Deck 1: Introduction and History of Victimology

Question 1

The term victim is inconsistently applied in the various arenas of federal criminal law.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Victimology is a discipline that combines theoretical research with practical experience.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)mandated that various professions form partnerships and work together to respond to all forms of violence against women.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Sexual assaults are in reality a way for the perpetrator to control,dominate,and humiliate the victim.

Question 5

One of the major contributing forces for the victim rights movement in the past several decades has been the feminist movement.

Question 6

Victimology as a discipline first emerged in the 1930s.

Question 7

In 1982,President Carter appointed a Task Force on Victims of Crime.

Question 8

The Justinian Code distinguished between two major types of laws:public laws and private laws.

Question 9

The victims' movement gained momentum in the United States in the 1980s.

Question 10

Mendelsohn came to the conclusion that there was usually a weak interpersonal relationship between the offender and the victim.

Question 11

The Mosaic Code was based on the assumption that men were superior to women.

Question 12

Common law is a traditional body of unwritten legal precedents created by court decisions throughout the Middle Ages in England.

Question 13

The Code of Hammurabi is considered one of the first known attempts to establish a written code of conduct.

Question 14

The only crime defined in the U.S.Constitution is treason.

Question 15

The Victims' Rights Amendment to the U.S.Constitution was ratified during President Clinton's term in office.

Question 16

In 1948,in an early classical text,The Criminal and His Victim,Mendelsohn explored the relationship between the "doer," or criminal,and the "sufferer," or victim.

Question 17

One factor that hindered the awareness of the plight of victims was that society became more conservative and concerned about crime in general.

Question 18

Primitive laws usually contained two premises:(1)acts that injured others were considered private wrongs,and (2)the injured party was entitled to take action against the wrongdoer.

Question 19

The Code of Hammurabi did not provide for victims.

Question 20

From 1984 to the present,the victims' movement has been characterized by a decrease in the professionalism of the victims' service advocates and providers.

Question 21

Explain the importance of the Code of Hammurabi.

Question 22

What are the key points in the opportunity model of victimization?

Question 23

Many scholars credit ______ with coining the term victimology.

Question 24

Marvin E.Wolfgang conducted the first major study of victim precipitation when he focused on _____,studying both the victim and the offender as separate entities and as mutual participants.

A)rapes
B)homicides
C)kidnapping
D)suicides

Question 25

Karmen correctly points out that victimologists view the dynamics of the victim's role in society from a ______ perspective.

A)humanistic
B)multidisciplinary
C)single
D)criminology

Question 26

What role has the feminist movement played in the victims' movement?

Question 27

Why was the discipline of victimology slow in developing?

Question 28

One of the most controversial areas of victimology has been and continues to be the concept known as

A)victim participation.
B)victim naming.
C)victim blaming.
D)restitution.

Question 29

How did the victims' rights movement begin?

Question 30

Von Hentig theorized that a large percentage of victims,because of their acts or _____,were responsible for their victimization.

Question 31

What is the issue involved in "blaming the victim" approach?

Question 32

Which of the following was NOT one of Von Hentig's psychological types of victims?

A)Mentally defected
B)Depressed
C)Wanton
D)Acquisitive

Question 33

Hindelang and his colleagues examined exposure and guardianship as they relate to victimization.They call this theory the _____ approach to victimization,which argues that the likelihood of becoming a victim depends on an individual's lifestyle.

A)life
B)real
C)homogeny
D)lifestyle

Question 34

The _____movement alerted us to centuries of discrimination and violence directed against women.

Question 35

Explain Mendelsohn's theory of victimization.

Question 36

The researcher ____asserts that rape is an act used by men to maintain their dominance over women through the use of force.

Question 37

Von Hentig established a typology of victims.The classification was based on psychological,_____,and biological factors.