Deck 1: A Historical Sketch of Sociological Theory: the Early Years

Question 1

Who wrote, "People's minds and their conceptions of themselves are shaped by their social experiences?"

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Herbert Spencer
C) Karl Mannheim
D) George Hebert Mead

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Who wrote, "A 'veil' rather than a wall separates African Americans and whites?"

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) George Simmel
C) George Herbert Mead
D) W. E. B. DuBois

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Who wrote, "Capitalism is based on the exploitation of the workers by the capitalists?"

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Herbert Spencer
C) Karl Marx
D) Emile Durkheim

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What was the most immediate social force in the rise of sociology during the late 1800s?

A) Political Revolution
B) The Industrial Revolution
C) The Rise of Capitalism
D) Colonialism

Question 5

Who wrote, "Knowledge is shaped by the social world?"

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Herbert Spencer
C) Karl Mannheim
D) George Hebert Mead

Question 6

Which social force refers to a mass migration of people away from agricultural areas and toward industrial cities?

A) Political Revolution
B) Urbanization
C) Colonialization
D) The Rise of Capitalism

Question 7

Who wrote, "We are evolving in the direction of a world dominated by science?"

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Auguste Comte
C) Karl Marx
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 8

When did sociologists (as opposed to social thinkers) first appear?

A) ancient Greeks and Romans
B) Middle-Ages
C) Renaissance (1400s)
D) mid-1800s

Question 9

Which social force refers to the incorporation of production technology into market driving economies?

A) Political Revolution
B) The Rise of Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution
C) The Rise of Socialism
D) Colonialism

Question 10

According to George Ritzer, which of the following makes a sociological theory a classic? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) wide range of application
B) deal with central social issues
C) stand the test of time
D) interrelated propositions that systematize knowledge

Question 11

Which social force refers to the spread of western political, social, cultural, and economic domination across the globe?

A) Political Revolution
B) The Rise of Capitalism and The Industrial Revolution
C) The Rise of Socialism
D) Colonialism

Question 12

Who wrote, "Capitalism is virtually synonymous with 'creative destruction'?"

A) Thorstein Veblen
B) Karl Marx
C) Joseph Schumpeter
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 13

Who wrote, "We are headed to an increasingly centralized world with less individual freedom?"

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Herbert Spencer
C) Karl Marx
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 14

Who wrote, "The modern world offers less moral cohesion than did earlier societies?"

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Herbert Spencer
C) Karl Marx
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 15

Who wrote, "The modern world is an iron cage of rational systems from which there is no escape?"

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Karl Marx
D) Max Weber

Question 16

Which of the following makes a sociological theory a classic? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) great scope
B) ambition
C) important during their own time
D) continued relevance today

Question 17

Who wrote, "The city spawns a particular type of person?"

A) George Simmel
B) Emile Durkhiem
C) Karl Marx
D) Max Weber

Question 18

Who wrote, "People engage in conspicuous consumption?"

A) Thorstein Veblen
B) Karl Marx
C) Joseph Schumpeter
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 19

Which social force refers to a questioning of patriarchy that grew out of mobilizations against slavery and the political oppression of the middle class?

A) Political Revolution
B) Urbanization
C) Religion
D) Feminism

Question 20

Who wrote, "Gender inequality explains most of individual experience, the ills in society, and history?"

A) Charlotte Perkins Gilman
B) Emile Durkheim
C) W. E. B. DuBois
D) Alexis de Tocqueville

Question 21

Which German thinker emphasized rationality in his social theory that he famously applied to religion, economics, and bureaucracy?

A) G. W. F. Hegel
B) Ludwig Feuerbach
C) Karl Marx
D) Max Weber

Question 22

Which French sociologist directed his positivist critique toward the French Revolution and its aftermath?

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Claude Henri Saint-Simon
C) Auguste Comte
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 23

What intellectual current of early British sociology focused on reforming individuals rather than society?

A) Ameliorism
B) Political Economy
C) Socialism
D) Social Evolution

Question 24

Which French sociologist's emphasis on freedom combined with his critiques of equality and centralization led him to be extremely critical of both democracy and socialism?

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Claude Henri Saint-Simon
C) Auguste Comte
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 25

What intellectual current of early British sociology focused on how capitalist markets largely control behavior and societal organization more generally?

A) Ameliorism
B) Political Economy
C) Socialism
D) Social Evolution

Question 26

Which of the following intellectual currents was embraced by early British sociologists? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) Ameliorism
B) Political Economy
C) Socialism
D) Social Evolution

Question 27

Auguste Comte and Hebert Spencer are the most widely read and therefore influential classic sociological theorists.

Question 28

According to Tiryakian, what makes a sociological work a classic? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) It is considered a "must read" for new sociologists.
B) It demonstrates the imaginative power of sociology.
C) It is useful to contemporary theorists and researchers.
D) It is considered a "must reread" by older sociologists.

Question 29

Which German thinker developed a materialist philosophy he then applied toward understanding consciousness and religion?

A) G. W. F. Hegel
B) Ludwig Feuerbach
C) Karl Marx
D) Max Weber

Question 30

Which French sociologist outlined how sociology should be a study of morality and social facts?

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Claude Henri Saint-Simon
C) Auguste Comte
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 31

Which German thinker thought almost every social problem had its roots in capitalism?

A) G. W. F. Hegel
B) Ludwig Feuerbach
C) Karl Marx
D) Max Weber

Question 32

Who was the Hegelian-Marxist who is now considered the father of "Western Marxism?"

A) Friedrich Engels
B) Karl Kautsky
C) Georg Lukács
D) Martin Jay

Question 33

There was a debate among early sociologists about how much social science should mirror the natural sciences.

Question 34

Which German philosopher developed dialectics and idealism to examine the dynamic aspects of society?

A) G. W. F. Hegel
B) Ludwig Feuerbach
C) Karl Marx
D) Max Weber

Question 35

Most classic sociologists rejected religion, instead relied on the scientific rationalism offered by more secular styles of thinking.

Question 36

Which French sociologist saw the need for socialist reforms of capitalism, but was concerned the working class would be empowered?

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Claude Henri Saint-Simon
C) Auguste Comte
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 37

What intellectual current of early British sociology focused on how social structures emerge and operate?

A) Ameliorism
B) Political Economy
C) Socialism
D) Social Evolution

Question 38

Which was an intellectual current of The Enlightenment? Select all, but only those that apply.

A) Philosophy
B) Sociology
C) Science
D) Religion

Question 39

The majority of early sociologists favored socialism over capitalism.

Question 40

Which early French sociologist had the most influence on contemporary sociology?

A) Alexis de Tocqueville
B) Claude Henri Saint-Simon
C) Auguste Comte
D) Emile Durkheim

Question 41

Which social factor was the most important in the rise of sociology and why?

Question 42

Explain how counter-enlightenment thought in addition to the Enlightenment philosophy and science was also important to the development of sociology.

Question 43

Explain how the unique social contexts in France, Germany, and Britain led to the development of unique sociological thought.

Question 44

French Catholic counterrevolutionary philosophy challenged the Enlightenment by arguing tradition, imagination, emotionalism, and religion are useful and even needed for social life.

Question 45

Primarily because of Karl Max's controversial yet influential work, early sociology was much more fragmented in Germany than it was in France.

Question 46

Most enlightenment thinkers embraced traditional authorities.

Question 47

Vilfredo Pareto characterized society as being comprised of interdependent parts where a change in one part results in a change in another part so that equilibrium is maintained.

Question 48

Claude Henri Saint-Simon wanted to undo the Enlightenment and return society to The Middle-Ages.

Question 49

Like most German sociologists, George Simmel worked predominately at the macro-level.

Question 50

The German Philosophers Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche were more influential to sociology than Karl Marx and Max Weber.