Deck 29: Respiratory System

Question 1

Most oxygen is transported through the body _____.

A) dissolved in the blood
B) dissolved in red blood cells
C) bound to hemoglobin
D) bound to dissolved iron

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What factor most influences your need to breathe when you hold your breath?

A) rising oxygen levels
B) falling oxygen levels
C) rising carbon dioxide levels
D) falling carbon dioxide levels

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the human body,partial pressure of oxygen changes dramatically as blood moves from the lungs to the tissues.How does this affect oxygen binding on hemoglobin?

A) Where the partial pressure is high,hemoglobin drops off oxygen easily.
B) Where the partial pressure is low,hemoglobin drops off oxygen easily.
C) Where the partial pressure is low,hemoglobin picks up oxygen easily.
D) Partial pressure does not affect oxygen binding.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Inhalation is accompanied by

A) muscular relaxation and a decrease in lung volume.
B) muscular relaxation and an increase in lung volume.
C) muscular contraction and a decrease in lung volume.
D) muscular contraction and an increase in lung volume.
E) muscular contraction and no change in lung volume.

Question 5

What structure is a common pathway for both food and air?

A) trachea
B) pharynx
C) larynx
D) nasal cavity

Question 6

Oxygen is exchanged between the body and the environment at the _____.

A) alveoli
B) capillary beds
C) bronchi
D) trachea

Question 7

Decreasing oxygen levels at high altitudes stimulates the _____.

A) bone marrow to make more red blood cells (RBCs)and hemoglobin
B) lungs to increase their intake abilities
C) lungs to increase their carbon dioxide-releasing abilities
D) bone marrow to reduce red blood cell (RBC)and hemoglobin production

Question 8

Is the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin controlled by body temperature?

A) Yes,an increase in body temperature causes oxygen to be released less easily.
B) No,body temperature does not control the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin.
C) Yes,an increase in body temperature causes oxygen to be released more easily.
D) Yes,a decrease in body temperature causes oxygen to be released more easily.

Question 9

Most carbon dioxide is transported through the body _____.

A) as carbonic acid in plasma
B) bound to oxygen in red blood cells
C) as iron within hemoglobin
D) bound to iron in hemoglobin

Question 10

Where does gas exchange between air and blood occur?

A) trachea
B) alveoli
C) bronchioles
D) bronchi

Question 11

Which option correctly lists the pathway that oxygen follows as it enters the body?

A) pharynx,larynx,alveoli,bronchioles,bronchi,trachea
B) larynx,pharynx,alveoli,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea
C) pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli
D) alveoli,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea,pharynx,larynx

Question 12

Which option correctly lists the pathway that carbon dioxide follows as it leaves the body?

A) bronchioles,alveoli,bronchi,trachea,pharynx,larynx
B) pharynx,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea,larynx,alveoli
C) alveoli,bronchioles,bronchi,trachea,larynx,pharynx
D) alveoli,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea,pharynx,larynx

Question 13

Blood doping results in _____.

A) artificial increases in RBCs or hemoglobin
B) natural increases in RBCs or hemoglobin
C) artificial decreases in RBCs or hemoglobin
D) natural decreases in RBCs or hemoglobin

Question 14

Elite athletes do not usually engage in smoking of any kind.Why?

A) They don't want to reduce the surface area-to-volume ratio in their lungs.
B) They don't want to increase the level of toxins they take in before big races.
C) They don't want to develop decreased oxygen consumption before big races.
D) all of these

Question 15

Training at high altitude is similar to _____.

A) sleeping in a hypoxia chamber
B) sleeping at sea level
C) training at sea level
D) training with a good trainer

Question 16

When Asian geese fly at high altitudes (e.g. ,the Himalayas),they breathe thin air where the partial pressure of oxygen is low compared to that at sea level.Which adaption would help the geese efficiently bind oxygen to red blood cells in their lungs when flying at high altitudes?

A) hemoglobin that has a high affinity for oxygen
B) hemoglobin that has a low affinity for oxygen
C) hemoglobin that has a high affinity for carbon dioxide
D) hemoglobin that has a low affinity for carbon dioxide

Question 17

In a human body,blood leaving the lungs heads first to the _____.

A) heart
B) limbs
C) brain
D) liver

Question 18

Which part of the respiratory system is the site of exchange of gases between blood and air?

A) alveoli
B) bronchioles
C) trachea
D) pharynx
E) bronchi

Question 19

How is O₂ transported throughout the body?

A) dissolved in the plasma of blood
B) bound to hemoglobin in plasma
C) bound to hemoglobin in white blood cells
D) bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells
E) dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells

Question 20

What is the large muscle that helps to move air in and out of the lungs called?

A) trachea
B) alveolus
C) diaphragm
D) bronchus

Question 21

Inhalation involves which of the following?

A) relaxation of the diaphragm and rib cage muscles
B) a swallowing motion in the upper respiratory tract
C) an increase in outside air pressure
D) contraction of the diaphragm and rib cage muscles
E) upward movement of the diaphragm

Question 22

Which muscles are primarily responsible for the ventilation of our lungs?

A) rib cage muscles
B) diaphragm
C) lung muscles
D) bronchial muscles
E) cavitation muscles

Question 23

What can cause a drop in blood pH?

A) a decrease in O₂
B) an increase in O₂
C) a decrease in CO₂
D) an increase in CO₂
E) either an increase in O₂ or an increase in CO₂

Question 24

Relative to a tissue at rest,actively exercising tissues have

A) higher temperature,higher P_O2,and higher pH.
B) higher temperature,lower P_O2 and lower pH.
C) higher temperature,higher P_O2 and lower pH.
D) lower temperature,higher P_O2 and higher pH.
E) lower temperature,lower P_O2 and lower pH.

Question 25

Breathing in and out of a paper bag will ______ pH and therefore ______ ventilation.

A) not change;not change
B) increase;increase
C) increase;decrease
D) decrease;decrease
E) decrease;increase

Question 26

What structure of the respiratory system allows for air passage from the nose and mouth?

A) pharynx
B) bronchioles
C) trachea
D) larynx
E) bronchi

Question 27

Which of the following mimics high altitude?

A) sleeping in a high-O₂ chamber
B) sleeping in a low-O₂ chamber
C) transfusing RBCs into the circulation
D) both sleeping in a high-O₂ chamber and transfusing RBCs into the circulation
E) both sleeping in a low-O₂ chamber and transfusing RBCs into the circulation

Question 28

What is the particular feature of altitude that increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood?

A) the actual height (elevation)
B) the reduced atmospheric (barometric)pressure
C) the reduced partial pressure of oxygen
D) the increased atmospheric (barometric)pressure
E) the decreased relative humidity

Question 29

The respiratory surface of a lung is dictated by which respiratory system structure?

A) bronchi
B) throat
C) trachea
D) alveoli
E) bronchioles

Question 30

Trachea and tracheoles of an insect tracheal respiratory system are most closely associated with which part of the human respiratory system?

A) mouth and lungs
B) trachea and larynx
C) bronchi and bronchioles
D) alveoli and bronchioles
E) bronchioles and alveoli

Question 31

A(n)___________ motion of the diaphragm creates a decreasing pressure that results in __________.

A) downward;inhalation
B) upward;exhalation
C) downward;exhalation
D) undulating;inhalation
E) undulating;exhalation

Question 32

Which of the following is the correct order of respiratory tubes air would follow during inhalation?

A) mouth $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveoli
B) mouth $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveoli
C) mouth $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ alveoli
D) mouth $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveoli
E) mouth $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ alveoli

Question 33

What does EPO do?

A) stimulates RBCs to release stored O₂
B) stimulates RBC production
C) increases the number of heme groups per molecule of hemoglobin
D) increases ventilation rate.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 34

Exhalation involves which of the following?

A) increase in lung air pressure
B) upward movement of the diaphragm
C) relaxation of the diaphragm and rib cage muscles
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 35

The major respiratory organ in humans is the _____.

A) pharynx
B) lung
C) trachea
D) alveoli
E) voice box

Question 36

Which structure in the respiratory system also contains the vocal chords?

A) alveoli
B) bronchioles
C) lungs
D) larynx
E) bronchi

Question 37

A respiratory system is composed of

A) the lungs.
B) trachea.
C) bronchi.
D) alveoli.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 38

The spiracles of an insect would most closely be associated with which of the following human respiratory structures?

A) mouth
B) bronchioles
C) trachea
D) bronchi
E) alveoli

Question 39

The tiny air sacs that act as the primary site of gas exchange are termed _____.

A) pharynx
B) lungs
C) trachea
D) alveoli
E) vocal chords

Question 40

What is the last single airway passage from the outside environment prior to branching between two major bronchi?

A) pharynx
B) bronchi
C) trachea
D) alveoli
E) throat

Question 41

Why will a fish out of water die?

A) The gas exchange system requires water over the gill filaments.
B) Carbon dioxide will build up in the blood of the fish.
C) There will be a lack of oxygen to key organ systems in the fish.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 42

In fish,_____________ in the gills allow for the absorption of oxygen from water and the elimination of carbon dioxide.

A) capillaries
B) air pockets
C) operculum
D) ram ventilation
E) cardiorespiratory surfaces

Question 43

Blood being pumped by the heart is circulated in two circuits.One circuit carries blood with high levels of _____________ to the lungs,and the other circuit carries blood with high levels of _____________to the body.

A) oxygen;carbon dioxide
B) oxygen;oxygen
C) carbon dioxide;carbon dioxide
D) carbon dioxide;nitrogen
E) carbon dioxide;oxygen

Question 44

Why is there no need for insects to have a cardiovascular system to allow for gas exchange?

A) Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged directly at the muscle cells.
B) Diffusion of gasses occurs with the air directly.
C) Insect cells do not conduct aerobic respiration.
D) Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged directly at the muscle cells and insect cells do not conduct aerobic respiration.
E) Diffusion of gasses occurs with the air directly and insect cells do not conduct aerobic respiration.

Question 45

The physical interaction between the respiratory and the cardiovascular system takes place at which respiratory structure in a fish?

A) insect alveoli
B) gill filaments
C) tracheoles
D) bronchi
E) operculum

Question 46

What stops oxygen from diffusing back into the lungs after it is in the blood?

A) Diffusion slows once there are equal concentrations in the blood and lungs.
B) The oxygen levels in the alveoli and blood move toward equilibrium.
C) The blood is flowing past the alveoli in capillaries and out to the heart.
D) Oxygen does diffuse back into the lungs in small amounts,but the overall movement of oxygen is from the high concentration in the lungs to the low concentration in the blood.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 47

Humans' upper respiratory system provides a way to balance the loss of water and to keep out dust.Which of the following insect respiratory structures function in the same manner?

A) spiracle
B) trachea
C) tracheoles
D) body wall surface
E) antennae

Question 48

Cellular respiration keeps the oxygen level in the tissue _______,which ________ diffusion rates of oxygen from the blood.

A) low;decreases
B) high;increases
C) low;increases
D) high;decreases
E) Levels of oxygen in the tissue have no effect on oxygen diffusion.

Question 49

Diaphragm and rib cage muscle movement in a human is replaced by what air volume control mechanism in insects?

A) The movement of the body surface compresses and expands the tracheal tube system to ventilate air.
B) The spiracles are able to adjust to ventilate air.
C) Carbon dioxide and oxygen are able to diffuse directly into the muscle cells of the insect so there is no need to ventilate air.
D) Tracheoles are able to contract their muscles to ventilate air.
E) Insects are not capable of forced movement of air at any time.

Question 50

Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissue to the lungs by which blood component?

A) plasma
B) red blood cells
C) white blood cells
D) It forms air bubbles and moves through the cardiovascular system.
E) Carbon dioxide does not move into blood directly.

Question 51

What structural feature is shared by both capillaries and alveoli that aids in the exchange of gasses by diffusion?

A) Both have thin walls that are just nearly one cell thick.
B) Both have small plasma membranes.
C) Both are full of oxygen-depleted blood for gas exchange.
D) Both are supplied with osmotic pressure from the diaphragm.
E) Both are uniquely thick walled to allow quick diffusion of gasses.

Question 52

The physical interaction between the respiratory and the cardiovascular system takes place at which cardiovascular structure in both humans and fish?

A) capillaries
B) left atrium
C) aorta
D) pulmonary artery
E) filaments

Question 53

The physical interaction between the respiratory and the cardiovascular system takes place at which respiratory structure in a human?

A) bronchioles
B) alveoli
C) bronchi
D) respiratory vessels
E) gill filaments

Question 54

The physical interaction between the respiratory and the cardiovascular system takes place at which respiratory structure in an insect?

A) insect alveoli
B) gill filaments
C) tracheoles
D) bronchi
E) spiracle

Question 55

Each alveolus is surrounded by which of the following cardiovascular structures?

A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) aorta
D) bronchioles
E) bronchiole veins

Question 56

What cardiovascular structure carries blood oxygenated in the lungs throughout the body?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) pulmonary artery
D) arteries and veins
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 57

Blood leaving the right side of heart is headed to ______________ for gas exchange.

A) the body
B) the aorta
C) the lungs
D) the left side of the heart
E) the coronary arteries

Question 58

Why are gasses exchanged in the respiratory systems of insects and fish?

A) Insects and fish require oxygen as a reactant for cellular respiration.
B) Insects use nitrogen gasses as both a reactant and product of cellular respiration,and fish use oxygen as a reactant and carbon dioxide as a product of cellular respiration.
C) Insects and fish create carbon dioxide as a waste product of cellular respiration.
D) Insects and fish both require oxygen as a reactant for cellular respiration and create carbon dioxide as a waste product of cellular respiration.
E) All of the answers are hurdles.

Question 59

Which of the following fish organs is most closely related to the lungs of a human?

A) operculum
B) gill filaments
C) gills
D) fins for swimming
E) fish mouth

Question 60

Which of the following dictate the respiratory surface of a fish?

A) the volume of water over the lungs
B) the size and number of gill filaments
C) the size of the operculum
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 61

What provides the oxygen-carrying capability in the blood?

A) hemoglobin protein in the red blood cells
B) four heme groups in each of the hemoglobin proteins
C) Iron in each of the heme groups physically binds to oxygen.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 62

The "live high,train low" training regimen is built on what scientific knowledge of the respiratory system? Select the TWO answers that apply.

A) Red blood cell numbers go up at high altitudes.
B) Oxygen delivery is greatly increased with a high partial pressure of oxygen at sea level.
C) Carbon dioxide will not be produced in as high an amount at high altitude.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 63

What sickness can develop when there is a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying iron available to make hemoglobin?

A) altitude sickness
B) recovery training
C) asthma
D) anemia
E) barometric sickness

Question 64

When at high altitude,which of the following terms describes the specific pressure exerted by oxygen?

A) homeostasis
B) erythrocytes
C) partial pressure
D) barometric pressure
E) hypoxic pressure

Question 65

The inability to perform carbon dioxide gas exchange in the lungs will lead to a condition called _____________.

A) serum sickness
B) erythrocytosis
C) acidosis
D) altitude sickness
E) sea sickness

Question 66

Some human populations that live at high altitudes are able to draw more air into their lungs to oxygenate the blood of the cardiovascular system.What genetic term describes this ability?

A) This ability has nothing to do with genetics.
B) traits
C) Mendelian genetics
D) adaptation
E) diffusion

Question 67

An increased breathing rate is often associated with which of the following?

A) increased heart rate to deliver oxygen through the cardiovascular system
B) increased carbonic acid levels in the blood
C) decreased pH in the blood
D) increase in cellular respiration in the tissues
E) All of the answers are associated with increased breathing rates.

Question 68

The body maintains oxygen-carrying homeostasis at high altitudes with which response?

A) increasing the heart rate
B) increasing the production of red blood cells
C) moving to lower altitudes
D) breathing harder to increase the barometric pressure
E) allowing blood to move slowly through the lungs

Question 69

Low partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere has what effect on the oxygen diffusion into the blood from alveoli?

A) The diffusion rate of oxygen into the blood is always constant and does not change due to a change in the number of available oxygen molecules in the alveolar air.
B) The diffusion rate is increased because there are more oxygen molecules available in the alveolar air.
C) The diffusion rate is decreased because there are more oxygen molecules available in the alveolar air.
D) The diffusion rate is increased because there are fewer oxygen molecules available in the alveolar air.
E) The diffusion rate is decreased because there are fewer oxygen molecules available in the alveolar air.

Question 70

Aerobic respiration powered by the oxygen supplied through the cardiovascular system produces what product necessary for the cell?

A) carbon dioxide
B) glucose
C) fermentation products
D) diffusion
E) ATP

Question 71

Which of the following increases the release of oxygen from hemoglobin in a tissue?

A) decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue due to use in cellular respiration
B) increased pH in the tissue due to repeated contractions
C) increase in temperature in the tissue due to repeated contractions
D) both decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue due to use in cellular respiration and increase in temperature in the tissue due to repeated contractions
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 72

Carbon dioxide moves through the cardiovascular system _____________.

A) in the form of carbonic acid
B) as gas bubbles
C) as oxygenated carbon
D) attached to hemoglobin
E) as dissolved carbon dioxide

Question 73

What sickness can develop when the oxygen-carrying homeostasis is abruptly altered due to a quick change in the partial pressure of oxygen?

A) altitude sickness
B) recovery training
C) asthma
D) anemia
E) barometric sickness

Question 74

Increased carbon dioxide triggers an increased breathing rate,so how does this relate to a potential oxygen demand?

A) Increased carbon dioxide is the product of increased cellular respiration.
B) Increased cellular respiration requires increased oxygen.
C) Increased carbon dioxide is controlled by the pH of the blood.
D) Both increased carbon dioxide is the product of increased cellular respiration and increased cellular respiration requires increased oxygen.
E) All of the answers are ways the two are related.

Question 75

An increased breathing rate is most closely associated with which of the following?

A) the demand for oxygen
B) the demand for carbon dioxide
C) an increase in blood pH
D) an increase in blood carbon dioxide levels
E) a decrease in blood carbon dioxide levels

Question 76

The type of training regimen that uses altering exposure to different partial pressures of oxygen to increase oxygen delivery to the tissue is called ___________.

A) train high,live low
B) hypoxic conditions
C) partial pressure training
D) altitude training
E) live high,train low

Question 77

Altitude sickness is to low atmospheric oxygen as acidosis is to ______________.

A) low carbon dioxide levels in the blood
B) low carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
C) high oxygen levels in the blood
D) high carbon dioxide levels in the blood
E) low oxygen levels in the blood

Question 78

Barometric pressure is typically measured in what units?

A) centimeters of mercury (cmHg)
B) millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
C) centimeters of helium (cmHe)
D) millimeters of helium (mmHe)
E) Barometric pressure is not measured but mathematically calculated.

Question 79

What triggers the brain to increase contraction signals to the ventilation muscles?

A) High blood pH is sensed by the brain.
B) Low blood pH is sensed by the brain.
C) High carbon dioxide levels are measured by the brain.
D) Low carbon dioxide levels are measured by the brain.
E) The brain does not have the ability to directly detect changes in the blood.

Question 80

What in the blood allows for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues?

A) plasma
B) white blood cells
C) platelets
D) red blood cells
E) erythrocytosis