Deck 15: Globalization: the Interconnected World

Question 1

The notion of individual merit is a key aspect of neoliberalism. The text notes that the "fittest" will rise to positions of power and management that require specific expertise and skills and that the weak will accept lesser positons in the productive schema of a nation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Globalization has effectively abolished the reality of social inequality across the world's populations.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Neoliberalism is a unique blend of liberal, conservative, and socialist ideals that allows for individual merit, individual success, and the eventual redistribution of wealth for the collective well-being of society through Keynesian economic processes.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Modernization theorists believe that entrepreneurship and competitiveness are the values underlying capitalism and development.

Question 5

In 2009, 44 of the top 100 economies in the world were corporations rather than countries.

Question 6

Bollywood releases more films per year than Hollywood and, therefore, has more cultural influence around the world.

Question 7

The power of nation states has been transferred completely to regional trade bodies.

Question 8

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a tripartite agency of the United Nations that gives equal voice to workers, employers, and governments in shaping policies and programs related to labour standards.

Question 9

Modernization theory assumes that all nations industrialize in the same manner.

Question 10

The World Trade Organization was created after World War II in an effort to stabilize flows of international currency.

Question 11

Different political and economic interests struggle to promote their own brands of globalization.

Question 12

Global civil society benefits when power is transferred unilaterally to nation-states through the social condition of globality.

Question 13

Globalization can affect people's health.

Question 14

Tourism has influenced globalization.

Question 15

Dependency theorists and their supporters like to blame developing countries for their lack of progress.

Question 16

Dependency theory explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by richer nations.

Question 17

With globalization, the power of nation-states declines.

Question 18

Harlequin Canada is a very successful publisher and is increasing global sales through the purchase of and integration of digital readers and eBooks.

Question 19

Financial institutions such the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and the World Trade Organization were created to control the transfer of funds to nations that were wavering between joining the Soviet bloc and democratically led nations.

Question 20

Social analysts agree that income inequality between nations is quickly becoming a problem of the past.

Question 21

Dependency theory emphasizes the importance of core, semiperipheral, and peripheral nations.

Question 22

Jack told David to stop making fun of Fernando who was still living with his parents at the age of 25. Jack had read online about how, in some cultures, children live at home until they marry, regardless of age. According to the text, which benefit of globalization is this incident an example of?

A)improvement in the lives of ordinary people
B)reduced bullying of immigrants
C) expansion of family lifestyle options
D) greater understanding and tolerance between groups

Question 23

Abdul's favourite Italian bakery down the street went out of business because it was unable to compete with the multinational corporations. According to the text, which of the following negative consequences of globalization does this situation exemplify?

A)social
B)economic
C) institutional
D) cultural

Question 24

According to the text, what is the difference between globalization and globality?

A)Globalization is a process while globality is a condition.
B)Globalization is a condition while globality is a process.
C) Globalization is historical while globality is current.
D) Globalization is current while globality is historical.

Question 25

If you claimed that global poverty arose from nations such as the United States exploiting nations such as Haiti, Uganda, and Vietnam, you would be following the same assumptions as which of the following theories?

A)world systems theory
B)new international division of labour theory
C) modernization theory
D) dependency theory

Question 26

When Victor calls for technical support with his computer, he speaks to someone in India. He gets angry about this situation because his brother is a computer wizard, but can't find work here in Canada. What is the market phenomenon that has created this situation?

A)global demand
B)customer care
C) global-local service
D) outsourcing

Question 27

Potentially negative consequences of globalization include increased conflict, terrorism, organized crime networks, and environmental destruction.

Question 28

According to modernization theory, which societal characteristics are necessary for development?

A)openness to change
B)values embracing entrepreneurship
C) values embracing cooperation
D) an impoverished environment

Question 29

According to modernization theory, one of the largest barriers to development in low-income nations is traditional values.

Question 30

According to the text, what is one of the primary justifications used by neoliberal supporters of globalization?

A)Globalization will improve the living conditions of people in the developing world.
B)Globalization will reduce political tensions between contributing countries.
C) Globalization will create stability in the economies of the developing world.
D) Globalization will create an interdependence that will lead to greater equality.

Question 31

According to the text, organized crime has benefited from globalization. Which of the following has NOT assisted organized crime?

A)communication technologies
B)ease of transportation of people
C) reduced power of nations
D) facilitated flow of goods

Question 32

The race to the bottom refers to lower wages, declining working conditions, and job insecurity in the developing world, not the developed world.

Question 33

Globalization is objectively defined as the spread of what is good in America, such as a liberal approach to business, and McDonald's.
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Question 34

According to the text, what is one of the major criticisms of the International Monetary Fund?

A)The IMF is not respected by the United States.
B)The IMF does not facilitate development as it was intended to do.
C) Europe has secured one-third of the votes for IMF directors.
D) The poorest nations have no direct influence on IMF policies or programs.

Question 35

According to the text, a lack of electricity forces people to burn wood, coal, and dung for household survival. This results in approximately 1.5 million deaths per year.

Question 36

According to modernization theorists, why are developing countries economically disadvantaged?

A)Restrictions on economic development exist.
B)They have not yet adopted Western values.
C) Liberalism has thwarted economic development.
D) There is not enough local governance.

Question 37

Modernization theory holds that undeveloped countries must follow the road travelled by successful Western democratic societies.

Question 38

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1989 was considered a harbinger of modern globalization processes. According to the text, which term can be used to characterize this historical event that enabled people to reimagine a world without boundaries, with the free movement of goods, services and information?

A)the system of international Free Trade organizations and policies that link economic trade parties
B)the shift from globalization to glocalization
C) the economic philosophy of neoliberalism
D) the social condition of globality

Question 39

An American company decided to move its production facility from Wyoming to Mexico. According to the text, what was the rationale behind this decision?

A)The move increased international sales of its products.
B)The move significantly reduced labour and other production costs.
C) The move enabled the company to benefit from reduced corporate taxes.
D) The move meant the company could increase stock values through increased sales.

Question 40

The text likens neoliberalism to which popular theoretical process?

A)Darwin's biological process of "natural selection"
B)Keynesian theory of macro economics and the role of aggregate demand
C) Adam Smith's theory of "the invisible hand"
D) the Truman Doctrine

Question 41

Countries that participate in structural adjustment programs have certain imposed requirements placed on them. According to the text, which of the following is one of the primary requirements?

A)increased tariffs
B)reduced spending on social programs
C) product-specific tariffs
D) increased spending on social programs

Question 42

According to the text, global justice movements are formed in resistance to which of the following?

A)globalization
B)glocalization
C) corporate imperialism
D) neoliberalism

Question 43

The International Labour Organization (ILO) has four objectives to ensure that globalization has a fair outcome for all. Which of the following is NOT one of those objectives?

A)promote employment by creating a sustainable institutional and economic environment
B)develop and enhance measures of social security and labour protection
C) promote social dialogue in order to create social progress
D) ensure economic success to ensure continued employment opportunities

Question 44

What label has been given to the cultural influence exerted by the United States around the world?

A)Americanization
B)U.S. imperialism
C) cultural control
D) globalization

Question 45

According to the text, what is the concept of neoliberalism about?

A)new members of a political party
B)humanitarian work done by the United Nations
C) faith in the market and a retreat from state spending
D) individuals who are part of social movements of liberation

Question 46

Pia is a 4-month-old child who was born to an impoverished family in the Global South. Her parents work when employment is available in their locality but their wages are so low that they are categorized as "working poor." Pia is subject to an uncertain future. According to the text, how many of the world's children die before their first birthday due to poverty and the lack of access to basic human necessities?

A)9.5 million
B)7 million
C) 17 million
D) 900 million

Question 47

Globalization is a contested issue as far as equitable access and accrual of benefits to all of the world's citizens. According to the text, what percentage of the world's wealth is owned by the poorest 20% of the world?

A)between 15 and 20%
B)less than 10%
C) between 1 and 5%
D) less than 1%

Question 48

According to the author, more and more people around the world are eating lunch at McDonalds while local restaurants shut down. What trend resulting from globalization does this reflect?

A)American empire
B)cultural homogenization
C) increased cultural production abroad
D) reduced production costs

Question 49

According to the text, what is one clear sign of cultural homogenization due to globalization?

A)the uniformity of fashion
B)the closure of small restaurants
C) the decline of local businesses
D) the loss of languages

Question 50

With the globalization of production, what is the easiest way to reduce the price of products produced?

A)reduce wages
B)reduce production time
C) reduce demand
D) reduce company profits

Question 51

According to the text, why are farmers in developing countries unable to compete with Canadian and American produce?

A)Developing countries cannot offer farmers subsidies due to the requirements to participate in structural adjustment programs.
B)Developed countries do not require subsidies to make their produce accessible to the local market.
C) The structural adjustment programs put a $1 million cap on the amount of subsidies available to farmers in developing countries.
D) Travel subsidies are not sufficient to bring produce in at a reasonable rate.

Question 52

In world systems theory, what is the name given to those countries that are most vulnerable to exploitation?

A)core nations
B)semiperipheral nations
C) peripheral nations
D) external areas

Question 53

What activities do the policies of neoliberalism promote?

A)reduced individual responsibility for health and education
B)increased government spending and increased social responsibility
C) increased government regulation of domestic capital markets
D) decreased government regulation and increased freedom of market forces

Question 54

Which of the following theoretical approaches argues that unequal exchange is an obstacle to development in poorer countries?

A)stunted-economy theory
B)globalization theory
C) dependency theory
D) modernization theory

Question 55

According to the text, what has happened to manufacturing jobs under the influence of globalization?

A)They have steadily increased around the world.
B)They have remained in developed countries.
C) They have been reduced due to technological investment.
D) They have moved into low-wage countries.

Question 56

The country of Afghanistan, dependent on other nations for capital, would be classified as which of the following?

A)peripheral
B)core
C) semiperipheral
D) dependent

Question 57

If the world's population were to shrink to 100 people, which of the following proportional statements would reflect the social condition of those 100 people?

A)Thirty people could afford to own an automobile.
B)Sixty-six people would have access to clean, safe drinking water.
C) Seventy people would be literate.
D) Twenty people would own 80 percent of the world's wealth.

Question 58

Which of the following organizations would support the neoliberal perspective on development?

A)the IMF and the World Bank
B)relief organizations
C) micro-credit organizations
D) fair-trade organizations

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a common activity used by global justice movements?

A)protesting at international meetings of the World Bank, IMF, and WTO
B)organizing their own summits
C) developing issue-specific campaigns
D) stopping corporate development plans

Question 60

One of the factors contributing to underdevelopment in the world, including in most African countries, is those countries' historical colonization. Which development theory supports this notion?

A)colonization theory
B)stage theory
C) dependency theory
D) modernization theory

Question 61

Which type of theorists blame developing societies for their own lack of development?

A)stratification theorists
B)underdevelopment theorists
C) dependency theorists
D) modernization theorists

Question 62

According to the text, which theory developed in response to the inadequacies of modernization theory and the political injustices that resulted from policies based on it?

A)neomodernization theory
B)dependency theory
C) world systems theory
D) neocolonial dependency theory

Question 63

Based upon the text discussion of foreign aid to low-income countries, which of the following statements is accurate?

A)The interests of the donor country are met more than the interests of the recipients.
B)Foreign aid provides an adequate solution for malnutrition and disease.
C) Foreign aid operates outside politics.
D) The poor benefit the most from direct attention to their needs.

Question 64

According to the text, 52 of the top 100 brand names in the world are from the United States. For which phenomenon do Hebron and Stack (2011) cite this example?

A)globalization
B)Americanization
C) imperialism
D) cultural homogeneity

Question 65

Supporters of globalization suggest that the availability of communication technologies has increased the ways in which populations can experience and shape their world. Which of the following was NOT noted in the text as an aspect of the benefits of globalized communications during the Arab Spring uprising in 2011?

A)The world was informed of citizen protests and government responses.
B)Images and videos gave visual evidence to others living under similar political circumstances that change initiated from within and by citizens was possible.
C) Shared knowledge of each other's lives can increase understanding and tolerance of other culture.
D) War crimes captured in real-time audiovisual broadcasts enabled world courts to charge and convict war criminals.

Question 66

A professor presented the following argument: "The reason it took Brazil so long to develop was that the citizens did not have the drive and 'need for achievement' necessary to develop business and industry." According to the text, which theoretical approach is this professor drawing arguments from?

A)capitalist theory
B)modernization theory
C) dependency theory
D) underdevelopment theory

Question 67

According to the text, what is the term used to describe the process of dismantling colonial empires and granting the former colonies political and economic independence?

A)globalization
B)glocalization
C) transnationalization
D) decolonization

Question 68

When significant numbers of young people in Country X give up on their traditional beliefs and practices and embrace Western values, which theorists would conclude that the country is moving in the right direction?

A)modernization theorists
B)pro-capitalist theorists
C) neodevelopment theorists
D) bootstrap theorists

Question 69

What is the name of the counter-summit to the World Economic Forum organized to as one form of global justice movement?

A)World Social Forum
B)World Democratic Forum
C) Anti-Imperial Forum
D) Anti-Neoliberal Forum

Question 70

Which of the following historical events of the 19th century is/are credited as laying the foundations for modern globalization?

A)industrialization
B)European exploration
C) technological developments
D) scientific and cultural advancements of the Enlightenment

Question 71

Which of the following names has Stegar (2009) given to the phenomenon of corporate giants having more economic power than some countries?

A)McDonaldization
B)Walmart domination
C) corporate inclusion
D) corporate globalization

Question 72

How many languages does the text estimate will be lost by the end of the 21st century?

A)between 10 percent and 25 percent
B)between 10 percent and 50 percent
C) between 50 percent and 90 percent
D) between 80 percent and 95 percent

Question 73

Antonella lives in Toronto. While visiting New York, she stopped to eat Chinese food on her way to a Hungarian film festival. Before going home, she went and bought a pair of shoes made in Brazil and a purse made in Italy. According to the text, the travel, food, film, shoes, and purse are all part of which dimension of globalization?

A)economic
B)technological
C) cultural
D) personal

Question 74

Postcolonial societies, which are not culturally cohesive, are an example of what potential outcome of globalization?

A)fusion cultures
B)increased conflict
C) increased Americanization
D) cultural loss

Question 75

Pia is a 4-month-old child who was born to an impoverished family in the Global South. Her parents work when employment is available in their locality but their wages are so low that they are categorized as "working poor." Pia is subject to an uncertain future. Which of the following is noted in the text as one reason that Pia may not live to her first birthday?

A)poor parenting knowledge and practices
B)culturally gendered rejection and devaluing of female children known as "femicide"
C) lack of access to basic childhood vaccinations
D) excessive numbers of children born to women who don't know about or have access to birth control technologies

Question 76

A sweatshirt from the Gap has production steps completed in three different countries. What is the term used by Eitzen and Zinn (2009) to describe this process?

A)global processes
B)neoliberal trade
C) the global assembly line
D) neoliberal production

Question 77

Mexico/US relations exemplify what consequence identified by world systems theory?

A)the ease with which peripheral nations can change their structural position in the capitalist world economy
B)the success of modernization
C) how disparity between the rich and the poor within the major cities is increased, with urban growth tied to economic relations with core nations
D) decreased disparity between the rich and the poor with urban growth brought about by core nations

Question 78

Which theorist is most closely associated with world systems theory?

A)Walt W. Rostow
B)Immanuel Wallerstein
C) Andre Gunder Frank
D) Karl Marx

Question 79

"The Battle of Seattle" brought widespread public awareness to what global phenomenon?

A)global justice movements
B)global networking
C) global homogenization
D) global organized crime

Question 80

Which theory of global stratification contends that countries will prosper only once they embrace the values of capitalism?

A)world systems theory
B)modernization theory
C) new international division of labour theory
D) dependency theory