Deck 8: The Structure - Replication - and Chromosomal Organization of DNA

Question 1

After contracting SARS,about ____ percent of the infected died.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75
E) 100

Answer 1

A

Question 2

DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of ____.

A) DNA
B) histones
C) proteins
D) ribose
E) nucleosomes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The search for a(n)____ treatment led to the discovery that DNA carries genetic information.

A) pneumonia
B) AIDS
C) tuberculosis
D) influenza
E) SARS

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The process of transferring genetic information between bacterial cells is accomplished with a transformation factor called DNA.

Question 5

Rosalind Franklin did not share a part of the 1962 Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology because she had died four years earlier.

Question 6

In the early twentieth century,most scientists believed that only nucleic acids were complex enough to carry genetic information.

Question 7

In the Watson-Crick model of DNA structure,the polynucleotide chains ____.

A) are of unequal length
B) are arranged with the bases forming the backbone of the helix
C) form covalent bonds between uracil and adenine
D) are oriented in the same direction
E) are oriented in opposite directions

Question 8

Because RNA is single-stranded,it does not participate in the regulation of gene expression.

Question 9

The interphase nucleus has an internal structure in which each chromosome occupies a distinct region called a chromosome territory.

Question 10

DNA vaccines ____.

A) use RNA to assist in the transformation process
B) have been created but are ineffective
C) show promise in animal studies and are now in clinical trials
D) have been approved by the government to fight several diseases
E) sometimes infect the subject with the disease it's attempting to fight

Question 11

A replicated DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old strand.

Question 12

Histones are the ____.

A) major class of proteins in chromatin
B) initiators of DNA replication
C) cause of SARS
D) genes that encode for deoxyribose
E) molecules that prevent strong hydrogen bonding

Question 13

Bacteriophages are viruses that ____.

A) catalyze bacterial reproduction
B) attach to bacterial cells and extract bacterial DNA
C) interfere with DNA replication in the cytoplasm of cells
D) produce histones
E) infect and copy themselves inside bacterial cells

Question 14

The sugar in RNA nucleotides is ____.

A) dextrose
B) sucrose
C) glucose
D) ribose
E) deoxyribose

Question 15

The H5N1 influenza killed more than 50% of those infected.

Question 16

Telomeres are short DNA sequences ____.

A) that code for genetic traits
B) that signal transcription to begin
C) located in the middle of a chromosome
D) located at each end of a chromosome
E) repeated along the backbone of a DNA molecule

Question 17

The basic building block of DNA and RNA is a(n)____.

A) nitrogenous base
B) sugar-phosphate backbone
C) amino acid
D) nucleotide
E) ribose sugar

Question 18

DNA contains two identical polynucleotide chains.

Question 19

Adenine and guanine are nitrogen-containing bases found in nucleic acids.

Question 20

In June 2013,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that if a gene is removed from the human body and purified it can be patented.

Question 21

Purines and pyrimidines are two classes of organic bases found in ____.

A) sugars
B) phosphates
C) fats
D) carbohydrates
E) nucleic acids

Question 22

The chemical formula for glucose,C6H12O6,represents ____ atom(s)and ____ molecule(s).

A) 3; 3
B) 3; 6
C) 12; 12
D) 24; 1
E) 1; 24

Question 23

Cytosine,uracil,and thymine are single-ringed nitrogen-containing organic bases called ____________________.

Question 24

The type of chemical bond that holds together adenine and thymine in the middle of a DNA molecule is a(n)________________ bond.

Question 25

Sugars and phosphates are held together in a DNA molecule by a(n)____________________ bond.

Question 26

Once the strands of DNA are separated,the enzyme DNA polymerase ____ and links nucleotides together.

A) reads the nucleotide sequence of the template strand
B) transforms the template strand to either 3' or 5'
C) transforms adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine
D) folds the bases back on themselves
E) unwraps the DNA from the nucleosomes

Question 27

The sugar found in DNA is a(n)____________________.

Question 28

The name of the enzyme that replicates DNA is ____________________.

Question 29

In RNA,the base ____ takes the place of the base thymine.

A) deoxyribose
B) ribose
C) pentose
D) guanine
E) uracil

Question 30

A phosphate group is a compound containing phosphorus ____.

A) and calcium attached to a base
B) and sodium attached to a sugar
C) chemically bonded to thymine
D) chemically bonded to four oxygen molecules
E) chemically bonded to three nitrogen molecules

Question 31

A(n)____________________ is made up of a sugar,a phosphate,and a nitrogenous base.

Question 32

Friedrich Miescher,after he began to study the chemical composition of the nucleus,was one of the first to ____.

A) propose the nuclear structure of the H5N1 virus
B) discover that the nucleus contained DNA but no proteins
C) discover that human and mice chromosome chemistry differs greatly
D) isolate DNA and propose its structure
E) isolate and purify a cellular organelle

Question 33

In many organisms,____________________ functions to transfer genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Question 34

____________________ is spread by droplets produced when an infected person sneezes or coughs.

Question 35

In the early 1950s,James Watson and Francis Crick ____.

A) were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology
B) combined all of their previous research in order to explain the structure of DNA
C) began to work out the structure of DNA by organizing the information about DNA that was already available
D) produced X-ray diffraction photographs from highly purified DNA samples
E) isolated two strains of S. pneumoniae and used them to further research the structure of DNA

Question 36

SARS symptoms include ____.

A) high fever, headaches, and respiratory problems
B) brittle bones and rash
C) heart arrhythmia, kidney failure, and calcium depletion
D) liver cirrhosis and difficulty swallowing
E) eye pain, loss of vision, and headaches

Question 37

Proteins contain twenty different subunits ____.

A) that are the carriers of genetic information
B) arranged in a double helix attached to DNA
C) including thymine, cytosine, guanine, and adenine
D) in the form of nucleotides
E) in the form of amino acids

Question 38

Nucleosomes are bead-like structures ____.

A) that form during interphase to assist with DNA uncoiling
B) that are a major class of proteins in chromatin
C) composed of histone wrapped with DNA
D) composed of linked homologous chromosomes
E) composed of pyrimidines and purines

Question 39

Molecules are composed of two or more ____________________ chemically ____________________ together.

Question 40

The woman scientist who made a major contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA was _____________________.

Question 41

Describe the organization of a human chromosome.

Question 42

One double-stranded DNA molecule combined with proteins form ____________________,which is visible as clumps or threads in the cell nucleus.

Question 43

Despite evidence to the contrary,many scientists during the mid-twentieth century remained convinced that ____________________ were the carrier of genetic information.

Question 44

Figure 8.10(a)

Describe the structure of DNA using the accompanying figure as a reference.

Question 45

DNA's two major functions are to ____________________ and to carry the ____________________ information for proteins and RNA molecules.

Question 46

Telomerase is an enzyme that adds telomere repeats to the ends of ____________________.

Question 47

Outline the major arguments for and against the idea of patenting genes.

Question 48

One of the two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the 1920s was surrounded by a ____________________,giving it the ability to evade the immune system and cause pneumonia.

Question 49

Describe the chemical composition of DNA.

Question 50

If one strand of DNA has the sequence 5'-CCGTAGCA-3',the complementary strand would be written as ____________________.

Question 51

A lawsuit,filed in 2009,challenged the idea that genes can be ____________________.

Question 52

Explain why X-ray diffraction was important in the study of DNA structure and describe the procedure used in X-ray diffraction.

Question 53

Summarize the process of DNA replication and outline the difference between how each strand replicates.

Question 54

Describe one experimental process used to manufacture a DNA vaccine for the SARS virus.

Question 55

Because genetic information is stored as a linear sequence of bases in DNA,any change in the order or number of bases in a gene can result in a(n)____________________ that produces an altered ____________________.

Question 56

Summarize Fredrick Griffith's,Oswald Avery's,and others' experimental search for a treatment for pneumonia.

Question 57

Each chromosome contains a constricted region called a(n)____________________ where sister chromatids attach.

Question 58

Explain how a telomerase inhibitor might be an effective cancer treatment.

Question 59

Outline three properties of genes for which the Watson-Crick model offers an explanation.

Question 60

Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin obtained X-ray diffraction photographs that indicted that DNA has a ____________________ shape with a constant diameter.