Deck 11: Sex and Gender

Question 1

Racism is part of Canada's history and current circumstances.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Although de facto discrimination has existed in Canada for many years,no cases of de jure discrimination have ever been found.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Although Indigenous peoples in Canada have suffered many disadvantages,they have not been subjected to forced assimilation.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The internal colonialism model is rooted in historical foundations of racial and ethnic inequality in North America.

Question 5

The privileges associated with whiteness are often taken for granted.

Question 6

Racism occurs only in times of economic decline and recession.

Question 7

De jure discrimination is enforced by custom.

Question 8

Proponents of the split labour market theory suggest that white workers suffer as a consequence of racial and ethnic antagonisms.

Question 9

Quebec nationalism grew sharply in the early 1960s during the period known as the Quiet Revolution.

Question 10

Racial and ethnic diversity is decreasing in Canada.

Question 11

Ethnocentrism is when your standards are used as a frame of reference for positively evaluating the behaviour of other groups.

Question 12

To some analysts,assimilation is functional because it contributes to the stability of society by minimizing group differences that otherwise might result in hostility and violence.

Question 13

A conscious criticism of minorities,often involving a conflict between values of racial equality and selfishness,is referred to as subliminal racism.

Question 14

Polite racism involves overt remarks that lead to members of visible minorities feeling out of place.

Question 15

Equalitarian pluralism is a situation in which specific ethnic groups are set apart from the dominant group and have unequal access to power and privilege.

Question 16

Historically,the high-paying primary labour market has been monopolized by white men.

Question 17

The terms majority group and minority group are widely used and their actual meanings are clear.

Question 18

According to critical race theory,interest convergence is a secondary factor in bringing about social change.

Question 19

The term gendered racism refers to the interactive effect of racism and sexism in the exploitation of women of colour.

Question 20

More than 5 million Canadians identify themselves as members of a visible minority.

Question 21

Which term best describes the coercive and oppressive nature of residential boarding schools for Indigenous children,one of the most blatant examples of its kind in Canadian history?

A) institutionalized racism
B) subliminal racism
C) polite racism
D) overt racism

Question 22

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to regard one's own culture and group as the standard.

Question 23

What was the "continuous passage" rule of 1908?

A) a government policy distinguishing between visible minorities and those who could "pass" for being white
B) a law that permitted South Asian immigration only on ships that made non-stop trips from India
C) a law regulating Chinese workers on the railway,which allowed them free travel as long as they made non-stop trips to their destination
D) an immigration policy that prevented any visible minorities from entering Canada,and restricted them to continuous passage through Canada to another destination

Question 24

During World War II,Japanese Canadians experienced one of the most vicious forms of discrimination sanctioned by Canadian law.

Question 25

Which of the following statements does NOT describe the experiences of internally colonized groups?

A) They have been forced to exist in a society other than their own.
B) They have been kept out of the political and economic mainstream.
C) They have remained in subordinate positions for shorter periods of time than voluntary migrants.
D) They have been subjected to severe attacks on their own culture.

Question 26

Suppose that every day at recess three Indigenous boys are excluded from playing soccer with the other boys.When they ask why,a white boy states,"We didn't invite you!" What is the term for what is happening?

A) prejudice
B) stereotyping
C) social distance
D) discrimination

Question 27

Based on the categories of racism outlined by Fleras and Elliott,what kind of racism would a youth group called the White Brotherhood be involved in?

A) systemic
B) overt
C) polite
D) subliminal

Question 28

According to the text,what justified Europeans' aggression toward Aboriginals?

A) stereotypes
B) power
C) class
D) history

Question 29

Race is less a biological reality than a social creation.

Question 30

Scapegoats are incapable of offering resistance to the hostility and aggression of others.

Question 31

In 1980,Emily,a status Indian woman,had her rights revoked when she married Ted,a Caucasian man.Emily was a victim of what?

A) de jure discrimination
B) de facto discrimination
C) de ploy discrimination
D) ethnocentric discrimination

Question 32

Unlike race,ethnicity is not a basis for hierarchical ranking in Canada.

Question 33

Canada is colour-blind.

Question 34

Racism involves elements of prejudice,ethnocentrism,stereotyping,and discrimination.

Question 35

The split labour market involves class,race,ethnicity,and gender).

Question 36

Polite racism refers to overt prejudice that is followed by an apology.

Question 37

What occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group?

A) structural segregation
B) internal colonialism
C) classism
D) racial discrimination

Question 38

Canadian immigration policy continued to use race or national origin as a criterion for admission until the early 1960s.

Question 39

Approximately what percentage of the Canadian population is francophone?

A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 35 percent

Question 40

Which group was subject to a head tax as part of Canada's racist immigration policy?

A) Polish
B) South Asians
C) Chinese
D) Japanese

Question 41

When did education,occupation,and language skills replace race or national origin as the criteria for admission to Canada?

A) 1930
B) 1942
C) 1962
D) 1979

Question 42

Which of the following groups is cited in the text as an example of internal colonialism?

A) African Americans in the southern United States
B) Indigenous peoples in Canada
C) the Japanese population in Canada
D) English-speaking people in Quebec

Question 43

Which of the following groups is the most disadvantaged racial or ethnic group in Canada?

A) South Asians
B) Indigenous peoples
C) Francophones
D) immigrants from Syria

Question 44

The text cites the federal government's reserve system for status Indians as a blatant example of what?

A) segregation
B) accommodation
C) structural assimilation
D) amalgamation

Question 45

Which group includes all people of colour and white women in Canada?

A) working class
B) majority
C) visible minority
D) minority

Question 46

Suppose you were undertaking a study of identity formation and you examined members of racial and ethnic minorities and members of the white majority.What theoretical perspective would likely inform your research?

A) feminist theory
B) postmodern theory
C) symbolic interactionist theory
D) functionalist theory

Question 47

In Canada,Ukrainians,French Canadians,African Canadians,Asian Canadians,and others co-exist.What term best describes this?

A) ethnic pluralism
B) equalitarian segmentism
C) inequalitarian pluralism
D) cultural segmentism

Question 48

Alex respects all of his university classmates.He routinely interacts with a diverse group of friends,both studying with them and spending time in recreation with them.According to sociologist Robert Merton,how would Alex be classified?

A) as an unprejudiced nondiscriminator
B) as an unprejudiced discriminator
C) as a prejudiced nondiscriminator
D) as a prejudiced discriminator

Question 49

What term do sociologists use for the group whose members,because of physical or cultural characteristics,are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination?

A) socially depressed
B) minority
C) marginalized
D) powerless

Question 50

Your parents believe that all people from Hawaii can hula dance and have pig roasts on a regular basis.What name would sociologists use to describe these overgeneralizations?

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) stereotypes
D) racism

Question 51

Approximately what percentage of the immigrants arriving in Canada today are visible minorities?

A) 35 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 80 percent

Question 52

Jack maintains that discrimination against visible minorities appears ordinary and natural to many of his colleagues at work.Which perspective is Jack using?

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) critical race theory
D) postmodern

Question 53

Which term best describes the federal government's reserve system for status Indians in Canada?

A) assimilation
B) segregation
C) integration
D) approximation

Question 54

According to the text,which of the following is the most reliable and important source on racism?

A) the Canadian Long-Form Census
B) meta-analysis of social science studies on racism
C) the individuals who have experienced it directly
D) the officials who collect information on instances of racism

Question 55

According to Fleras and Elliott,what form of racism enables individuals to maintain two apparently conflicting values-one rooted in the egalitarian virtues of justice and fairness,the other in beliefs that result in resentment and selfishness?

A) institutionalized racism
B) ethnocentric racism
C) subliminal racism
D) overt racism

Question 56

What term did sociologist Robert Merton use to refer to teens who have no personal prejudices but engage in discrimination because of pressure from their friends?

A) unprejudiced discriminator
B) prejudiced discriminator
C) prejudiced nondiscriminatory
D) unprejudiced nondiscriminator

Question 57

What is the key objective of multiculturalism?

A) creating a horizontal mosaic
B) promoting ethnic diversity
C) creating equal opportunities for immigrants
D) promoting unity through diversity

Question 58

What term do Augie Fleras and Jean Leonard Elliott use to capture the social significance of being white?

A) white privilege
B) Caucasian power
C) white power
D) white supremacy

Question 59

According to Fleras and Elliott (2003),which of the following advantages is NOT associated with white privilege?

A) cordial treatment
B) access to inexpensive housing
C) peace of mind
D) satisfaction of socializing at night

Question 60

Equalitarian pluralism refers to a situation in which ethnic groups coexist in equality with one another.What is this pattern also referred to as?

A) miscegenation
B) segregation
C) accommodation
D) compatibility

Question 61

What did John Porter's (1965)extensive analysis of ethnic groups in Canada demonstrate?

A) The "vertical mosaic" no longer exists.
B) There is a significant degree of ethnic stratification in Canada.
C) All ethnic groups are roughly equal in terms of the distribution of social resources.
D) Although race can be a factor in social stratification,ethnicity is not important.

Question 62

Which term is used to describe racially segregated schools in Nova Scotia?

A) overt segregation
B) de jure segregation
C) institutionalized segregation
D) de facto segregation

Question 63

In 2008,how many Canadians identified themselves as a visible minority?

A) 1 in 2
B) 1 in 4
C) 1 in 6
D) 1 in 10

Question 64

Suppose a group of immigrants from Africa learns English,dresses in Western-style clothing,and abandons their traditional foods after moving to the United States.According to a functionalist perspective,what kind of assimilation are they demonstrating?

A) cultural
B) psychological
C) structural
D) psychological

Question 65

White workers may use racial discrimination against nonwhites to protect their position,particularly when upper-tier workers feel threatened by lower-tier workers.This sort of explanation of prejudice is based on what theory?

A) split labour market theory
B) social learning theory
C) authoritarian personality theory
D) scapegoat theory

Question 66

Which theory refers to the division of the economy into two areas of employment in which subordinate groups tend to occupy positions with little security and hazardous working conditions?

A) work racism theory
B) internal colonialism theory
C) split labour market theory
D) racial formation theory

Question 67

Which term refers to the belief in the superiority of one's own culture compared with that of others?

A) prejudicism
B) ethnocentrism
C) subliminal racism
D) stereotyping

Question 68

Which perspective includes a hypothesis suggesting that contact between people from divergent groups should lead to favourable attitudes and behaviours?

A) symbolic interactionist
B) feminist
C) postmodern
D) critical race theory

Question 69

The poor housing conditions on Indigenous reserves are attributable to which of the following?

A) split labour market
B) colonialism
C) scapegoating
D) ethnic pluralism

Question 70

Cam is using a postmodern perspective to study race.Which of the following topics is most likely to form his research focus?

A) how internal colonialism occurs when members of racial groups are conquered
B) how human rights legislation fails to address subtle forms of racism
C) how women are doubly disadvantaged because of their race and gender
D) how racist discourses serve to sustain patterns of discrimination

Question 71

Can minorities be racist?

A) It depends on how one defines racism.
B) Yes,minorities can be racist.
C) No,it is impossible for minorities to be racist.
D) Minorities can be racist,but only against their own ethic group.

Question 72

What process puts prejudice into practice?

A) discrimination
B) ethnocentrism
C) alienation
D) ethnocentrism

Question 73

Which category of people is referred to by the term "race" in the text?

A) those who have distinctly inferior personal characteristics when compared to a dominant majority
B) those who have been singled out as inferior or superior,often on the basis of physical characteristics such as skin colour,hair texture,and eye shape
C) those who have similar genetic heritage
D) those who have distinctive cultural characteristics

Question 74

When has racism been prevalent in Canada?

A) only in times of economic decline and recession
B) since the country was formed
C) when immigrant groups outwardly threaten nonimmigrants
D) when nonwhites achieve power over whites

Question 75

Which term best characterizes members of the dominant group who lobby for progressive antiracism policies but only because they believe that doing so will advance their own self-interest?

A) antiracism coalitions
B) interest convergence
C) ethnocentrism
D) internal colonialism

Question 76

Which statement best reflects the visible minority population in Canada?

A) It has decreased over the last decade.
B) It has remained relatively stable since 2000.
C) It represents one-sixth of all individuals.
D) It has increased,although not substantially since 2000.

Question 77

Which of the following characteristics is NOT a unifying feature of ethnic groups?

A) religious practices
B) a sense of community
C) ascribed membership
D) geographic dispersal

Question 78

According to which theory would you argue that gender and race or ethnicity are important in work exploitation because some jobs are race and/or gender-typed?

A) critical race theory
B) postmodern theory
C) symbolic interactionist theory
D) functionalist theory

Question 79

After Confederation,it was assumed that future French- and English-speaking groups would co-exist.Why did the French struggle for cultural survival until World War II?

A) A series of epidemics,including smallpox,reduced the French population.
B) There was a drop in the French birth rate and a corresponding rise in the British birth rate.
C) There were several civil wars between the British and the French.
D) English-speaking Canadians controlled the major economic institutions throughout Canada,including Quebec.

Question 80

What is the term for discrimination based on social custom?

A) de jure discrimination
B) de facto discrimination
C) stereotyping
D) institutional racism