Deck 3: I Am Canadian: What Is Canadian Culture

Question 1

Ethnocentrism is based on the assumption that one's own way of life is superior to all others.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is the term used by sociologists for a group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviours that differ in some significant way from that of the larger society?

A)a subculture
B)a counterculture
C) a contraculture
D) an ethnic neighbourhood

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Canada is one of the few societies that has no identifiable value contradictions.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to conflict theorists, ideology is a tool used by the elite to maintain their position of dominance in society.

Question 5

Culture is the sum of the social environment in which we are raised and continue to be socialized throughout our lives.

Question 6

What is the term for the belief that the behaviours and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the culture's own standards?

A)cultural xenocentrism
B)diversity in practice
C) cultural relativism
D) reverse ethnocentrism

Question 7

Judging another culture exclusively by the standards of one's own culture is called ethnocentrism.

Question 8

The downside of cultural relativism is that it may be used to excuse customs and behaviour that violate basic human rights.

Question 9

According to the text, signs of disapproval are often conveyed through use of which communication strategy?

A)yelling
B)intonation
C) interrogation
D) nonverbal means

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of ethnocentrism?

A)respecting cultural differences no matter what
B)assuming democracy is the best social model
C) finding what others eat intriguing and interesting
D) seeing other religions as on a par with your own

Question 11

Cultures generally remain static.

Question 12

The title "firefighter" was introduced to reduce gendered cultural constructions.
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Question 13

Countercultures are subversive subcultures, but they rarely pose a serious threat to social stability.

Question 14

Cultural values are an individual's idea about what actions are considered right or wrong within his or her society.

Question 15

Language is the primary facilitator of culture because it enables us to pass knowledge on from one generation to the next.

Question 16

What has the functionalist perspective on culture been criticized for?

A)focusing on how societies meet their needs
B)not acknowledging unfair treatment of some groups
C) downplaying the role of stability and cooperation
D) overemphasizing a micro-level analysis of society

Question 17

Canadians may believe that they are law abiding, but will routinely fail to wear a seat belt or slow down in school zones. What does this demonstrate?

A)a discrepancy between ideal culture and real culture
B)the difference between Canadians and Americans
C) the differences between a law and a more
D) a discrepancy between cultural universals and value contradictions

Question 18

Proscriptive norms state what behaviours are appropriate and acceptable.

Question 19

High culture in Canada includes symbols such as maple syrup, Canadian beer, and poutine.

Question 20

According to the text, what pronoun should be used in job postings to reinforce gender equality in society?

A)s/he
B)he or she
C) he
D) she

Question 21

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a core Canadian value?

A)accommodation and tolerance
B)support for diversity
C) honesty and justice
D) compassion and generosity

Question 22

Students in primary school are expected to address their teachers as "Mr.," "Mrs.," or "Ms. [surname]" rather than by their first names. When students follow the rules and refer to their teacher as "Miss May" for example, with which of the following sociological terms are they performing consistently?

A)conferred status
B)role expectations
C) expected norms
D) good manners

Question 23

Which of the following is the best example of a taboo in Canadian society?

A)picking your nose in public
B)having sexual relations with someone from within your own family
C) driving at the speed limit
D) dating an individual from another ethnic background

Question 24

Jolene texts her boyfriend that she is running late. She ends the text with "XO." According to the text, what label can be given to the "XO"?

A)technological change
B)an informal norm
C) diffusion
D) a symbol

Question 25

Josh sits in the cafeteria at lunchtime, but does not eat. According to the text, which of the following behaviours is he exhibiting by not eating?

A)He is following cultural privacy norms.
B)He is challenging a taboo.
C) He is breaking a folkway.
D) He is undermining hypocrisy.

Question 26

Why is language so important in the construction of culture?

A)It enables the transfer of knowledge.
B)It is part of material culture.
C) It makes subcultures possible.
D) It enables the distinction of allophones.

Question 27

Punk rockers espoused values that were anti-establishment. Punkers shunned regular employment, took drugs, and wore garish clothes. The lyrics to their songs railed against the established order. According to sociologists, what kind of group has such antisocial values?

A)a youth culture
B)a subculture
C) a counterculture
D) a protest culture

Question 28

According to the text, what is the Canadian Multiculturalism Act intended to reflect?

A)the laws of Canada
B)the policies of Canada
C) the mores of Canadians
D) the core values of Canadians

Question 29

According to the text, which of the following statements best describes mores?

A)informal norms that may be violated without serious consequences
B)norms that are not considered to be highly essential to the stability of society
C) norms based on cultural values and considered crucial to maintain social control
D) learned patterns of behaviour that can vary markedly from one society to another

Question 30

Which of the following statements would a conflict theorist agree with?

A)Popular culture may be the "glue" that holds society together.
B)Popular culture is often constructed by the mass media.
C) Popular culture may be dysfunctional if it undermines core cultural values.
D) Popular culture may help us temporarily forget the problems we face in everyday life.

Question 31

Which of the following terms refers to customs and practices that occur across all societies?

A)symbols
B)beliefs
C) norms
D) cultural universals

Question 32

Which of the following is the best example of a proscriptive norm?

A)standing during the national anthem
B)giving up your seat on a bus to a pregnant woman
C) wearing clothing
D) texting in class during a lecture

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?

A)an act of kindness
B)a train
C) a flash drive
D) a house

Question 34

According to the text, which of the following is the primary facilitator of culture?

A)knowledge
B)norms
C) language
D) culture

Question 35

What do sociologists call intangibles produced by intellectual or spiritual development and the use of artifacts in a given culture?

A)material culture
B)nonmaterial culture
C) biological instinct
D) social values

Question 36

What term is used for groups that strongly reject the dominant societal values and norms and seek alternative lifestyles?

A)subcultures
B)countercultures
C) contracultures
D) infracultures

Question 37

Which of the following is the term for a shared system of communication that includes spoken, written, and signed forms of speech as well as nonverbal gestures used to convey meaning?

A)knowledge
B)social reality
C) language
D) culture

Question 38

Which of the following involves participating in material culture?

A)attending a religious service
B)driving on a highway
C) going to the theatre
D) studying a new language

Question 39

According to the text, which of the following is a core Canadian value?

A)accommodation and tolerance
B)pay equity and employment equity
C) honesty and justice
D) kindness and love

Question 40

The text discusses a variety of criteria for norms of different types. Which of the following statements regarding norms is accurate according to the text?

A)All norms are of equal importance.
B)Mores are the least important type of norm.
C) Norms have specific behavioural expectations.
D) Taboos are a more serious type of folkway.

Question 41

Which of the following is the best example of a gender-neutral term?

A)maid
B)actress
C) councilman
D) flight attendant

Question 42

Which of the following terms would a sociologist use to refer to specific behavioural expectations of any society?

A)prescriptions
B)values
C) codes of conduct
D) norms

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?

A)Hutterites
B)hippies in the 1960s
C) 1990s rave drug enthusiasts
D) Italian Canadians

Question 44

"I think everyone should learn English so that everyone in the world can communicate more efficiently." This statement is a reflection of which social phenomenon?

A)ethnocentrism
B)globalization
C) linguistic authority
D) linguistic dominance

Question 45

Every day when you get up out of bed, you brush your teeth, apply deodorant, then select and put on appropriate clothing. What are all of these actions examples of?

A)formal norms
B)folkways
C) mores
D) laws

Question 46

What do we call viewing the world from the perspective of one's own culture?

A)primary process thinking
B)neo-tribalism
C) ethnocentrism
D) cultural bias

Question 47

According to the text, what label is given when people come to accept cultural norms and follow them without even being aware that they are doing so?

A)internalization of norms
B)unconscious culture
C) unconscious norms
D) cultural acceptance

Question 48

According to the text, what part of Canadian culture is hockey?

A)a norm
B)a symbol
C) an activity
D) a material part

Question 49

Which of the following are informal norms that are based in accepted tradition and demonstrate respect for the generalized other?

A)informal sanctions
B)taboos
C) folkways
D) everyday customs

Question 50

One of Maya's professors constantly uses the term "mankind" in place of the term "humanity." Why does Maya find this annoying?

A)It masks the relationship between language and gender.
B)Using the masculine form ignores women and makes them invisible.
C) It standardizes language and makes it more objective.
D) "Humanity" is a gender-exclusive term.

Question 51

"You don't really mean to chew with your mouth open, do you?" What function does this statement serve?

A)It constructs cultural norms.
B)It encourages rational action.
C) It creates cultural discomfort.
D) It enforces a proscriptive norm.

Question 52

Which of the following is the most likely reaction when a person violates a folkway?

A)an informal sanction
B)a formal sanction
C) a positive sanction
D) a prescriptive norm

Question 53

What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis argue?

A)Language imprisons people.
B)Language is common to both animals and humans.
C) Language shapes how its speakers view reality.
D) Language is less important than symbols in determining how we view the world.

Question 54

Near Kitchener, Ontario, are peaceful communities of Mennonites who practise their religion, live apart from mainstream society, wear their own style of clothes, and practise farming with minimal mechanization. What term do sociologists apply to people living this lifestyle?

A)foreign culture
B)subculture
C) counterculture
D) subversive culture

Question 55

Which of the following statements regarding cultural universals is NOT true?

A)Cultural universals include appearance, activities, institutions, and customary practices.
B)The specific form of cultural universals is constant from one time to another within the same group.
C) The specific form of cultural universals is constant from one group to another.
D) Sociologists are in agreement that cultural universals are the result of functional necessity.

Question 56

Which of the following best explains why those who break mores are more severely sanctioned than those who break folkways?

A)Informal norms may not be violated without serious consequences.
B)Breaking a more is universally offensive.
C) Mores are based on cultural values and are needed to maintain social control.
D) All mores are considered taboos and subject to severe sanctions.

Question 57

Which of the following is a functionalist likely to argue about culture?

A)Societies that share a common language and core values are unlikely to have dysfunctions.
B)Societies in which people share a common language and core values are more likely to have consensus and harmony.
C) A group's values, norms, and taboos are biologically transmitted from one generation to another.
D) Values and norms help create and sustain the privileged position of the powerful in society while excluding others.

Question 58

Near Niyamgiri Mountain in eastern India lives the Dongria tribe, a people who worship the mountain and have developed an eco-friendly lifestyle that includes honouring ancient and highly productive agricultural traditions. What term best identifies the Dongria lifestyle?

A)culture
B)nation
C) society
D) community

Question 59

What do sociologists call the tools and techniques humans use that are taken from nature?

A)material culture
B)legal sanctions
C) biological instinct
D) social values

Question 60

What is the assumption that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others?

A)group superiority
B)ethnocentrism
C) the authoritarian personality
D) self-centredness

Question 61

Using examples, outline different types of material culture and the impact of material culture on social life.

Question 62

Discuss popular culture, taking the view of a conflict theorist. Be sure to provide examples to support your analysis.

Question 63

Outline the role of culture, as opposed to nature, in the shaping of patterns of human behaviour and interaction.

Question 64

Outline the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and offer an example that demonstrates the hypothesis.

Question 65

Define ethnocentrism and provide examples of its manifestations.

Question 66

How does language shape cultural realities? Use examples to demonstrate your argument.

Question 67

When an archeologist finds a piece of pottery from 5,000 years ago, what aspect of human activity is this evidence of?

A)the ability to carry water
B)the ability to make fire
C) the ability to produce material goods
D) the ability to think abstractly

Question 68

What is the relationship between cultural relativism and ethnocentrism? Provide definitions of both and provide examples.