Deck 11: Motivating Employees

Question 1

Motivation is the drive to act.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The original results of the Hawthorne studies proved that workers were much more productive when they worked in well-lit areas than when they worked in poorly lit areas.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Scientific management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity during the early 1900s.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The results of the Hawthorne studies encouraged researchers to begin studying human motivation and managerial styles that lead to higher productivity.

Question 5

Elton Mayo's researchers concluded that worker motivation improved when managers listened to their ideas and suggestions.

Question 6

Frederick Taylor based his approach on the belief that each worker was an individual who should be treated as a unique asset to the firm.

Question 7

One of the original objectives of the Hawthorne studies was to determine the degree of lighting needed in the workplace to enable workers to achieve optimum productivity.

Question 8

Elton Mayo is known as the father of scientific management.

Question 9

The tendency of workers to behave differently when they know they are being studied is known as the Taylor effect.

Question 10

Three elements were basic to Taylor's approach: time,methods,and rules of work.

Question 11

Since motivation comes from within an individual,there is little that managers can do to help motivate workers.

Question 12

Frederick Taylor's ideas about improving worker productivity attracted a lot of attention at the time,but had little lasting significance.

Question 13

Frederick Taylor's goal was to find ways to improve worker motivation by making work more interesting and challenging.

Question 14

A key element of Frederick Taylor's approach was the time and motion study,which examined the tasks performed to complete a job and the time needed to complete each task.

Question 15

Extrinsic rewards are those that are given to a person by someone else.

Question 16

When unhappy workers leave a company,the firm normally ends up benefiting financially.

Question 17

Frederick Taylor believed that workers would be more productive if they were allowed to decide for themselves which methods at work to use.

Question 18

A major conclusion of the Hawthorne studies was that the best way to motivate workers was with monetary incentives such as pay raises and bonuses.

Question 19

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of motion economy,which said that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions.

Question 20

The sense of satisfaction you get when you achieve an important goal is an intrinsic reward.

Question 21

Abraham Maslow believed that motivation arises from the desire to satisfy unmet needs.

Question 22

Frederick Taylor encouraged managers to make use of psychological techniques to improve worker motivation.

Question 23

The Hawthorne studies proved that the methods of scientific management were the best way to achieve maximum productivity among workers.

Question 24

According to Maslow,people will try to satisfy lower order needs before they turn their attention to higher order needs.

Question 25

Hal is a small business owner who wants to find a way to increase the productivity of his employees.He has just finished reading a book on worker motivation,and found the book's discussion of the Hawthorne studies particularly relevant.Based on his reading,Hal is likely to view pay increases as the best way to improve employee motivation.

Question 26

According to Maslow,a satisfied need is no longer a motivator.

Question 27

Safety needs are at the lowest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 28

Randy is a supervisor at an assembly plant for a major manufacturer.Randy has observed that most workers he supervises are more productive if he lets them have some freedom and flexibility in how they go about their work.Randy's experience is consistent with the teachings of scientific management.

Question 29

Helen is conducting an experiment to determine how temperatures affect the productivity of workers.She has just completed the first phase of her experiment,in which she had a group of workers perform job related tasks in a special room where the temperature was 10 degrees cooler than on the factory floor.The workers in the experimental group consistently outperformed workers in the factory.The Hawthorne effect suggests that the most likely reason for this improvement in performance is that the cooler working conditions allowed the workers in the experiment to work harder without getting tired.

Question 30

Some companies still place more emphasis on conformity to work rules than on creativity,flexibility,and responsiveness.

Question 31

In Maslow's view,social needs include the need to feel loved and accepted.

Question 32

Maslow referred to the needs people had for recognition and acknowledgement from others as esteem needs.

Question 33

Harrison is a manager for a small metal fabrication company.He wants to find ways to improve worker motivation,and has read about the Hawthorne studies conducted by Elton Mayo and his colleagues.He believes these studies offer important insights into what motivates workers.Harrison is not likely to support the methods and ideas associated with scientific management.

Question 34

Maslow believed that lower-level needs may emerge at any time when they are not met and take our attention away from higher-level needs.

Question 35

The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals is an extrinsic reward.

Question 36

According to Maslow,it is impossible to rank human needs in any logical order.

Question 37

Mark has just successfully completed a very challenging assignment given to him by his supervisor at work.The feeling of accomplishment and satisfaction Mark experiences as the result of his success is an example of an extrinsic reward.

Question 38

In Maslow's hierarchy,self-actualization needs are those needs associated with basic survival,such as the need for food and shelter.

Question 39

Social needs are the highest level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy.

Question 40

The Green Velvet Lawn Care Company teaches all of its workers specific methods for fertilizing and seeding lawns.The methods are designed to ensure adequate lawn coverage with a minimum of time and effort.All workers are expected to follow these methods precisely.Green Velvet's approach to lawn care is consistent with the ideas of scientific management.

Question 41

Herzberg's findings suggest that the best way for firms to increase worker motivation is to focus on improving pay and making working conditions more pleasant.

Question 42

According to the theory developed by Maslow,the primary source of motivation for most workers in Canada would stem from the desire to satisfy their physiological and safety needs.

Question 43

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,if someone is currently motivated by recognition for a well done job,they could never be motivated by a need to build friendships.

Question 44

Since hygiene factors do not improve worker motivation,managers can safely ignore these factors when trying to develop an effective work environment.

Question 45

Herzberg found that the factors that ranked high as motivators were usually associated with job content rather than the work environment.

Question 46

Herzberg's research examined how conditions related to the job itself affected the motivation of workers.

Question 47

Herzberg found that the sense of achievement workers experienced when they performed their jobs was an important motivator.

Question 48

According to Herzberg,when a hygiene factor is not fulfilled,workers will become dissatisfied.

Question 49

Herzberg's findings suggest that many Canadian firms can improve motivation by helping their employees meet the esteem and self-actualization needs identified by Maslow.

Question 50

Jon earns a decent salary and is on friendly terms with the other workers in his department.He is,however,a bit frustrated because his supervisors and the other workers in his department don't always seem to recognize or appreciate some of his accomplishments.Jon is most likely to be motivated by the desire to meet his esteem needs.

Question 51

Jimmy is a talented musician,and has already won a number of awards.Still,he practices about two hours every day,trying to reach his highest potential.Jimmy is motivated by self-actualization needs.

Question 52

In order to motivate their employees,managers in poor nations should establish working conditions that focus on meeting their workers' self-actualization needs.

Question 53

Herzberg's motivators tend to be factors that would help workers achieve the esteem and self-actualization needs identified by Maslow.

Question 54

Herzberg's research focused on determining which management style achieved the highest level of worker motivation.

Question 55

The ABC Company has just announced that,due to financial difficulties,it must cut worker pay by 5% and will no longer provide workers with free coffee and donuts during breaks.Since Herzberg found that pay and working conditions were not significant motivators,these changes are unlikely to have any significant effect on worker attitudes.

Question 56

Recent studies have shown that money can be used as a motivator.

Question 57

Millie recently accepted a new job with better pay and a high degree of job security.She is now able to live in a nicer apartment and maintain a fairly comfortable life style.However,she still feels like an "outsider" at work,and does not yet believe that her fellow workers have really accepted her into their group.According to Maslow's views,Millie now would be motivated by a desire to satisfy her social needs.

Question 58

Herzberg's study showed that pay was the job characteristic that ranked highest as a motivator.

Question 59

Herzberg used the term hygiene factor to refer to an element of job content that was particularly important as a source of worker motivation.

Question 60

Herzberg's research found that improvements in work environment were a more effective way to motivate workers than improvements in job content.

Question 61

Job enrichment is an extension of the ideas developed by Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg.

Question 62

Managers who believe job enrichment can effectively improve motivation would try to give workers a significant degree of freedom and flexibility in scheduling their work and in determining the procedures they use.

Question 63

Job enlargement attempts to enrich jobs by combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment.

Question 64

Job simplification is an effective strategy for managers who want to achieve job enrichment.

Question 65

The key to achieving task identity is to design jobs that demand the use of many different skills.

Question 66

Feedback enhances worker motivation by giving workers a feeling of achievement and recognition.

Question 67

Douglas McGregor observed that all managers tend to share certain assumptions about workers.

Question 68

Job rotation attempts to make work more interesting and motivating by moving employees from one job to another.

Question 69

Ellen supervises several workers in the accounting department of a large corporation.She has decided to make a greater effort to give her subordinates direct and clear information about their job performance.Ellen's efforts are likely to improve worker motivation.

Question 70

Job enrichment is based on Herzberg's higher motivators,such as responsibility,achievement,and recognition.

Question 71

According to job enrichment theory,one of the characteristics of a job that contributes to improved motivation and worker performance is higher than average pay.

Question 72

Job simplification attempts to increase task efficiency by breaking the job into simple steps and assigning people to perform each of those steps.

Question 73

The autonomy of a job refers to the impact the job has on the lives or work of people within the organization.

Question 74

Skill variety is one of the characteristics of work that lead to improved motivation and performance.

Question 75

The DEF Company has a policy of moving employees from one job to another on a regular basis in order to improve motivation.DEF is using job enlargement.

Question 76

Task identity refers to the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of others in the company.

Question 77

Job simplification is an extension of the ideas of Herzberg.

Question 78

Feedback helps enrich a job by satisfying a worker's esteem needs.

Question 79

Job enlargement is the strategy of assigning workers to different jobs within the organization on a regular basis.

Question 80

Management at the XYZ Company is trying to improve task efficiency by breaking down jobs into simple steps and assigning each step to a different worker.An additional benefit of this approach is that it is one of the most effective ways to achieve job enrichment.