Deck 8: Race and Ethnicity: Defining Ourselves and Others

Question 1

According to Marxists, race is an ideology used to justify exploitation of minorities and immigrants.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

All identifiable ethnic groups can be identified by singular and specific definitions and categorizations.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The affective component of prejudice includes the emotions we attach to stereotypes associated with certain individuals.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

There is no specific gene associated with "race"; rather there are small genetic differences that can be attributed to geographic mobility of early humans.

Question 5

Minority groups are the smaller populations in Canada who are socially disadvantaged.

Question 6

Ethnicity is fixed, inflexible, and impermeable.

Question 7

Racism is part of Canada's history and current circumstances.

Question 8

Canada accepts immigrants and refugees partly on humanitarian and compassionate grounds.

Question 9

Canada signed the Refugee Convention in 1951, the same year that it was adopted by the United Nations.

Question 10

During World War II, only Japanese immigrants born outside Canada were interned.

Question 11

Immigrants and people who have been granted refugee status are referred to as permanent residents until they are able to apply for and achieve Canadian citizenship.

Question 12

Immigrant families are six times as likely as Aboriginal families to live in extended-family situations.

Question 13

Immigration patterns increase during times of economic upheaval and decrease during times of civil unrest.

Question 14

Children raised in immigrant families who also participate in the national culture where they live are considered polycultural.

Question 15

Aboriginal individuals earn on average $10,000 less per year than non-Aboriginal individuals.

Question 16

The immigrant population in Canada is less educated than the Canadian-born population.

Question 17

The cognitive and affective components of prejudice always correspond with the behavioural component of prejudice.

Question 18

Authoritarian parenting can be lead to rebellion, aggression, lower grades in school, and substance use.

Question 19

The formative period of multiculturalism focused on implementation of programs and procedures to ensure equal participation by minorities within institutional structures.

Question 20

Proponents of the split labour market theory suggest that white workers suffer as a consequence of racial and ethnic antagonisms.

Question 21

According to the text, what kind of immigrants have to be sponsored by close relatives who have already immigrated to Canada?

A)Geneva Convention refugees
B)economic immigrants
C) country of asylum refugees
D) family-class immigrants

Question 22

Canada has recently been criticized for altering the refugee determination system and the subsequent changes for refugees currently residing in Canada.

Question 23

Today, sociologists emphasize that race is more of a biological reality than a social creation.

Question 24

According to Statistics Canada the (2014), how many ethnic origins were reported for the questions about objective ethnicity?

A)25
B)50
C) 100
D) 200

Question 25

Racial and ethnic diversity is increasing in Canada.

Question 26

White workers may use racial discrimination against non-whites to protect their position, particularly when upper-tier workers feel threatened by lower-tier workers. What theory is this sort of explanation of prejudice based on?

A)split labour market theory
B)social learning theory
C) authoritarian personality theory
D) scapegoat theory

Question 27

The diffuse adaption pattern occurs when people are uncertain about which culture they should or should not identify with.

Question 28

What term does the text use to refer to how you personally identify your ethnicity?

A)objective ethnicity
B)subjective ethnicity
C) cultural ethnicity
D) personal ethnicity

Question 29

Hate crimes are criminal offences against members of minority groups.

Question 30

Damian is a member of a visible minority and has worked on the factory line for 10 years. He feels he deserves a chance as a manager. The last new manager hired was a man who had worked for the factory for only five years, but was Caucasian. Damian believes that he was passed over because of his skin colour. Which of the following does Damian believe he has experienced?

A)the glass ceiling
B)discrimination
C) frustration-aggression
D) institutional racism

Question 31

According to the text, what is the main difference between race and ethnicity?

A)Race is physical attributes; ethnicity is cultural characteristics.
B)Race is cultural characteristics; ethnicity is physical attributes.
C) People can be multiracial, but they can't be multi-ethnic.
D) Racial categorizations are more scientifically determined.

Question 32

According to the text, what is the term used when a minority group is separated from the dominant group?

A)population split
B)ghettoization
C) segregation
D) social division

Question 33

European explorers spread out across what became North America to find resources and claim territory for their home countries. As a feature of the Enlightenment, rational scientific thought on racial differences justified oppressive expansionist practices. In this progression of exploration and colonization, what social process were Indigenous groups subject to?

A)biological discrimination
B)racialization
C) cultural assimilation
D) ethnic categorization

Question 34

The problem with ethnocentrism is that your standards are used as a frame of reference for negatively evaluating the behaviour of other groups.

Question 35

Stan is a third-generation descendant of Chinese immigrants. He works as a volunteer at a local food bank in a mid-sized Western Canadian city. The city has a large Aboriginal population who, due to the legacy of colonization, poverty, and social barriers, are frequent clients of the food bank. Due to his physical features of non-Caucasian skin colour and black hair, he is often asked about his "Aboriginal" ancestry and is commended for helping his "people." According to the text, what two categorizations are being incorrectly integrated?

A)visible minority status and subjective ethnicity
B)cultural characteristics and racial profiling
C) ethnicity and race
D) objective and subjective ethnicity

Question 36

According to your text, to whom does the term "les femmes du pays" apply?

A)European women who emigrate to Canada to marry wealthy Canadian merchants in Quebec
B)European women who migrated with their husbands to Western Canada to participate as farm wives in Western settlement
C) Aboriginal country wives of European traders
D) Métis wives of French Canadian farmers

Question 37

Immigrants are more likely to live in extended families than non-immigrants.
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Question 38

An Aboriginal child at a residential school was likely physically and/or emotionally abused.

Question 39

Despite being a first-generation Jamaican-Canadian citizen, a young man registers himself as simply Canadian on a recent census-even though the census form would allow him to acknowledge his ethnic roots. What implications does this have for the concept of ethnicity?

A)It is situational, variable, and flexible.
B)It poses hazards for ongoing conflict.
C) It is fixed, static, and measurable.
D) It is inferior to racial definitions.

Question 40

Between immigrants and Canadian-born citizens, level of education has little influence on income disparity. According to the text, what is the average difference in income between immigrants and Canadian-born citizens, at all income levels?

A)Immigrants earn 15% less per year.
B)Immigrants earn about $13,000 per year less than Canadian-born workers.
C) Non-Aboriginals earn 20 % more per year.
D) An immigrant with a graduate degree earns on average about $7,500 less than a Canadian-born person with a graduate degree.

Question 41

After the terrorist bombings in the United States in 2001, some airline passengers overheard a group of other passengers speaking Arabic and demanded that the foreigners be taken off the plane. The airline employees had the foreign-born passengers disembark. What term best describes this incident?

A)prejudice
B)racism
C) discrimination
D) bigotry

Question 42

Which of the following would most likely be classified as a member of a minority group in Canada?

A)a Chinese man
B)a white man with northern European ancestry
C) a French Canadian man
D) a man from France

Question 43

According to the text, which of the following statements distinguishes between realistic conflict theorists and split labour market theorists on racism?

A)Realistic conflict theorists assume the middle class is the engine of racist thinking, while split labour market theorists assume that the capitalist class is.
B)Realistic conflict theorists assume that the capitalist class is the engine of racist thinking, while split labour market theorists assume that the working class is the engine of racist thinking.
C) Realistic conflict theorists assume that the working class is the engine of racist thinking, while split labour market theorists assume that the capitalist class is the engine of racist thinking.
D) Realistic conflict theorists assume the working class is the engine of racist thinking, while split labour market theorists assume that the middle class is.

Question 44

Which of the following demonstrates how institutional racism normally manifests itself?

A)underrepresentation of visible minorities in management positions at a cable company
B)hate crimes against Asians
C) complaints to a Human Rights Commission
D) explicit hiring policies at an airline that prevent new immigrants from applying

Question 45

According to the text, what is the label assigned to an immigrant who is blamed for the difficulties of a Canadian-born person?

A)unwanted
B)blame-target
C) scapegoat
D) employed

Question 46

According to the text, what kind of immigrants would be considered independent?

A)Geneva Convention refugees
B)economic immigrants
C) country of asylum refugees
D) family-class immigrants

Question 47

A 1991 study by the Canadian Civil Liberties Association found that 11 out of 15 employment agencies agreed to accept discriminatory job orders. Which of the following types of racism does this illustrate?

A)systemic
B)unintentional
C) institutionalized
D) polite

Question 48

Huong, a Canadian-born woman of Chinese descent, was preparing a paper on her family's immigration history for a Cultural Geography course. She took into account the various oppressive federal and social policies that had affected her great grandparents and as they attempted to become Canadian citizens. According to the Galabuzi, in federal policies and documents like Statistics Canada publications, rather than the old category of "visible minority," what official term should Huong use in her paper to describe her family?

A)culturally marginalized groups
B)ethnically diverse community
C) racialized community
D) racialized group

Question 49

According to the text, between 2006 and 2011 (Statistics Canada), what were the top three source countries for immigrants who moved to Canada?

A)Pakistan, Nigeria, China
B)Philippines, China, and Iran
C) China, Philippines, and India
D) China, Japan, and India

Question 50

Which of the following accurately reflects the difference between the term "minority" and "visible minority"?

A)A visible minority refers to non-white individuals.
B)A visible minority refers to all women and non-white people.
C) A visible minority refers to Aboriginal people.
D) A visible minority refers to a shorthand slang term for anyone who looks different than the norm.

Question 51

What term do sociologists use for the group whose members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group, because of physical or cultural characteristics, and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination?

A)socially depressed
B)minority
C) marginalized
D) powerless

Question 52

According to the text, which group is most likely to live in extended family homes?

A)Aboriginal people
B)Europeans
C) South Americans
D) Asians

Question 53

What term does the text use for "the process by which racial categories are constructed as different and unequal in ways that have social, economic, and political consequences"?

A)discrimination
B)cultural diversity
C) racialization
D) radicalization

Question 54

According to the text, what are objective elements/definitions of ethnicity based upon?

A)a sense of belonging, or a shared "we feeling"
B)language, customs, national origin, and ancestry
C) labels and definitions applied by out-groups
D) definitions of the in-group that defines itself

Question 55

Joseph, four siblings, his parents, and his grandparents share a home. Joseph and his family have recently moved to the city from an Aboriginal reserve in northern Manitoba. According to the text, why might this family choose to live as an extended family?

A)to ensure the passing on of cultural tractions from elders
B)to allow for ease of religious worship among the fairy
C) extended families can offer support and protection in a racialized society
D) to have the grandparents to care the younger children in the children's own home

Question 56

With respect to race and ethnicity, what are interactionist theories about?

A)They are about individually ascribed mental and physical advantages and disadvantages.
B)They are about racial prejudices and attitudes caused by inbred, biological dispositions.
C) They are about social problems caused by the nature of economic inequality in society.
D) They are about racial prejudices and attitudes learned through social interactions.

Question 57

What process puts prejudice into practice?

A)discrimination
B)ethnocentrism
C) alienation
D) stereotyping

Question 58

Tarik's parents encouraged him to participate in activities in their Bosnian community in Canada, but he refused, telling his parents that he was "Canadian." Five years later, however, he became active in the community, volunteered at a Bosnian cultural centre, and called himself "Bosnian." What does this case study demonstrate?

A)Group ethnicity is stronger than individual ethnicity.
B)Denying one's ethnicity is problematic.
C) Ethnicity can change.
D) Growing up in Canada is confusing for immigrant youth.

Question 59

A young man grew up in the U.S. Deep South; his grandfather and father were both members of the Ku Klux Klan, and he is a member of the Klan-with an abiding hatred of minorities. Which type of social theory predicts this man's prejudice?

A)interactionist
B)social-psychological
C) power-conflict
D) Marxist

Question 60

According to the text, which of the following is an example of systemic discrimination?

A)specifically naming Aboriginal peoples in Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms
B)the Parliament of Canada apologizing to Aboriginal people for residential school abuses
C) awarding Japanese Canadians cash awards for wrongs suffered during World War II
D) imposing height restrictions as part of the screening process for applicants to the police force

Question 61

What term is used in the text to refer to a group of people who can be distinguished by themselves and others on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics?

A)a minority group
B)a nation state
C) a racial group
D) an ethnic group

Question 62

What label is given to the pattern of adaptation used by immigrant youth who identify with both their heritage cultures and their new, national cultures?

A)ethnic pattern
B)national pattern
C) diffuse pattern
D) integration pattern

Question 63

Income disparity between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in Canada is significant. According to the text, what is the average difference between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people incomes?

A)Aboriginals earn 25% less per year.
B)Non-Aboriginals earn 18.4 % more per year.
C) An Aboriginal with a BA earns on average about $5,500 less than a non-Aboriginal with a BA.
D) Aboriginals earn about $10,000 per year less than non-Aboriginals.

Question 64

What is a "dominant" group?

A)the group with the greatest number of people
B)the group with the most education
C) the group with the most power and privilege
D) the group that uses force to control the minority group

Question 65

According to the text, which of the following factors has the greatest influence on the income disparity between the immigrant and Canadian-born populations?

A)education
B)skill level
C) profession
D) recency of immigration

Question 66

According to the text, what is racism?

A)It is mostly a biological category.
B)It is largely a thing of the past.
C) It is primarily a form of prejudice
D) It is primarily associated with radical countercultures looking for change.

Question 67

According to the text, what term is used to describe a child who is exposed to characteristics of the family heritage when at home and participates in the national culture of the country where he or she lives when outside the home?

A)cultural liaison
B)bicultural
C) ethnic-national
D) ethnically balanced

Question 68

According to the text, when a person's nationality is based in part on physical appearance, what social phenomenon is occurring?

A)Race is integrated into conceptions of ethnicity.
B)Ethnicity is integrated into conceptions of race.
C) Nationality is more important than ethnicity.
D) Cultural racism is prioritized over cultural ethnicity.

Question 69

Canada grants visas for foreigners to enter the country at various times and for various reasons. For example, visas are granted to let female Jamaicans work as nannies, to let male Mexicans harvest crops, and to let female Russians work as exotic dancers. When these visas expire, the people have to go home. Which theory of ethnic relations best accounts for this kind of practice?

A)primordialist theory
B)social-psychological theory
C) split labour market theory
D) normative theory

Question 70

The reserve system forced Aboriginal communities to give up most of their traditional sociocultural, spiritual, and political systems. According to the text, what was the goal of the Gradual Civilization Act of 1857 and the Gradual Civilization Act of 1869?

A)acculturation
B)pacification
C) reconciliation
D) ethnocide

Question 71

According to the text, which of the following is a conclusion of the scientific community concerning racial differences?

A)Racial classification is based on sound science.
B)Outward appearance definitions are reasonable.
C) Genetic differences are behaviourally significant.
D) Genetic differences between groups are small.

Question 72

What would someone be called who holds a negative attitude about people of colour based on preconceived notions about them?

A)prejudiced
B)a discriminator
C) stereotyped
D) a scapegoater

Question 73

According to the text, what is systemic discrimination?

A)It is inclusive social practices built into prominent social structures of society.
B)It is a belief in the biological superiority of some groups over others in society.
C) It is seemingly unintentional restrictions on certain groups through neutral regulations.
D) It is seeing some groups as being culturally different and therefore causing social problems.

Question 74

Brazilians of Japanese descent who emigrate back to Japan have been told they are "too Brazilian" to fit into the conservative Japanese culture. As a result, they become "more Brazilian" by organizing samba parades, wearing brightly coloured clothing, and speaking Portuguese in public. What type of ethnic construction does this demonstrate?

A)objective
B)subjective
C) translational
D) racial

Question 75

According to the text, anti-miscegenation laws were intended for what purpose?

A)to prohibit interracial marriages
B)to divide communities by race
C) to avoid racial tensions
D) to prevent segregation

Question 76

Which of the following groups was subject to a head tax as part of Canada's racist immigration policy?

A)Jews
B)South Asians
C) Chinese
D) Japanese

Question 77

Zainab is a 20-year-old woman who emigrated from Iraq to Canada with her family in 2008. At home among her extended family and family friends, she dresses and acts as is expected of a young Iraqi woman. Upon her return to her university dormitory, she dresses and acts according to dominant Western norms. This causes her much distress as she is not sure if she should behave this way. What term best describes Zainab's adaptation pattern?

A)psychological adaptation pattern
B)sociocultural adaption pattern
C) diffuse pattern
D) cultural adaptation pattern

Question 78

What label is given to the pattern of adaptation used by immigrant youth who identify primarily with their new, national culture?

A)ethnic pattern
B)national pattern
C) diffuse pattern
D) integration pattern

Question 79

The text cites the federal government's reserve system for status Indians as a blatant example of which of the following?

A)population transfer
B)accommodation
C) structural assimilation
D) amalgamation

Question 80

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the age when youth move out of the family home in Canada?

A)family socioeconomic status
B)family connectedness
C) community participation
D) recency of immigration