimes she doesn't show up at all.She hates to commit to anything beforehand and seems to make decisions based on her moods,regardless of how her behaviour might affect others.Based on this information and relying on the Five Factor model,we can say that Layne would be most likely to score low in

A) agreeableness.
B) neuroticism.
C) openness.
D) conscientiousness.

Question 9

Elka lends a friend some money but the friend doesn't pay her back when he said he would.Though Elka feels angry,her mother taught her that it is rude to yell or say anything that might upset someone else,so she pretends she isn't angry and asks the friend to pay her back in a month.Freud would say that Elka's __________________ told her she shouldn't show anger toward others.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 10

Elijah often worries about his future.He almost always lies awake the night before a test,concerned that he will fail.On the rare occasion that he does receive a grade that is lower than the one for which he had hoped,he becomes depressed and irritable.His friends tease him that he takes everything far too seriously or is going to have a nervous breakdown before he reaches 20.Based on this information and relying on the Five Factor model,we can say that Elijah would be most likely to score high in

A) agreeableness.
B) neuroticism.
C) openness.
D) conscientiousness.

Question 11

Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social grace.She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets,regardless of whether the setting is the classroom,her workplace,a restaurant,or her own home.When others ask her secret,she credits her sensitivity to others' moods and her ability to adapt to them.In other words,Octavia is

A) high in self-monitoring.
B) neurotic.
C) relying on sublimation.
D) operating based on the reality principle.

Question 12

Udo's professor explains that children create internal representations of other people,which then become working models for all their later relationships.Choosing life partners,then,is a matter of picking someone who fits the familiar blueprint.Udo's professor is using ___________ theory to explain relationship development.

A) Jungian
B) object relations
C) attachment
D) Adlerian

Question 13

Since her physician told Fabienne that she needs to lose weight to improve her health,she has been trying to eat healthfully.But every time she goes out to a restaurant,she can't resist ordering several unhealthy desserts.Her friends suggest that she try to eat the foods she craves in moderation,but she tells them that when she sees the sweets she's not supposed to eat,she can focus on nothing but how badly she wants them.Freud would say that Fabienne's _____________ is encouraging her to overeat certain foods.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 14

When Acacia goes through the checkout line at her local grocer,the cashier asks if she would like to donate money to a particular charity.Though Acacia likes to support charities,she has been struggling financially and does not feel strongly about the issue she is being asked to support with a donation.In spite of this,she considers herself to be a good and kind person and believes that refusing to contribute to a charity is a selfish thing to do.As a result,she agrees to donate.Acacia is demonstrating a need for

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) self-actualization.
C) self-consistency.
D) personal constructs.

Question 15

Because Magda has very high self-esteem,she expects to do well in her college courses.She signs up for a poetry-writing class.In it the students are required to read their work aloud,and after Magda reads her first poem,several students criticize her writing.How is this feedback likely to affect Magda's self-esteem?

A) Negative feedback from others almost always significantly decreases one's self-esteem and allows the receiver to see herself or himself in new ways.
B) Negative feedback from others actually makes those with very high self-esteem feel threatened.
C) Those with very high self-esteem accept negative feedback from others better than most people.
D) How the feedback will affect Magda's self-esteem will be dependent on whether she scores high or low in the openness personality factor of the Big Five theory.

Question 16

Believing he is at the mercy of fate,Ogden is careful to read his horoscope every morning before he leaves for work.When he sees someone else's good fortune he wonders why that person is luckier than he is and is often frustrated by how helpless he feels to change things he doesn't like.Ogden has a/an

A) internal locus of control.
B) external locus of control.
C) performance inexperience.
D) reciprocal cognition.

Question 17

Thirty-eight-year-old Madhavi believes nearly everything others tell her and prefers others to make decisions for her.She has a tendency to indulge in unhealthy activities like smoking,overeating,and biting her fingernails.Freud would say that Madhavi has a(n)

A) Electra complex.
B) malfunctioning set of defense mechanisms.
C) oral fixation.
D) Oedipus complex.

Question 18

Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social grace.She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets,regardless of whether the setting is the classroom,her workplace,a restaurant,or her own home.Since Octavia has a fairly stable way of relating to other people,we can say that her behaviour is probably

A) related to her desire for achievement.
B) a manifestation of a personality trait.
C) a manifestation of her superego.
D) due to the Electra complex.

Question 19

Oberon has always been fascinated by fire,so he decides to become a firefighter.The job is extremely fulfilling for him: He gets to spend his days saving people from fires that might have hurt them or damaged their belongings,and he even wins an award for being fearless in hazardous situations.Freud would probably say that Oberon's fascination with fire

A) is due to fixation in the phallic psychosexual stage.
B) has been sublimated into a socially desirable behaviour.
C) is symbolic of the superego.
D) is an example of the Oedipus complex.

Question 20

Xerxes considers himself a cynical,temperamental person,an approach he feels is justified,since just about everyone he meets is unpleasant with him.What Xerxes doesn't realize is that most people greet him pleasantly enough;it is when he treats them rudely that they become rude in response.This is an example of

A) temperamental instability.
B) reciprocal determinism.
C) threat reactivity or pain avoidance.
D) generalized expectancy.

Question 21

Dr.Drust asks his client Nairi to complete a test that will help him pinpoint the type of depression she has and which personality characteristics may be contributing to her problem.The test,which consists of 567 true-false questions,addresses attitudes and emotions,behaviours and symptoms,and life history.Dr.Drust has given Nairi the

A) Rorschach.
B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).
D) NEO-PI.

Question 22

Machiko recently started college.Her freshman orientation includes information on date rape and personal safety.Machiko realizes that she has few if any self-defense skills so,determined to become more competent,she joins a martial arts club at her university.After several months she is aware that her ability to take care of herself has improved dramatically.Machiko's feelings of ________________ regarding her personal safety have increased.

A) self-concept
B) phenomenology
C) self-efficacy
D) self-esteem

Question 23

Selma's teachers believe she may be struggling with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),so her mother,father,and teachers are all asked to meet with the school psychologist to answer the same set of specific questions.Based on this information,the school psychologist is using a _______________ as part of the assessment.

A) projective instrument
B) structured interview
C) personality test
D) behavioural assessment

Question 24

Yanamarie's second-grade class goes on a field trip to a hospital,where they meet Dr.Linda Palben and her assistant,a nurse who introduces himself as Jasper Hanson.When she returns home that night,Yanamarie tells her parents she is confused.She thought that doctors were always supposed to be men and nurses women.Yanamarie's confusion is a result of her

A) collectivist culture.
B) affect.
C) self-verification.
D) gender schemas.

Question 25

Marco enjoys meeting new people and learning all about them.He is patient and good at seeing the world from others' viewpoints.Because he loves children's enthusiasm and energy,he decides to major in elementary education.Like all extroverts,Marco seeks ______________ situations because they tend to ____________ him.

A) stimulating;energize
B) calming;energize
C) stimulating;exhaust
D) calming;exhaust

Question 26

In George Kelly's fixed-role therapy,patients:

A) use this therapy technique to train for more successful careers
B) repeat their typical roles and behaviours (fixed patterns)until they begin to see they are not effective
C) try on something that is similar to their past fixed roles,but not quite the same
D) practice roles and behaviours that are different from those they've utilized in the past

Question 27

Cailean has been reading a book on dream symbolism.The book's author states that certain dream images always mean certain things.For example,if Cailean were to dream that her teeth were falling out,this would mean that she was afraid of losing face.Cailean wonders how it is possible for humans to know about the universal dream symbols until she learns about the ideas of

A) archetypes and collective unconscious.
B) personal constructs and repertoires.
C) congruence and incongruence.
D) openness and neuroticism.

Question 28

George Kelly's theory of how people construct reality predicts that:

A) most people when given the same experience will construct roughly the same view of it
B) people will see things differently even when they experience the same situation
C) positive regard is necessary in constructing a reality that others will share
D) positive regard is based on a construction of reality that makes sense to one's self

Question 29

Alyssa has a poor self-concept.She doesn't feel that she can do anything right,and when something good does happen she attributes it to luck.Based on what we know about congruence,when Alyssa is offered a promotion at the office,she is most likely to tell herself,

A) "Wow! If the boss thinks I deserve a promotion,I must be good at something after all!"
B) "The boss just feels sorry for me,and nobody else wanted the job."
C) "I just got a lucky break,but I'm going to use it to prove that I can do a better job with the position than anyone else."
D) "I will have to give the boss some of my paycheque for helping me out like that."

Question 30

Jedediah's friends have asked him to accompany them on a trip overseas.Though Jedediah is interested in going,he has been saving money to go back to school."If I go on this trip," he thinks,"I won't have enough money to enter graduate school for at least another year." This kind of if-then link is represented by

A) phenomenology.
B) self-efficacy.
C) reciprocal determinism.
D) behaviour-outcome expectancies.

Question 31

When twenty-eight-year-old Rafferty recently completed a fitness assessment as part of a yearly physical,his results were poorer than he expected.His weight is higher than it should be,he has several unhealthy habits,and he is unable to lift weights comparable to others his age.Rafferty's parents say that Rafferty just inherited bad genes and that there is little he can do to improve himself.Rafferty doesn't believe this is true,so he hires a personal trainer,quits smoking,and begins to walk for 20 minutes every day.Rafferty probably has a/an

A) internal locus of control.
B) external locus of control.
C) performance inexperience.
D) reciprocal cognition.

Question 32

Orlando's grandmother asks about the day he brought his new puppy home.Though Orlando was not thinking about that day when Grandmother asked,he is immediately able to recall all the details.The memory of bringing his puppy home has moved from his ___________ to his _______________ memory.

A) unconscious;conscious
B) preconscious;conscious
C) unconscious;preconscious
D) preconscious;preconscious

Question 33

After he receives his driver's license,Alan borrows the car from his parents and causes a minor accident.Though no one is hurt,both cars have sustained enough damage that the insurance companies will need to become involved,and Alan knows his parents will be furious with him.When he calls them,the first thing they ask is whether he and everyone else are all right.When they come to pick him up,they tell him that they are glad he's all right and that they love him no matter what,but he is going to lose his driving privileges until he earns some money to help pay the increased insurance fees.Carl Rogers would say that Alan's parents are

A) putting conditions on their love for Alan.
B) being irrational.
C) demonstrating unconditional positive regard.
D) probably responding to Alan the way their parents would have treated them.

Question 34

Dr.Vartan shows his client Dallas 12 different pictures and asks him to tell a story about each one.When Dallas has looked at all the cards,the two of them review the stories together,looking for recurrent themes.Dallas has just taken the

A) Rorschach.
B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).
D) NEO-PI.

Question 35

Iona has been in trouble with the law several times for fighting with other people and has been court-ordered into anger management therapy.As part of the initial assessment,the therapist asks Iona to take a personality test.When the test is done,she and Iona sit down to look at the results.The therapist explains that Iona has high scores on depression,paranoia,psychopathic deviance,and hypomania.The therapist gave Iona the

A) Rorschach.
B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).
D) NEO-PI.

Question 36

Bobbi's father was always busy while she was growing up and rarely spent time with her.Bobbi remembers wondering why her father did not love her and thinking that maybe if she went out of her way to do nice things for him he would notice her.She enters therapy because she repeatedly chooses partners who ignore her needs or treat her with disdain,no matter how nice she is to them.Bobbi's therapist points out to Bobbi that she is dating only men who treat her the way her father did,maybe because she hopes they will love her in a way her father never seemed to.To make these interpretations,Bobbi's therapist is relying on

A) Jungian theory.
B) a phenomenological approach.
C) self-determination theory.
D) object relations theory.

Question 37

Mila is a psychology graduate student taking a course in assessment methods.The students are expected to take each of the instruments about which they are learning so they can practice interpreting the results.Working with a fellow student,they each look at 10 inkblots,asking each other,"What might this be?" and "Show me where you see that so I can see it as you do." Mila is learning about the

A) Rorschach.
B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).
D) NEO-PI.

Question 38

Erik enjoys trying new things.He has just accepted a job opportunity in another country and is expected to pack his things and move within the next month.His friends tell him how impressed they are,because he views such extreme changes as exciting challenges.He is always the first in their group to try new activities or take entrepreneurial risks.This consistent tendency to respond positively to change is one of Erik's

A) encoding strategies.
B) affects.
C) behavioural signatures.
D) complexities.