Deck 1: A Perspective on Human Genetics

Question 1

The DNA components adenine,thymine,guanine,and cytosine are examples of ____.

A) phosphates
B) sugars
C) bases
D) genes
E) ribosomes

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Genetic modification of immune cells has not been shown to be an effective leukemia treatment.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In some societies,the birth of a deformed child is regarded as a sign of impending war or famine.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Gregor Mendel ____.

A) discovered the structure of DNA
B) claimed that each individual carries a pair of "factors" for a given trait
C) demonstrated that traits carried by parents are "blended" in their offspring
D) cross-bred thirty different species of pea plants over a span of fifty years
E) reasoned that each parent carries one gene for a specific trait

Question 5

Genes are precisely copied during the process of DNA replication and never undergo any change.

Question 6

What Mendel called "factors," we now call ____.

A) nucleotides
B) DNA
C) chromosomes
D) genes
E) bases

Question 7

The U.S.has stayed ahead of the issues surrounding genetic technology by implementing ground-breaking public policy and laws.

Question 8

The immune system ____.

A) works by attacking anything recognized as foreign
B) plays no role in fighting cancer
C) often accelerates development of malignant cancers
D) works by turning off specific genes in an individual's DNA
E) is highly resistant to genetic modification

Question 9

Eugenics ____.

A) has been scientifically tested and shown to be a valid theory
B) is a dubious method for improving the human species through selective breeding
C) assumes that human traits are much more influenced by environment than by genes
D) had major social ramifications in Germany but is largely dismissed in the United States
E) was based on faulty karyotyping and DNA analysis

Question 10

Before Mendel,most people would have predicted that a cross of a red rose with a yellow rose would produce ____.

A) all red roses
B) all yellow roses
C) all orange roses
D) about half yellow roses and half red roses
E) about three-fourths red roses and one-fourth yellow roses

Question 11

The main purpose of preparing karyotypes is to ____.

A) prepare for gene extractions
B) determine gender
C) determine which genes are on which chromosomes
D) separate DNA into its component parts
E) diagnose or rule out certain genetic disorders

Question 12

What is the greatest risk factor for cancer?

A) family history
B) age
C) environmental toxins
D) diet
E) physical inactivity

Question 13

What is an example of basic research?

A) Developing a new diagnostic test
B) Synthesizing proteins for treating disease
C) Manufacturing a vaccine
D) Developing a new drug to treat diabetes
E) Learning how plants turn carbon dioxide into sugar

Question 14

The Immigration Restriction Act of 1924 was supported by research that demonstrated that Western Europeans were genetically superior to Eastern Europeans.

Question 15

The separation of genes during the formation of the sperm and egg and the reunion of genes at fertilization is explained by the behavior of chromosomes in a form of cell division called meiosis.

Question 16

Normal white blood cells (called B cells)and cancerous B cells that cause leukemia both carry a unique surface protein called CD-19.

Question 17

The human genome carries approximately 20,000 genes.

Question 18

Genetic discoveries made in one organism cannot necessarily be applied to other species.

Question 19

In the years after the completion of the human genome project,genome sequencing revealed surprisingly little amount of variation in the sequence and arrangement of nucleotides in humans.

Question 20

Genetics is defined as the scientific study of ____.

A) diseases
B) DNA
C) heredity
D) chromosome structure
E) cell structure

Question 21

____________________ is the branch of genetics that is used to map genes and study chromosome structure and abnormalities in chromosome number and organization.

Question 22

A set of genetic markers located close together on a single ____________________ is called a haplotype.

Question 23

Transmission genetics studies the pattern of ____________________ as traits are passed from generation to generation.

Question 24

The process in which genes move from one chromosome to another is called ____________________.

Question 25

Gene therapy can best be described as the ____.

A) repair of a defect (mutation) in a gene
B) insertion of normal genes to act in place of mutant genes
C) insertion of human genes into other organisms
D) cloning of genes to produce and purify therapeutically useful proteins
E) mapping of all human genetic information

Question 26

The simplest type of variation in a genome sequence is a single nucleotide change called a(n)

Question 27

Each nucleotide in a strand of DNA is composed of a(n)____________________,a(n)____________________,and a(n)____________________.

Question 28

Induced pluripotent stem cells are ____

A) produced from normal body cells
B) not used for human genetic research
C) a major cause of cancer
D) grown in the lab to produce clones
E) isolated from embryos

Question 29

Hereditarianism is the idea that all human traits are ____.

A) partly influenced by environment
B) traceable to our earliest ancestors
C) influenced equally by genes and environment
D) determined only by genes
E) immutable from generation to generation

Question 30

Carrie Buck is significant in the history of genetics because she ____.

A) was a well-known advocate for eugenics
B) became the first woman geneticist
C) was sterilized after the U.S. Supreme Court determined she was feebleminded
D) discovered how to genetically modify corn to be resistant to herbicides
E) is the author of the first biography of Gregor Mendel

Question 31

The decline of the eugenics movement in the U.S.in the early 20th century resulted from ____.

A) breakthroughs in genetic technology
B) violent protests by the medical community
C) the ability to manipulate gene expression
D) social outrage at the number of deaths caused by botched sterilizations 
E) its misuse for social and political purposes by the Nazis

Question 32

The methods of ____ have had the greatest impact on human genetics in recent decades.

A) cytogenetics
B) molecular genetics
C) transmission genetics
D) translational medicine
E) genomics

Question 33

Transmission genetics ____.

A) studies the pattern of inheritance as traits are passed from generation to generation
B) reconstructs the pattern of inheritance associated with a trait as it passes through several generations
C) maps genes to study chromosome structure and abnormalities in chromosome numbers and organization
D) uses recombinant DNA technology to identify, isolate, and produce millions of copies of genes that can be studied in the laboratory
E) sequences the complete human genome

Question 34

The development and use of ____ ushered in the era of genomics when geneticists began planning ways to sequence the 3.2 billion nucleotides in the human genome.

A) transmission genetics
B) the electron microscope
C) recombinant DNA technology
D) cytogenetics
E) karyotypes

Question 35

The nucleotide sequence encoded in a gene defines the ____ that make up proteins.

A) phosphate groups
B) polypeptides
C) ribosomes
D) haplotypes
E) amino acids

Question 36

A human pedigree ____.

A) is a family tree chart showing birth and death dates
B) certifies that an individual has a particular genome
C) certifies good genetic health
D) represents the inheritance of a trait through several generations of a family
E) summarizes the health history of an individual and his/her parents

Question 37

In the mid-twentieth century,researchers discovered that genes are made of ____________________ and that this molecule is part of cellular structures known as ____________________.

Question 38

Chemical subunits called amino acids combine to make ____________________.

Question 39

New technology has made it possible to screen an individual's entire genome,instead of testing for one genetic disorder at a time.This technology uses ____________________ that carry DNA from the entire human genome.

Question 40

The union of research and medicine that seeks to quickly translate research findings into methods for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases is called ____________________.

Question 41

Recombinant DNA technology has been used for over 30 years to produce ____________________ in bacteria for the treatment of diabetes.

Question 42

DNA is a helical molecule consisting of two strands of ____________________ that is the primary carrier of ____________________ information.

Question 43

In what sense is genetics the key to all of biology?

Question 44

What was the benefit envisioned from the Human Genome Project? Was this project an appropriate use of taxpayers' money? Why or why not?

Question 45

Consider this statement: Information about citizens' genomes should be held in a centralized database by a single private company or by the government.Do you agree or disagree? Explain your reasoning.

Question 46

A trait is a(n)____________________  property of an organism.

Question 47

In 1927,the U.S.Supreme Court upheld the right of states to use ____________________ as a means of preventing reproduction by those deemed "unfit."

Question 48

Define stem cells and briefly discuss stem cell research and its potential for use in treating disease.

Question 49

Discuss some negative implications of recombinant DNA technology.

Question 50

Clones are genetically identical molecules,cells,or organisms,all derived from a(n)____________________.

Question 51

Mendel's experiments on pea plants showed that genes are passed ____________________ from generation to generation and that traits are not ____________________.

Question 52

Population geneticists are interested in the forces that change the ____________________ of genes in a population.

Question 53

Differentiate between basic and applied research and discuss how the two are linked in terms of genetics.

Question 54

The fundamental unit of heredity is called a(n)____________________.

Question 55

Describe the experimental design Mendel used while researching pea plant traits and explain the general result that lead him to form his hypothesis about the transmission of "factors" from parents to offspring?

Question 56

Eugenics is the attempt to improve the human species by ____________________.

Question 57

Define eugenics and discuss Francis Galton's influence in the development of the fundamentally flawed 'science.'

Question 58

Should we buy and eat food that comes from genetically modified plants and animals? Defend your answer based on previous knowledge and on what you learned from thisChapter.

Question 59

Discuss how and why the investigative method of molecular genetics has had the greatest impact on human genetics over the last several decades.

Question 60

Results from the ____________________ and the development of new technologies have revolutionized the detection,diagnosis,and treatment of cancer.