Deck 27: Digestive System

Question 1

During digestion,epithelial cells lining the small intestine absorb nutrients,which are then _____.

A) stored as fat
B) passed into the bloodstream
C) distributed by the villi
D) stored in the gallbladder
E) transported to the pancreas

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Why is fiber an important part of our diet?

A) Bacteria living in the colon break down fiber for nutrients.
B) Fiber helps prevent bacterial growth in the colon.
C) Bacteria living in the colon break down fiber for absorption.
D) Fiber prevents chyme from entering the large intestines.
E) Fiber is required to emulsify fats in the small intestine.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The villi that line the wall of the small intestines serve to _____.

A) increase the surface area of the small intestines
B) increase absorption of nutrients by the small intestines
C) slow the movement of chyme into the large intestines
D) increase the surface area and absorption of nutrients by the small intestines
E) increase the surface area and slow the movement of chyme into the large intestines

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which statement best explains why stomach acid does not harm the lining of the stomach?

A) The stomach is lined with a layer of thick protective mucus.
B) The stomach flushes the acid into the small intestines very quickly.
C) The stomach acid is quickly absorbed by the liver.
D) Stomach acid is a weak acid.
E) Stomach acid is only produced by an ulcer.

Question 5

The primary function of the small intestine is to _____.

A) digest carbohydrates
B) absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
C) store bile salts
D) produce amylase
E) temporarily store food

Question 6

What happens to waste material that collects in the large intestine?

A) It is absorbed by the cells of the colon.
B) It is emulsified and eliminated by the body in perspiration.
C) It is sent back to the small intestines for further digestion.
D) It is compacted and eliminated from the body as stool.
E) It is used to produce enzymes for digestion of macromolecules in the small intestine.

Question 7

Bariatric surgery is often recommended for morbidly obese persons.Which statement regarding bariatric surgery is false?

A) Patients can continue to eat large amounts of food after the surgery.
B) Patients often must take vitamin and mineral supplements.
C) Patients may suffer from other health issues as a result of bariatric surgery
D) Patients often lose 30%-50% of their excess weight within 6 months of the surgery.

Question 8

Salivary amylase breaks down _____ in the mouth.

A) pepsin and carbohydrates
B) protein and carbohydrates
C) carbohydrates
D) pepsin,protein,and carbohydrates
E) pepsin and protein

Question 9

All of these are important components of the digestive system EXCEPT the _____.

A) gallbladder
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) small intestine
E) urinary bladder

Question 10

Without a gallbladder,which situation may occur?

A) an inability to break down fats in the small intestines
B) an inability to store bile salts
C) an inability to break down carbohydrates in the small intestines
D) an inability to break down fats in the small intestines and an inability to produce bile
E) an inability to break down fats in the small intestines and an inability to store bile salts

Question 11

The chemical breakdown of food begins in the _____.

A) stomach
B) small intestines
C) large intestines
D) anus
E) mouth

Question 12

The stomach is an important part of the digestive system.Which function is NOT performed by the stomach?

A) churning acid and pepsin with food to make chyme
B) storing food
C) producing salivary amylase
D) passing chyme into the small intestines
E) absorbing water and certain drugs

Question 13

Which statement regarding the stomach is false?

A) Stomach acid helps protect us from food-borne diseases.
B) Stomach acid denatures certain proteins in our food.
C) Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach.
D) The stomach stores bile for fat emulsification in the small intestine.
E) The stomach receives food from the esophagus.

Question 14

The digestive system is responsible for breaking down the food we eat into usable subunits.Which list correctly places the parts of the digestive system in order starting in the mouth?

A) mouth,esophagus,large intestine,stomach,small intestine
B) mouth,small intestine,large intestine,stomach,esophagus
C) mouth,esophagus,stomach,large intestine,small intestine
D) mouth,esophagus,stomach,small intestine,large intestine
E) mouth,stomach,esophagus,small intestine,large intestine

Question 15

Which organ is responsible for producing bile salts essential for emulsifying fats in the small intestine?

A) gall bladder
B) small intestine
C) liver
D) large intestine
E) stomach

Question 16

Why are patients who are undergoing gastric bypass more likely to lose a significant amount of weight compared to sleeve gastrectomy?

A) Sleeve gastrectomy removes over half of the small intestines where nutrients and calories are absorbed.
B) Sleeve gastrectomy does not dramatically reduce the size of the stomach.
C) Gastric bypass removes over half of the small intestines where nutrients and calories are absorbed.
D) Sleeve gastrectomy redirects food from the upper stomach to the lower end of the small intestine.
E) Gastric bypass patients do not lose more weight when compared to sleeve gastrectomy.

Question 17

The pancreas is NOT responsible for _____.

A) neutralizing the acidic chyme
B) secreting enzymes that break down carbohydrates
C) helping break down fats and proteins in the small intestines
D) storage of bile
E) secreting enzymes that break down fats and proteins

Question 18

The muscular contraction used to push food down the esophagus and to mix chyme in the stomach is called _____.

A) forced contraction
B) regular contraction
C) peristalsis
D) chyme
E) digestion

Question 19

Which statement best explains why bypassing a portion of the small intestine can significantly increase weight loss?

A) The small intestine is the primary organ for mechanical digestion.
B) The small intestine is the primary organ for waste removal.
C) The small intestine is the primary organ for nutrient absorption.
D) The small intestine is the primary organ for food storage.
E) The small intestine is the primary organ for water absorption.

Question 20

Which part of the digestive system is incorrectly paired with its primary function?

A) large intestine: absorbs water,salts,and vitamins
B) small intestine: absorbs nutrients
C) rectum: stores waste ready for elimination
D) colon: produces enzymes to break down fats
E) gallbladder: store bile salts produced by the liver

Question 21

Where does the majority of chemical digestion take place?

A) small intestine
B) esophagus
C) mouth
D) stomach
E) colon

Question 22

The sea anemone has one digestive opening.This is an example of a(n)_____ digestive system.

A) closed
B) passive
C) complex
D) incomplete
E) complete

Question 23

The colon is responsible for absorption of all of these EXCEPT _____.

A) water
B) salts
C) vitamins
D) bacteria
E) minerals

Question 24

An incomplete digestive cavity where nutrients are digested and absorbed in a sea anemone is called a _____.

A) stomach cavity
B) mouth
C) gastrovascular cavity
D) colon
E) liver

Question 25

Food passes through which of the following digestive organs?

A) stomach
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive system?

A) stomach
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) kidneys
E) All of the answers are part of the digestive system.

Question 27

All of these statements are true regarding weight loss surgery EXCEPT _____.

A) sleeve gastrectomy surgery can be reversed
B) gastric bypass requires patients to follow a strict diet plan
C) sleeve gastrectomy allows food to pass through the stomach and bypass the small intestines
D) sleeve gastrectomy helps patients feel full faster
E) a calorie-restricted diet is recommended to obese patients before weight loss surgery

Question 28

In the mouth,__________ digestion occurs.

A) mechanical
B) carbohydrate
C) protein
D) mechanical and carbohydrate
E) mechanical and fat

Question 29

Which of these is NOT a permanent means of weight reduction?

A) sleeve gastrectomy
B) gastric bypass
C) diet pills
D) Sleeve gastrectomy,gastric bypass,and diet pills are all permanent.

Question 30

Humans have a complete digestive system.A complete digestive system is one with _____.

A) more than three components
B) a mouth and an anus
C) a liver and a gallbladder
D) digestive enzymes
E) one digestive opening

Question 31

Muscle paralysis in the digestive tract would compromise which digestive function?

A) chemical digestion in the stomach
B) chemical digestion in the small intestine
C) absorption in the small intestine
D) chemical digestion in the mouth
E) movement of food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 32

Which part of the digestive tract has the most acidic pH?

A) esophagus
B) colon
C) small intestine
D) stomach
E) mouth

Question 33

The duodenum receives secretions from the _____ and _____.

A) gallbladder;liver
B) gallbladder;pancreas
C) pancreas;liver
D) salivary glands;pancreas
E) liver;salivary glands

Question 34

Someone whose gallbladder has been surgically removed will have trouble processing

A) fats.
B) carbohydrates.
C) minerals.
D) vitamins.
E) proteins.

Question 35

Gastric bypass surgery causes the _____________ to become ____________.

A) stomach;smaller
B) small intestine;larger
C) stomach;less acidic
D) small intestine;less acidic
E) stomach;larger

Question 36

Which statement regarding the digestive system is false?

A) The colon is the last portion of the large intestine.
B) The rectum stores waste ready for elimination.
C) The large intestine acts as a trash compactor.
D) The colon is responsible for water reabsorption.
E) The bacteria in the colon help produce valuable vitamins.

Question 37

Which statement regarding fungi digestion is false?

A) Fungi have a closed digestive system.
B) Fungi have hyphae that serve as digestive organs.
C) Fungi absorb nutrients directly into their cells.
D) Hyphae from fungi release digestive enzymes.
E) Fungi do not have a mouth or stomach pouch.

Question 38

Patients who have undergone gastric bypass surgery must do all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) monitor micronutrient levels regularly
B) take supplemental vitamins
C) eat small meals
D) eat only once daily
E) change their eating habits

Question 39

Chyme exiting the stomach first enters into the _____.

A) pancreas
B) esophagus
C) gallbladder
D) duodenum
E) large intestine

Question 40

As food travels through the digestive system,__________.Select the THREE answers that apply.

A) macromolecules are broken down into subunits
B) nutrients are absorbed
C) nutrients are delivered to body tissues
D) waste is eliminated
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 41

Salivary amylase digests __________.

A) proteins
B) polypeptides
C) carbohydrates
D) vitamins
E) minerals

Question 42

Chemical digestion of proteins begins in the __________.

A) small intestine
B) stomach
C) mouth
D) large intestine
E) pancreas

Question 43

Chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins in the __________.

A) small intestine
B) stomach
C) mouth
D) large intestine
E) pancreas

Question 44

The stomach's primary functions include _________.

A) storing food and breaking down proteins
B) storing food and absorbing nutrients
C) absorbing water and breaking down proteins
D) mechanically breaking up food and absorbing nutrients
E) digesting carbohydrates and storing food

Question 45

Mechanical digestion of food begins in the __________ and largely ends in the __________.

A) small intestine;large intestine
B) esophagus;stomach
C) mouth;stomach
D) mouth;large intestine
E) stomach;small intestine

Question 46

The liquid mixture of food,water,acid,and enzymes in the stomach is called __________.

A) chimera
B) peristalsis
C) pepsin
D) chyme
E) pepsinogen

Question 47

Peristalsis is a process that __________.

A) mechanically breaks up food
B) chemically breaks up food
C) moves food through the digestive tract
D) absorbs nutrients from food
E) absorbs water from food

Question 48

In the esophagus,peristalsis __________.

A) mechanically breaks down food
B) moves food from the mouth to the stomach
C) secretes pepsin to help break down protein
D) mixes food with acid and pepsin
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 49

Peristalsis is involved in __________.

A) moving food through the digestive tract
B) churning food in the stomach
C) mechanical digestion of food
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 50

An incomplete digestive system is characterized by having __________.

A) no digestive enzymes
B) no elimination of wastes
C) only one opening
D) only partial absorption of nutrients
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 51

In the upper digestive tract,enzymes are produced by the __________.

A) tongue
B) esophagus
C) salivary glands
D) stomach
E) salivary glands and stomach

Question 52

In the stomach,peristalsis __________.

A) mechanically breaks down food
B) moves food from the mouth to the stomach
C) secretes pepsin to help break down protein
D) mixes food with acid and pepsin
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 53

Digestion in fungi is similar to digestion in humans in that fungi _________.

A) have a digestive tube into which food passes and waste is eliminated
B) break down food using digestive enzymes
C) harbor bacteria that assist them in processing digestive waste
D) transport nutrients throughout their bodies via a specialized circulatory system
E) transport food via peristalsis

Question 54

In the upper digestive tract,mechanical breakdown occurs in the __________.

A) mouth
B) stomach
C) esophagus
D) mouth and esophagus
E) esophagus and stomach

Question 55

The ________ connect(s)the mouth to the stomach.

A) esophagus
B) peritoneum
C) ligaments
D) bolus
E) pancreas

Question 56

The stomach is part of the ______ digestive tract.

A) secondary
B) upper
C) chemical
D) remedial
E) mechanical

Question 57

One main role of the stomach is to chemically digest __________.

A) complex carbohydrates
B) phospholipids
C) simple carbohydrates
D) water
E) proteins

Question 58

The correct order of events in obtaining nutrients from food is __________.

A) digestion,ingestion,elimination
B) elimination,ingestion,digestion
C) ingestion,elimination,digestion
D) ingestion,digestion,elimination
E) digestion,elimination,ingestion

Question 59

Protein digestion in the stomach occurs by the action of __________ and _________.

A) amylase;acid
B) bile salts;acid
C) bile salts;amylase
D) pepsin;acid
E) pepsin;lipase

Question 60

The organs of the upper digestive tract include the __________.

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 61

Which organ stores and secretes bile salts,which help break down fat?

A) pancreas
B) liver
C) duodenum
D) gallbladder
E) rectum

Question 62

The cells lining the inner surface of the small intestine are known as __________.

A) epithelial cells
B) endothelial cells
C) mesothelial cells
D) duodenal cells
E) sulcal cells

Question 63

Which organ makes bile salts,which help break down fat?

A) pancreas
B) liver
C) duodenum
D) gallbladder
E) mouth

Question 64

The longest organ of the digestive system is the __________.

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) colon
E) rectum

Question 65

The first and longest portion of the large intestine is the __________.

A) pancreas
B) appendix
C) colon
D) duodenum
E) rectum

Question 66

The small intestine of an average adult is about _____ feet long.

A) 2
B) 7
C) 12
D) 15
E) 20

Question 67

The villi improve absorption by _________ and are found on the __________.

A) increasing surface area;epithelial cells of the small intestine
B) secreting lubricating mucus;muscular wall of the colon
C) releasing bile salts;cells of the liver
D) producing lipase;epithelial cells of the duodenum
E) allowing peristalsis;inner lining of the esophagus

Question 68

Which organ neutralizes the acid of the chyme?

A) pancreas
B) liver
C) duodenum
D) gallbladder
E) large intestine

Question 69

The lining of the small intestine is folded into _______,which _______ for efficient nutrient absorption.

A) transverse folds;increase surface area
B) villi;increase surface area
C) villi;decrease surface area
D) epithelial cells;increase surface area
E) epithelial cells;decrease surface area

Question 70

Most absorption occurs in the __________.

A) esophagus
B) kidneys
C) duodenum
D) small intestine
E) large intestine

Question 71

In the small intestine,digested nutrients are __________.

A) absorbed directly into blood vessels for transport to the rest of the body
B) absorbed by epithelial cells,then pass into blood vessels for transport to the rest of the body
C) absorbed by epithelial cells,then pass into the villi of the blood vessels for transport to the rest of the body
D) absorbed into blood vessels,after which they pass through epithelial cells before being transported to the rest of the body
E) absorbed across the muscle layers into blood vessels that transport them to the rest of the body

Question 72

To emulsify means to _________.

A) suspend a hydrophobic liquid as droplets in a watery mixture
B) chemically digest fats through enzymatic action
C) churn up food particles,especially fats,to speed digestion
D) increase the surface area of an organ to increase absorption
E) rhythmically contract to push food through the digestive tract

Question 73

Digestion in sea anemones is different from digestion in humans in that sea anemones _________.

A) don't have an internal digestive system
B) don't absorb nutrients from their digestive cavities
C) have a simple digestive pouch with a single opening,whereas humans have a specialized digestive tube with two openings
D) harbor a complex community of microorganisms that digest their food and provide nutrients to their body tissues whereas humans have a simple community of bacteria
E) Digestion in sea anemones is the same as it is in humans.

Question 74

MOST of the enzymes used in digestion are produced by the __________.

A) salivary glands and pancreas
B) stomach and small intestine
C) small intestine and liver
D) liver and gallbladder
E) pancreas and stomach

Question 75

People who cannot store or produce bile salts will most likely have more _________ in their stool than people who can.

A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) fats
D) salts
E) water

Question 76

All of the following happen in the large intestine,EXCEPT

A) the release of digestive enzymes produced by the body.
B) the absorption of water from undigested food.
C) the absorption of vitamins and minerals from food.
D) the bacterial production of vitamins from food.
E) the collection of food material left over from digestion.

Question 77

Most nutrients from food are absorbed in the ________.

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
E) liver

Question 78

Chemical digestion of fats begins in the __________.

A) small intestine
B) stomach
C) mouth
D) large intestine
E) pancreas

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ to the small intestine?

A) pancreas
B) liver
C) duodenum
D) gallbladder
E) All of the answers are accessory organs to the small intestine.

Question 80

The fingerlike projections that greatly increase the surface area of the small intestine are called __________.

A) sulci
B) synapses
C) effectors
D) villi
E) epitheli