Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Which of the following is associated with eukaryotic cells but not with prokaryotic cells?

A) cell membrane
B) cell wall
C) DNA
D) ribosome
E) nucleus

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are most commonly differentiated in the laboratory by whether__________.

A) penicillin can kill them or not
B) a dye is trapped within the cells during the Gram staining procedure
C) the bacteria are collected from the outside or the inside of an infected patient
D) water can flow into the bacteria,causing them to burst
E) the bacteria contain peptidoglycan

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Although both humans and bacteria have ribosomes,streptomycin-which blocks ribosome function-does not harm a human who ingests it.Why?

A) Human cells have ribosomes that do not bind streptomycin;only prokaryotic ribosomes are affected by this drug.
B) Human cells contain a cell wall that prevents streptomycin from getting into the cytoplasm.
C) Human cells are much,much larger than bacteria cells,and antibiotics are diluted so much in the cytoplasm that they are ineffective.
D) Human cells have an extra lipid layer around their outsides,preventing streptomycin from entering them.
E) Human cells have far more ribosomes than bacteria,so relatively few ribosomes are blocked by streptomycin.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The two major components of cell membranes are _______ and _______.

A) phospholipids;DNA
B) DNA;proteins
C) peptidoglycan;phospholipids
D) peptidoglycan;proteins
E) phospholipids;proteins

Question 5

Penicillin interferes with __________________,causing bacteria to die from ______________.

A) membrane synthesis;intact membranes
B) cell wall synthesis;swelling and rupturing of the cell
C) protein synthesis;an inability to make protein
D) osmosis;dehydration (a lack of internal water)
E) cell division;old age

Question 6

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms.Scientists have found it more challenging to develop treatments for fungal infections (e.g. ,yeast infections,athlete's foot,and certain nail infections)than for bacterial infections.Why is this so?

A) Fungi are eukaryotes,like humans,thus their cellular components are similar.
B) Eukaryotic cells do not contain the complex number of organelles.
C) The fungi closely resemble bacteria.
D) Antibiotics do not work on eukaryotic cells.
E) Antibiotics are only effective against viruses.

Question 7

Which of the following types of transport are most closely related in terms of the energy requirements for moving material across a membrane?

A) simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
B) active transport and facilitated transport
C) simple diffusion and active transport
D) Simple diffusion,facilitated diffusion,and active transport all have similar energy requirements.
E) Methods of moving material across a membrane do not require energy.

Question 8

Which of the following is not found in prokaryotic cells?

A) cell membrane
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) cell membrane and ribosomes
E) cytoplasm

Question 9

Which of the following statements best explains why bacteria are considered living organisms?

A) They can cause disease.
B) They are made up of biological macromolecules.
C) They move around.
D) They are made of cells.
E) They contain organelles.

Question 10

Water is moving across a membrane from solution A into solution B.What can be inferred?

A) Solution A must be pure water.
B) Solution A must have a lower solute concentration than Solution B.
C) Solution A must have a higher solute concentration than Solution B.
D) Solution A and Solution B must have the same concentration of solutes.
E) Solution B must be pure water.

Question 11

Which of the following accurately describes why specific material uses a protein to cross the membrane?

A) The hydrophobic core of a membrane will only allow hydrophobic (i.e. ,non-polar)substances to cross without a membrane protein.
B) The hydrophilic core of a membrane will only allow hydrophilic (i.e. ,polar)substance to cross without a membrane protein.
C) The membrane will allow any substance to cross it as long as it moves from a high concentration to low.
D) The membrane will allow any substance to cross it if the concentration of solute is high enough on one side of the membrane.
E) Material can only cross the membrane via a protein.

Question 12

What does the cell theory state?

A) All living things are made of cells.
B) All cells come from existing cells.
C) All cells contain organelles.
D) All living things are made of cells and those cells come from existing cells.
E) All living cells come from existing cells and those cells contain organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following accurately compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) Prokaryotic cells do not contain cytoplasm and eukaryotic cells do.
B) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain different forms of genetic information.
C) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both contain ribosomes to effectively use their genetic information.
D) Only prokaryotic cells contain mitochondria.
E) Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall and eukaryotic cells do not have a cell wall.

Question 14

Which of the following cellular components would not be a good target for an antibiotic?

A) phospholipids
B) peptidoglycan
C) ribosomes
D) phospholipids and peptidoglycan
E) peptidoglycan and ribosomes

Question 15

Many foods-for example,bacon and salt cod-are preserved with high concentrations of salt.How can high concentrations of salt inhibit the growth of bacteria?

A) High salt is hypotonic and causes the bacteria to swell and burst because water rushes into the cell.
B) High salt is hypotonic and causes the bacteria to shrink because water leaves the bacterial cell.
C) High salt is hypertonic and causes the bacteria to shrink because water leaves the bacterial cell.
D) High salt is hypertonic and causes the bacteria to swell and burst because water rushes into the cell.
E) High salt is hypertonic and causes the bacteria to shrink because salt enters the bacterial cell.

Question 16

Which of these cellular components is(are)associated with all cells?

A) cell membrane
B) ribosomes
C) DNA
D) cell membrane and ribosomes
E) cell membrane,ribosomes,and DNA

Question 17

If a solute is moving through a phospholipid bilayer from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the assistance of a protein,the manner of transport must be _______.

A) active transport
B) facilitated diffusion
C) simple diffusion
D) Solutes may use active transport,facilitated diffusion,or simple diffusion,depending on the solute.
E) Solutes cannot cross phospholipid bilayers.

Question 18

Sugars are large,hydrophilic molecules that are important energy sources for cells.Sugars can enter cells from an environment with a very high concentration of sugar by

A) simple diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) active transport.
E) using ribosomes.

Question 19

Which of these statements is TRUE about prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) They are both about the same size and have similar internal structures.
B) They are both about the same size and have different internal structures.
C) Prokaryotes are smaller and lack the internal compartments that eukaryotes have.
D) Prokaryotes have a nucleus,whereas eukaryotes do not.
E) Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have internal compartments enveloped in membranes.

Question 20

You find a single-cell organism with a cell wall in the soil of a forest-can this organism be an animal? Which of the following characteristics would indicate that the organism is a bacterium and not a plant?

A) The cell wall is made of cellulose.
B) The DNA is contained in a nucleus.
C) The cell wall is made of peptidoglycan.
D) The DNA is contained in a nucleus and the cell wall is made of cellulose.
E) The DNA is contained in a nucleus and the cell wall is made of peptidoglycan.

Question 21

Water is moving across a membrane from solution A into solution B.What can you infer?

A) Solution A must be pure water.
B) Solution A must have a lower solute concentration than Solution B.
C) Solution A must have a higher solute concentration than Solution B.
D) Solution A and Solution B must have the same concentration of solutes.
E) Solution B must be pure water.

Question 22

According to the cell theory,all cells come from

A) an adaptation.
B) a common ancestor.
C) pre-existing cells.
D) a protocell.
E) endosymbiosis.

Question 23

Which of the following is/are associated with eukaryotic cells but not with prokaryotic cells?

A) cell membrane
B) cell wall
C) DNA
D) ribosomes
E) nucleus

Question 24

Which organelle would cause the most damage to cytoskeletal fibers in the cytoplasm if its contents were to leak into the cytoplasm?

A) smooth ER
B) nucleus
C) lysosome
D) Golgi apparatus
E) rough ER

Question 25

Which of the following statements best explains why bacteria are considered living organisms?

A) They can cause disease.
B) They are made up of biological macromolecules.
C) They move around.
D) They each consist of a cell.
E) They contain organelles.

Question 26

Sugars are large,hydrophilic molecules that are important energy sources for cells.How can they enter cells from an environment with a very high concentration of sugar?

A) by simple diffusion
B) by osmosis
C) by facilitated diffusion
D) by active transport
E) by using ribosomes

Question 27

Which feature is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

A) cytoplasm
B) cell membrane
C) DNA
D) nucleus
E) ribosomes

Question 28

According to the cell theory,all living organisms are composed of

A) DNA.
B) cells.
C) proteins.
D) macromolecules.
E) phospholipids.

Question 29

Insulin is a protein hormone secreted by certain pancreatic cells into the bloodstream.Which of the following organelles are involved in the synthesis and secretion of insulin?

A) rough ER
B) Golgi apparatus
C) ribosomes
D) ribosomes,rough ER,and Golgi apparatus
E) rough ER and Golgi apparatus

Question 30

If a solute is moving through a phospholipid bilayer from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the assistance of a protein,the manner of transport must be

A) active transport.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) simple diffusion.
D) Any of the presented options,depending on the solute.
E) Solutes cannot cross phospholipid bilayers.

Question 31

Which of the following is/are not associated with human cells?

A) cell membrane
B) ribosomes
C) DNA
D) cell wall
E) All of the answers are associated with human cells.

Question 32

Bacteria are _____ cells,defined by the _____.

A) prokaryotic;presence of a cell wall
B) eukaryotic;presence of organelles
C) eukaryotic;absence of a cell wall
D) prokaryotic;absence of organelles
E) eukaryotic;absence of organelles

Question 33

According to the cell theory,which of the following is NOT considered a living organism?

A) Influenza virus
B) protist
C) yeast
D) amoeba
E) diatoms

Question 34

The two major components of cell membranes are _____ and _____.

A) phospholipids;DNA
B) DNA;proteins
C) peptidoglycan;phospholipids
D) peptidoglycan;proteins
E) phospholipids;proteins

Question 35

Which of the following combinations INCORRECTLY matches an organelle with its function?

A) lysosome: internal support;cell and organelle movement
B) mitochondrion: conversion of food to usable energy
C) Golgi apparatus: protein processing and packaging
D) chloroplast: conversion of sunlight energy to usable cellular energy
E) endoplasmic reticulum: site of protein and lipid production

Question 36

Penicillin interferes with the synthesis of _____.

A) bacterial cell membranes
B) peptidoglycan
C) the nuclear envelope
D) membrane proteins
E) ribosomes

Question 37

Some inherited syndromes,for example MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers),interfere with the function of mitochondria.From what you know about mitochondria,why do you think the muscles and the nervous system are the predominant tissues affected in MERRF?

A) Mitochondria are the most metabolically active and require the most energy.
B) Mitochondria have the largest role in digestion.
C) Mitochondria are only found in these cell types.
D) Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes.
E) Mitochondria,similar to chloroplasts,require light energy to function.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a cytoskeletal fiber in eukaryotic cells?

A) macrotubules
B) intermediate filaments
C) microfilaments
D) microtubules
E) All of the answers are cytoskeletal fibers.

Question 39

The "endosymbiotic hypothesis" is a concept that explains _____.

A) how eukaryotic cells might have evolved mitochondria and chloroplasts within their cells
B) how plant cells produce usable cellular energy from sunlight
C) why ribosomes are only found in the eukaryotic cytoplasm,never inside an organelle
D) why mitochondria and chloroplasts are so unlike each other
E) why chromosomes are only found inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a cytoskeletal fiber in eukaryotic cells?

A) macrotubules
B) intermediate filaments
C) microfilaments
D) microtubules
E) lysosomes

Question 41

Peptidoglycan cell walls are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 42

Ribosomes are necessary for:

A) DNA replication.
B) protein production.
C) transcription.
D) DNA elongation.
E) respiration.

Question 43

Which of the following are NOT composed of cells?

A) bacteria
B) viruses
C) humans
D) plants
E) fungi

Question 44

All of the following have eukaryotic cells EXCEPT

A) animals.
B) plants.
C) fungi.
D) bacteria.
E) humans.

Question 45

Proteins are made

A) by the nucleus.
B) only by eukaryotes.
C) by the Golgi apparatus.
D) by the ribosomes.
E) anywhere in the cytoplasm.

Question 46

Which structure is found in prokaryotes and not in animal cells?

A) cytoplasm
B) cell membrane
C) DNA
D) cell wall
E) ribosomes

Question 47

Cell membranes are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 48

Nuclei are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 49

Endoplasmic reticulum is found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 50

Which of the following has prokaryotic cells?

A) a plant
B) an organism with a nucleus
C) a bacterium
D) a human
E) Penicillium

Question 51

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have all of the following in common EXCEPT

A) DNA.
B) a nucleus.
C) ribosomes.
D) a cell membrane.
E) cytoplasm.

Question 52

DNA is found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 53

Ribosomes are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 54

When observing a sample of cells through the microscope,the presence of which of the following structures would indicate that you were observing a eukaryote and not a prokaryote?

A) cytoplasm
B) mitochondria
C) DNA
D) cell wall
E) ribosomes

Question 55

The Golgi apparatus is found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 56

Where is the genetic information of a prokaryotic organism stored?

A) in the cytoplasm
B) in the nucleus
C) in the ribosomes
D) on a DNA chromosome in the cytoplasm
E) on a chromosome in the nucleus

Question 57

Under a microscope,a cell appears to have a nucleus.This eliminates which type of cell?

A) cheek cell
B) single-cell protist
C) animal cell
D) plant cell
E) bacterial cell

Question 58

Which structure is found only in eukaryotes?

A) cytoplasm
B) cell membrane
C) DNA
D) nucleus
E) ribosomes

Question 59

Mitochondria are found in

A) bacterial cells.
B) animal cells.
C) plant cells.
D) animal and plant cells.
E) all cells.

Question 60

Which of the following is absent in some kinds of living cells?

A) cytoplasm
B) cell membrane
C) ribosomes
D) nucleus
E) phospholipids

Question 61

Which of the following require cellular energy?

A) O₂ going from your lungs to your blood cells
B) CO₂ leaving your blood cells and entering your lungs
C) water molecules entering through special open pores called aquaporins
D) moving glucose from a low concentration to a high concentration
E) moving glucose from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 62

The hydrophobic part of a phospholipid is the

A) choline group.
B) phosphate group.
C) glycerol group.
D) fatty acid group.
E) adenine group.

Question 63

A cell membrane is composed of

A) a layer of lipids.
B) a double layer of phospholipids.
C) proteins.
D) cell wall material.
E) a double layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded in it.

Question 64

Proteins that move large or hydrophilic molecules across a cell membrane are called ____ proteins.

A) transfer
B) osmotic
C) integral
D) transport
E) diffusion

Question 65

What provides a boundary between the internal and external environment of all cells?

A) hydrophilic heads and hydrophilic tails
B) a phospholipid trilayer
C) a phospholipid bilayer
D) a phospholipid layer
E) hydrophobic heads and tails

Question 66

Molecules that can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion are

A) large.
B) ions.
C) hydrophilic.
D) uncharged molecules.
E) All molecules can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion.

Question 67

The terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic relate to a substance's interaction with which molecule?

A) glucose
B) ATP
C) oxygen
D) phosphate
E) water

Question 68

All of the following are true of the cell membrane EXCEPT

A) it is a boundary between the environment and the cytoplasm.
B) it is semipermeable.
C) it is stiff and rigid.
D) it is made of phospholipids.
E) it contains proteins that can transport nutrients in and out.

Question 69

All of the following describe transport proteins EXCEPT

A) there are hundreds of types in the human body.
B) they are very specific in the type of molecule they transfer.
C) they are embedded in the cell membrane.
D) they allow large molecules to pass across the cell membrane.
E) they help small hydrophobic molecules to pass across the cell membrane.

Question 70

Which statement about cell membranes is true?

A) They have hydrophilic tails.
B) They are made of proteins.
C) They are impermeable.
D) They are made up of a double phospholipid layer.
E) They have hydrophobic surfaces.

Question 71

The process of molecules moving from a high concentration to a lower concentration in a solution without an energy input is termed

A) active transport.
B) active diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) simple diffusion.
E) osmosis.

Question 72

The process of molecules going from a high to a low concentration using a specific membrane protein that has no energy requirement is termed

A) active transport.
B) active diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) simple diffusion.
E) osmosis.

Question 73

If an animal cell is living in water that is much saltier than the cell's cytoplasm,the water

A) will enter the cell.
B) will move out of the cell.
C) will neither move in or out of the cell.
D) will leave the cell,bind salt in the water,and then re-enter the cell.
E) will enter the cell,bind salts in the cytoplasm,and then leave the cell.

Question 74

Ribosomes

A) read DNA.
B) make energy.
C) make proteins.
D) are the main component of cell walls.
E) are the main component of cell membranes.

Question 75

The process of molecules going against a concentration gradient that requires energy and a membrane protein is termed

A) active transport.
B) active diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) simple diffusion.
E) osmosis.

Question 76

Osmosis refers to the diffusion of

A) small molecules.
B) water.
C) solute.
D) molecules.
E) gaseous particles.

Question 77

Water crosses a semipermeable membrane to dilute a solute that is unable to cross the membrane.What is this process called?

A) diffusion
B) facilitated transport
C) osmosis
D) homeostasis
E) feedback regulation

Question 78

An important purpose of a cell wall in bacteria is to

A) prevent the cell from adhering to other cells.
B) prevent the cell from collapsing.
C) prevent the cell from being eaten.
D) allow the cell to live in water.
E) allow the cell to take in nutrients.

Question 79

Phospholipids are

A) hydrophilic.
B) hydrophobic.
C) neutral.
D) partly hydrophilic and partly hydrophobic.
E) partly neutral and partly hydrophilic.

Question 80

The hydrophilic head of a phospholipid is composed of

A) a cholesterol group,a phosphate group,and a glycerol molecule.
B) a choline group,a phosphate group,and a glycerol molecule.
C) a cholesterol group,a phosphate group,and a glycine molecule.
D) a choline group,a phosphorous atom,and a glycerol molecule.
E) a choline group,a phosphorous atom,and a glycine molecule.