Deck 14: Interpersonal Attraction

Question 1

Perceived similarity is:

A) irrelevant to attraction.
B) is only relevant to how much females are attracted to males.
C) not as relevant to attraction as perceived distinctiveness.
D) one of the strongest determinants of attraction.

Answer 1

one of the strongest determinants of attraction.

Question 2

If the stimulus is initially disliked:

A) the mere exposure effect does not occur.
B) the mere exposure effect is heightened.
C) people will eventually change their attitude after repeated exposure to the stimuli.
D) people will almost always have positive attitude about the stimuli after a second exposure.

Answer 2

the mere exposure effect does not occur.

Question 3

Attractive people are generally:

A) less intelligent.
B) more outgoing.
C) higher in self-esteem.
D) lower in self-esteem.

Answer 3

more outgoing.

Question 4

The need to belong is NOT:

A) universal.
B) a trait that varies from person to person.
C) specific to certain cultures.
D) innate.

Question 5

Symmetrical faces tend to be perceived as:

A) less attractive than asymmetrical faces.
B) unusual. .
C) more attractive than asymmetrical faces.
D) irrelevant to attractiveness.

Question 6

Parental investment is:

A) the time spent on looking for a mate.
B) the time and effort that parents must invest in each child they produce.
C) how similar a parent is to her or his child.
D) the amount of confidence a parent has in her or his child.

Question 7

The halo effect is a tendency to:

A) assume that people with one positive attribute (e.g., who are physically attractive) also have other positive traits.
B) assume religious people are more moral than nonreligious people.
C) like people who are religious.
D) like people who remind you of someone you already know and like.

Question 8

When Julie sees how attractive Clint is, she also assumes that he is probably very ambitious and successful. This is an example of:

A) mate selection.
B) mate guarding.
C) the halo effect.
D) transference.

Question 9

Michael would rather spend time alone than spend time with others. Michael is probably:

A) lonely.
B) high in the need to belong.
C) low in the need to belong.
D) low in trait self-control.

Question 10

Studies find that people tend to like someone they just met if he or she reminds them of someone they already like. This research provides support for:

A) gain-loss theory.
B) attachment.
C) trait need to belong.
D) transference.

Question 11

In terms of attractiveness, the ideal waist-to-hip ratio for females is:

A) 0.8.
B) 1.0.
C) 0.9.
D) 0.7.

Question 12

The propinquity effect is the:

A) tendency to like those who like us.
B) increased likelihood of forming relationships with the people who are physically close by.
C) sensitivity to rejection.
D) the need to seek out social connections.

Question 13

You are more inclined to like someone if you find out that he or she:

A) does not like you.
B) is very different than you in terms of personality.
C) likes you.
D) in not interested in you.

Question 14

Who tends to experience sexual desire more frequently?

A) females
B) Both males and females tend to be equal in how frequently they experience sexual desire.
C) males
D) Research has not addressed this question.

Question 15

Describe three findings that suggest that the need to belong is a fundamental psychological need.

Question 16

Lighter skin is generally perceived as more attractive than darker skin among:

A) Caucasians.
B) African Americans.
C) nearly all racial groups.
D) males but not females.

Question 17

When people feel like they are deprived of human social connections they are experiencing:

A) loneliness.
B) attachment .
C) transference.
D) the propinquity effect.

Question 18

Research suggests that there are ____________ core motives for sex.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 19

Which theory asserts that early humans who successfully formed social bonds were more likely to survive and reproduce than those who were not able to get along with others or preferred to be alone?

A) need to belong theory
B) terror management theory
C) loneliness theory
D) evolutionary theory

Question 20

Which of the following findings BEST demonstrates that the need to belong is innate?

A) Babies instinctively engage with other people.
B) Teenage and adult females tend to prioritize relationship goals over other goals.
C) From a young age, girls are socialized to care about social roles.
D) As people age, they become less sensitive about social approval.

Question 21

Describe three costs associated with short-term mating for females.

Question 22

Describe the reward model of liking.

Question 23

Describe the concept of parental investment and how, according to evolutionary psychology, it influences attitudes about sex for men and women.

Question 24

Do cultures vary at all in terms of their attitudes toward sexual practices? Explain.

Question 25

________________________ is a mechanism for regulating behavior to acquire the tangible or intangible resources necessary for survival and well-being.

A) Self-esteem
B) Self-regulation
C) Psychological need
D) Self-control

Question 26

Describe the concept of mate guarding from the evolutionary perspective.

Question 27

According to evolutionary theory, what features are women looking for in a mate?

Question 28

Describe three costs associated with long-term mating for males.

Question 29

Describe the concept of rejection sensitivity and the effect this condition has on one's psychological health.

Question 30

How does proximity influence liking?

Question 31

Explain the averageness effect and why it works.

Question 32

According to evolutionary theory, what features are men looking for in a mate?

Question 33

How do media portrayals of women affect male views of female attractiveness?

Question 34

According to evolutionary theory, how should men and women differ in terms of what makes them jealous? Why?

Question 35

Describe the concept of transference. Explain the role transference plays in interpersonal attraction.

Question 36

Explain gain-loss theory.

Question 37

Describe the halo effect and how it can bias people.

Question 38

Discuss how gender has been shown to influence attitudes toward sex.

Question 39

Why do media portrayals of females tend to make females view themselves more negatively in terms of physical attractiveness?

Question 40

Do people tend to be attracted to those who are similar to them or to those who are different from them? Explain.

Question 41

______________________ is a dispositional tendency to have an especially strong fear of being rejected or evaluated negatively by others.

A) Loneliness
B) The need to belong
C) Rejection sensitivity
D) Attachment style

Question 42

Research on human infants suggests that the need to belong is:

A) specific to certain cultures.
B) not very important until later in life.
C) innate.
D) learned.

Question 43

Babies:

A) instinctively engage with other people.
B) are not interested in social contact.
C) show no evidence of a need to belong.
D) only care about social contact in certain cultures.

Question 44

Tuan is very much afraid of being evaluated negatively by others thus he avoids forming friendships or intimate relationships with others. Tuan:

A) is low in the need to belong.
B) is high in rejection sensitivity.
C) has high self-esteem.
D) is high in transference.

Question 45

Research suggests that feeling socially connected to others:

A) increases the likelihood of a premature death.
B) decreases the likelihood of a premature death.
C) increases the likelihood of mental health problems.
D) decreases satisfaction with life.

Question 46

People high in ____________ do not function well socially.

A) the need to belong
B) rejection sensitivity
C) social motivation
D) attachment style

Question 47

The ______________ helps explain why people tend to like people who they regularly see because of proximity.

A) mere exposure effect
B) loneliness effect
C) need to belong
D) proximity effect

Question 48

The need to belong is:

A) specific to certain cultures.
B) only important for females.
C) only important for males.
D) universal.

Question 49

The need to belong, like all genetically inherited traits:

A) varies from person to person.
B) cannot be satiated.
C) is most pronounced for males.
D) cannot be changed by the environment.

Question 50

Meeting the need to belong by having positive interactions with close others is associated with:

A) higher levels of loneliness.
B) lower self-control.
C) higher self-esteem.
D) less happiness.

Question 51

Julie is closer friends with her immediate neighbors than the people who live several houses away. This supports the idea of:

A) the propinquity effect.
B) the need to belong.
C) trait loneliness.
D) evolutionary motives for belongingness.

Question 52

_________________ is the feeling that one is deprived of human social connections.

A) The need to belong
B) Attachment style
C) Psychological need
D) Loneliness

Question 53

From an evolutionary perspective, loners are:

A) more likely to survive and reproduce.
B) better able to adaptively function.
C) less likely to survive and reproduce.
D) less likely to have mental health problems because they do not depend on others.

Question 54

In general, the more someone sees another person and interacts with that person the:

A) less he or she tends to like that person.
B) more he or she tends to like that person.
C) less he or she recognizes that person.
D) more he or she will try to avoid that person.

Question 55

_______________ is the increased likelihood of forming relationships with the people who are physically close by.

A) Loneliness
B) Attachment
C) Propinquity effect
D) The need to belong

Question 56

According to an evolutionary perspective, people have a need to belong because:

A) early humans who successfully formed social bonds were more likely to survive and reproduce than those who were not able to get along with others or preferred to be alone.
B) it contributes to self-esteem.
C) the need to belong helps prevent people from becoming mentally ill and mental illness is maladaptive.
D) they enjoy the company of others.

Question 57

Clint likes to have a lot of close friends and prioritizes spending time with others over many other goals. Clint is:

A) lonely.
B) high in the need to belong.
C) low in the need to belong.
D) low in trait self-control.

Question 58

Internet technology is reducing the:

A) need to belong.
B) the potency of rejection sensitivity.
C) propinquity effect.
D) the need to form close relationships.

Question 59

Research suggests that ______________ are more beneficial to mental health than __________.

A) face-to-face social interactions; cyber social interactions
B) cyber social interactions; face-to-face social interactions
C) cyber social interactions; spending time with family
D) friends met in college; friends met at work

Question 60

Adults who form stable close relationships are:

A) more likely to reproduce.
B) less likely to reproduce.
C) more likely to not have a high belongingness motivation.
D) less likely to make friends.

Question 61

Research in support of the idea of _________________ indicates that people tend to like someone they just met if that individual resembles someone they already like.

A) gain-loss theory
B) attachment
C) trait need to belong
D) transference

Question 62

Jose got a bigger boost to his self-esteem when a stranger complimented him than when his wife did. This is consistent with:

A) the need to belong hypothesis.
B) gain-loss theory.
C) the compliment hypothesis.
D) attachment theory.

Question 63

Research indicates that the more nice things someone says about us:

A) the less we like them.
B) the more we distrust them.
C) the more we like them.
D) the less interested we become in having a romantic relationship with them.

Question 64

Research suggests that people may partner with a dissimilar other if they are looking for a:

A) short-term, low-commitment relationship.
B) long-term, high-commitment relationship.
C) person to have children with.
D) long-term relationship that will not result in children.

Question 65

Research found that when participants were put in a room with a stranger, they liked the stranger more if:

A) the room temperature was comfortable.
B) the room temperature was uncomfortable.
C) they had just heard bad news on a radio broadcast.
D) the study was conducted in the afternoon.

Question 66

If you find out that someone else likes you, you are likely to:

A) think less of them.
B) ignore them.
C) dislike them.
D) like them too.

Question 67

The reward model of liking suggests that we may like someone simply because:

A) we share personality traits.
B) he or she happened to be around when we were feeling good.
C) we tend to like people.
D) we are lonely.

Question 68

Kim likes the coffee shop worker who serves her coffee every morning because that person is associated with the pleasant experience of drinking coffee. This supports:

A) attachment theory.
B) the reward model of liking.
C) the averageness effect.
D) the halo effect.

Question 69

_______________ is more important for friendships and romantic relationships than ________________.

A) Age; income
B) Income; age
C) Perceived similarity; actual similarity
D) Actual similarity; perceived similarity

Question 70

The mere exposure effect does not occur if:

A) people are high in the need to belong.
B) the stimulus is pleasant.
C) people are in a close relationship.
D) the stimulus is initially disliked.

Question 71

Research found that people were able to correctly guess the winner of congressional races about ________ of the time simply by viewing pictures of the candidates.

A) 25%
B) 40%
C) 90%
D) 70%

Question 72

Monique likes John because he reminds her of her father. This is an example of:

A) mate selection.
B) mate guarding.
C) the halo effect.
D) transference.

Question 73

If we like someone, we tend to assume that he or she:

A) has attitudes similar to our own.
B) has attitudes very distinct from our own.
C) does not like us.
D) is single.

Question 74

___________________ proposes that people like other people whom they associate with positive stimuli and dislike people whom they associate with negative stimuli.

A) Loneliness theory
B) The need to belong
C) Reward model of liking
D) Gain-loss theory

Question 75

_________________ is a theory of attraction that posits that liking is highest for others when they increase their positivity toward you over time.

A) Belongingness theory
B) Gain-loss theory
C) Terror management theory
D) Attachment theory

Question 76

For most people heading off to a blind date, the ____________ of their partner is the most important factor influencing whether they want to have a second date.

A) intelligence
B) financial success
C) attractiveness
D) personality

Question 77

_____________________ is a tendency to map on, or transfer, feelings for a person who is known onto someone new who resembles that person in some way.

A) Gain-loss theory
B) Loneliness
C) Transference
D) Attraction

Question 78

______________ is basically a classical conditioning model of liking.

A) Loneliness theory
B) The need to belong
C) Reward model of liking
D) Gain-loss theory

Question 79

__________________ is one of the strongest determinants of attraction.

A) Perceived similarity
B) Humor
C) Wealth
D) Perceived distinctiveness

Question 80

Vanessa is looking to meet a romantic partner. Who is she most likely to be attracted to?

A) a person who has different political and social views
B) a person who has similar political and social views
C) a person who has a very different personality than her
D) the first single person she meets