Deck 17: Education

Question 1

Home schooling is new to the education scene, becoming popular due to the dissatisfaction of parents over the quality of public education.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A central sociological principle is that a nation's education system reflects its culture.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Once it began as a formal institution in the early city-states, education continually progressed throughout history to its present level.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The correspondence principle is the idea that distance education provides a better quality education that eliminates the prejudice of teachers, tracking, and other dysfunctions that are a part of a public school education.

Question 5

The hunting-gathering societies have no separate social institution called education.

Question 6

Tracking is a form of gatekeeping in which students are sorted by their perceived abilities rather than their achieved abilities.

Question 7

In Japan, a philosophy based on cooperation and group effort ensures virtually every student qualifies for admission to college.

Question 8

The Rosenthal-Jacobsen experiment confirms that regardless of their ability, students who are expected to do better generally do.

Question 9

Statistics accumulated since 1992 show school deaths have progressively increased due to shootings every year.

Question 10

George Farkas discovered that girls and Asian American students receive higher grades than their academic equals because they know how to signal their teachers they are better students.

Question 11

According to your author, it is impossible to replicate the give-and-take conversations essential to good teaching that occur in a face-to-face class within online classes.

Question 12

Children who are home schooled become socially challenged when they encounter real world experiences.

Question 13

Research has shown that people who go farther in school live longer.

Question 14

Providing childcare is an example of a manifest function of the public school system.

Question 15

Social integration promotes a student's dedication to a national identity.

Question 16

Conflict theorists stress that the hidden curriculum in schools perpetuates social inequalities.

Question 17

The cultural transmission of values is a latent function of education.

Question 18

All U.S. states have mandatory education laws requiring children to attend school.

Question 19

The Rist research demonstrated that social class and not intellectual capability was the basis of how teachers assigned students to reading levels in kindergarten.

Question 20

Conflict theorists conclude that through the correspondence principle, the U.S. educational system is designed to turn students into dependable workers who will not question their bosses.

Question 21

What is the most popular way to accomplish gatekeeping?

A) creating a two-tier level of schools
B) charging tuition for students to attend the better schools
C) tracking or sorting students into different education programs
D) opening programs to all students

Question 22

What is the root of the word school as well as its literal meaning?

A) It comes from the Latin word scholastic, meaning academic.
B) It comes from the Old English word school that meant private facility.
C) It comes from the Greek word schole' meaning leisure.
D) It comes from the German word skool which means house of learning.

Question 23

Edinboro University of Pennsylvania is one of the largest "wheelchair" universities in the United States, providing access of all programs to all students and establishing special wheelchair programs in sports competition. This is an example of ________.

A) mainstreaming
B) acculturation
C) social integration
D) leveling

Question 24

Who was the educator from Massachusetts, who, in 1837, proposed the "common school" to be supported through tax dollars and established throughout the state?

A) Noah Webster
B) Horace Mann
C) James B. Watson
D) John Dewey

Question 25

What event created the belief that formal education was essential to the well-being of society?

A) the American Revolution
B) the industrialization of society
C) the discovery that the world was round
D) the invention of the steam-powered printing press

Question 26

Who was the sociologist who observed that industrialized nations are becoming credential societies?

A) Randall Collins
B) Michael Burawoy
C) Robert Merton
D) Pitirim Sorokin

Question 27

Who were the two Americans who proposed universal schooling as a means to create a uniform national culture?

A) John Dewey; William Julius Wilson
B) Horace Mann; Alexander Hamilton
C) Thomas Jefferson; Noah Webster
D) John Quincy Adams; John B. Watson

Question 28

What event was responsible for the change in the Russian education system in 1917?

A) World War I
B) the Russian Revolution
C) the emergence of the Stalin regime
D) the establishment of the Communist party

Question 29

Prior to a formal system of education that included schools, teachers, and diplomas how was the manifest function of education accomplished?

A) through a process of acculturation
B) through heredity and genetics
C) Children relied on instinct to develop skills needed.
D) Children relied on experimentation and imitation.

Question 30

Which group was most responsible for maintaining a level of literacy during the Dark Ages by focusing on learning Greek, Latin, and Hebrew?

A) nobles
B) property owners
C) sailors
D) monks

Question 31

What is the central sociological principle of education as it relates to a nation's needs?

A) It is a reflection of the nation's culture and economy.
B) It creates a system of labeling individuals to facilitate occupation and role.
C) It is a formal system necessary for international recognition.
D) It is the basis of developing a sense of national pride.

Question 32

Schools determining which people will enter what occupation based on their capabilities is referred to as ________.

A) mainstreaming
B) multicultural representation
C) telescoping
D) social placement

Question 33

When employers use diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even through the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work, it becomes a ________ society.

A) fiduciary
B) bifurcated
C) credential
D) bureaucratic

Question 34

One of the functions performed by schools is to promote a sense of national identity and stabilize the political system. This function is referred to as ________.

A) gatekeeping
B) social integration
C) mainstreaming
D) tracking

Question 35

From a functionalist perspective, what is the teaching of knowledge and skills which reinforces positive consequences in students?

A) required prerequisites
B) latent functions
C) manifest functions
D) social imperative

Question 36

How did Horace Mann propose that the common schools he established be funded?

A) federal funding
B) public taxation
C) private tuition
D) corporate donations

Question 37

What is the process by which schools pass a society's core values from one generation to the next?

A) cultural transmission of values
B) social integration of education
C) multiculturalism of society
D) social pluralism of culture

Question 38

What was necessary for education to develop as a separate social institution?

A) The feudal system had to end.
B) A sufficient number of people had to become literate.
C) The printing press had to be invented to permit the printing of books.
D) Society had to develop a sufficient surplus so some workers could become teachers.

Question 39

Although cooperation is a core value in Japan, Japanese students are admitted to college only on the basis of intense competition. This is an example of a ________.

A) cultural contradiction
B) value conflict
C) status inconsistency
D) role ambiguity

Question 40

The three functionalists who advocated gatekeeping as a means to support people on the basis of merit and advocated social placement were ________, ________, and ________.

A) Robert Merton; Talcott Parsons; Pitirim Sorokin
B) Kingsley Davis; Edwin Sutherland; Herbert Spencer
C) Talcott Parsons; Kingsley Davis; Wilbert Moore
D) Wilbert Moore; Michael Burawoy; John B. Watson

Question 41

You are taking an IQ test which will be used to determine your intelligence level. The first question asks you to identify all of the equipment you will need to play the game of shoeball. The second question asks the rules of the game. Finally, the third question asks you to explain how shoeball is scored and the number of points you need to win the game. Based on this question, what does the test demonstrate?

A) It accurately measures intelligence.
B) The test should be called a vocational aptitude test.
C) The test is totally unreliable.
D) It has a cultural bias in measuring intelligence.

Question 42

What is the concept that some jobs require few skills and can be performed by people of less intelligence?

A) multicultural representation
B) personal growth
C) social placement
D) dedicated workers

Question 43

In the research by Rosenthal and Jacobson, certain students identified as "spurters" excelled throughout the school year. How did Rosenthal and Jacobson select them?

A) They were the students who did the best academic work in their previous grade.
B) They were randomly chosen after taking a routine IQ test.
C) Spurters were from the families of the highest socioeconomic class.
D) Spurters were students from two-parent families of the dominant class.

Question 44

IQ tests measure not only intelligence but also ________.

A) social integration
B) skills
C) is acquired knowledge
D) higher math

Question 45

Based on the research of sociologist George Farkas, which two groups of students were most successful in signaling their teachers they were good students?

A) boys and African Americans
B) boys and Latina girls
C) girls and Asian Americans
D) girls and Latino Americans

Question 46

There are approximately ________ million students enrolled in high school, and another ________ million students enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities today.

A) 15; 13
B) 18; 25
C) 60; 40
D) 62; 60

Question 47

What is the correspondence principle?

A) The social structure of schools reflects their society.
B) Family structure is based on the school's structure.
C) Students learn more easily through distance education.
D) Large corporations control what is taught in U.S. schools.

Question 48

What do less rigorous teaching, dummied down textbooks and less reading have in common with watching television, and playing video and computer games?

A) All are related to low math scores on the SAT tests.
B) All are related to low verbal scores on the SAT tests.
C) They all contribute to poor testing on standardized tests.
D) They all contribute to poor academic skills among high school students.

Question 49

What do studies demonstrate in regard to the level of social skills home schooled students develop?

A) Home-schooled students are functionally illiterate when it comes to social skills.
B) Home-schooled students have significant behavioral problems.
C) Home-schooled students are shy and timid when encountering new social situations.
D) Home-schooled students are equal or do better than conventional schooled students.

Question 50

Using exceptionally simple questions on an exam and "dummying down" grading scales so everyone passes are examples of a growing problem in education called ________.

A) mediocrity
B) mainstreaming
C) gatekeeping
D) telescoping

Question 51

When Ray Rist conducted a participant observation study in an African American grade school, what did he conclude was the underlying basis for assigning children to different worktables in kindergarten?

A) students' preference
B) students' personality
C) sex of the student
D) social class

Question 52

How are public schools primarily funded?

A) federal grants
B) state grants
C) state and federal grants
D) local property taxes

Question 53

At Harvard University 90 percent of the students graduate with honors. The faculty recommend to counter this honors inflation limiting the percentage of students who could graduate with honors in any one class. This is an example of __________.

A) raising standards
B) honor curriculum
C) an equal playing field
D) academic distinction

Question 54

What do conflict theorists believe is the purpose of the hidden curriculum?

A) It encourages the mainstreaming of students.
B) It promotes individual change.
C) It maintains the power of teachers.
D) It promotes social inequalities.

Question 55

A sociologist who studied face-to-face interactions in the classroom between teachers and students would be emphasizing which sociological perspective?

A) symbolic interactionism
B) structural functionalism
C) the conflict perspective
D) the neo-conflict perspective

Question 56

Who developed the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy that explains why originally false assumptions become true because the outcome was predicted?

A) Talcott Parsons
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Robert Merton
D) Donald Cressey

Question 57

What social worker suggested the dice question for IQ tests?

A) Adrian Dove
B) Talcott Parsons
C) Michael Burawoy
D) Travis Henry

Question 58

According to Ray Rist's research, how long did it take for teachers to determine a child's potential success in school?

A) by the end of the first two weeks of kindergarten
B) the mid-year of kindergarten
C) the end of kindergarten
D) the end of first grade

Question 59

The most significant predictor of whether a student will attend college is his/her ________.

A) test scores
B) motivation
C) family background
D) personality

Question 60

Sociologists Rosenthal and Jacobson found that when teachers were told that certain students would probably spurt ahead during the year, those students actually did better than other students on IQ tests. What does this illustrate?

A) some students are more motivated
B) students will respond to teachers' expectations
C) students are predictable
D) education is the best route to success

Question 61

What is the major difference between distance learning in the past where a lesson was broadcast to thousands of students simultaneously and distance learning today?

A) Teachers today are more qualified to do distance learning than in the past.
B) Television sets are larger which makes watching the lesson more interesting.
C) Students enjoyed distance learning more in the past.
D) Technology has made distance learning interactive and more stimulating today.

Question 62

Provide reasons why home-schooled children score as highly as they do on a standardized test?

Question 63

Why is the United States becoming more and more of a credential society?

Question 64

If admission to college in Japan is highly competitive and based exclusively on national test scores, why are the students of wealthy families more likely to be admitted to college?

Question 65

Renee has difficulty in reading and writing. However, despite her problem with reading and writing, she has been passed into the next grade every year. This is an example of ________.

A) tracking
B) functional literacy
C) social promotion
D) mainstreaming

Question 66

Why did public education spread and develop a strong support system in the United States following the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?

Question 67

What was the purpose of social placement as proposed by Parsons, Davis, and Moore?

Question 68

In the United States today nearly half of all entering college freshmen have an overall high school grade-point average of 4.0, twice what it was in 1970. What is the reason for this increase in students with high grades?

A) Students are learning more.
B) Teachers have inflated grades.
C) Students now retain more information than before.
D) Most students can read at a higher grade level.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is least accurate based on the results sociologists discovered while researching school violence?

A) There is a trend toward greater school violence.
B) Boys die in school incidents at a rate three times greater than girls.
C) Shootings account for about three-fourths of all school related deaths.
D) The media is largely responsible for creating a myth there is greater school violence.

Question 70

According to a study of 15,000 students in public and Catholic schools, the superior test performance of students in Catholic schools in comparison to public schools was due to ________.

A) the dedication of the teacher to education
B) the social class of the student
C) higher standards and greater parent involvement
D) one-on-one tutoring

Question 71

In order to recruit a sufficient number of teachers in California, the competency level of teachers to be hired was lowered to a tenth grade level. Other states have made similar adjustments. How did the author of the text describe this change?

A) He called it "a necessary adjustment in American education."
B) He compared it to the Great Depression.
C) He blamed the universities for not doing a better job preparing teachers.
D) He called it "a national disgrace."

Question 72

What was the common school?

Question 73

Higher grades given for the same work or a general rise in student grades without a corresponding increase in learning is known as __________.

A) grade reward
B) education promotion
C) curriculum enhancement
D) grade inflation

Question 74

What was the requirement for fulfilling mandatory education laws in 1918?

Question 75

Why did two-year colleges change their name from junior college to community college?

Question 76

Identify two latent functions of education.

Question 77

To qualify as distance learning, what needs to be in effect?

A) The class must be held in a traditional classroom.
B) Students must be able to ask questions.
C) Students can come and go during class at their pleasure.
D) Students are not physically present with the instructor.

Question 78

What are some of the family functions that educational systems have greatly affected and even replaced in American society?

Question 79

Jed is 31 and qualifies as being functionally illiterate. Which of the following statements would best describe Jed's situation?

A) Jed has an IQ below the dull normal range.
B) Jed is suffering from attention deficit disorder.
C) Jed has difficulty reading and writing.
D) Jed has no social skills and has an antisocial personality.

Question 80

Based on the research of sociologists James Coleman and Thomas Hoffer, what is the reason Catholic school students score higher on tests than public school students?

A) Catholic schools have higher standards and greater parental involvement.
B) Catholic schools have smaller classes with fewer students.
C) Catholic schools have newer schools.
D) Catholic schools have fewer bureaucratic issues.