Deck 25: Plant Physiology

Question 1

Plants are eukaryotic cells containing organelles.Which organelle is only found in plant cells?

A) mitochondrion
B) nucleus
C) cell wall
D) turgor
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Trees shed their leaves during the fall in order to _____.

A) increase transpiration
B) increase sugar production during the winter
C) produce more sugar during the winter
D) conserve water during the dry winter months
E) reproduce asexually

Answer 2

D

Question 3

After forgetting to water a plant for a few days,the plant will begin to wilt.Which statement best explains what is happening to the plant?

A) The root system begins searching for water and pulls down on the shoot system,causing it to wilt.
B) The water stored in the central vacuole is used up,which causes the cells to shrink,leading to wilting.
C) The phloem contains less water and causes the plant to wilt.
D) Water stored in the nucleus is used up,which causes the cells to shrink,leading to wilting.
E) none of these

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In flowering plants,the reproductive organs are housed in the flower.Which of these is NOT a reproductive organ of a flowering plant?

A) pistil
B) stamen
C) anther
D) ovary
E) tap root

Question 5

When counting the rings of a tree,you are actually counting rings of _____.

A) lignin
B) phloem
C) stomata
D) xylem
E) sugar

Question 6

Most plants are hermaphrodites,which means they _____.

A) contain only male reproductive organs
B) contain only female reproductive organs
C) contain both male and female reproductive organs
D) rely on wind to spread their seeds
E) rely on insects to spread their seeds

Question 7

All of these are pigments found in leaves EXCEPT _____.

A) chlorophyll
B) anthocyanin
C) xanthophylls
D) carotene
E) hemoglobin

Question 8

An oak tree that turns vibrant red in the fall is most likely a result of _____.

A) cloudy days
B) increased sugar production trapped in the leaves
C) high anthocyanin levels
D) cloudy days and high anthocyanin levels
E) increased sugar production trapped in the leaves and high anthocyanin levels

Question 9

Plants require carbon dioxide to produce sugar during photosynthesis.When a plant's stomata remain closed,which of these can occur?

A) photosynthesis takes place
B) a decrease in sugar production
C) an increase in sugar production
D) an increase in water consumption
E) a decrease in water consumption

Question 10

Plants appear green as a result of a pigment called _____.

A) photosythum
B) chloroplast
C) chlorophyll
D) green
E) photogreen

Question 11

In addition to water and sugar,plants require certain nutrients to grow.Certain bacteria present in fertile soil help plants obtain _____.

A) nitrogen
B) oxygen
C) sulfur
D) carbon dioxide
E) phosphorus

Question 12

Which statement best explains why leaves appear green in the spring and summer?

A) Only chlorophyll is produced in the spring and summer,which gives leaves a green color.
B) High levels of chlorophyll mask the other pigments produced by the leaves.
C) Carotene and xanthophylls are only produced in the fall,not during the spring and summer.
D) Leaves appear green to attract a mate,whereas they appear yellow and orange to hide from predators.
E) none of these

Question 13

Plants require help in order to transfer pollen from one plant to fertilize another.Which of the following does NOT assist in pollination?

A) bees
B) wind
C) bats
D) earthworms
E) birds

Question 14

Each fall,most deciduous trees produce vibrant colored leaves.Which statement best explains why a leaf may turn yellow in the fall?

A) The green pigment in the leaves decreases in the fall.
B) The yellow pigment production increases in the leaves in the fall.
C) The green pigment turns yellow in the leaves in the fall.
D) The increased daylight in the fall burns the leaves.
E) The yellow pigment is a method of camouflage for the tree.

Question 15

Which strategy is used by plants in hot,dry climates to conserve water?

A) They have a thick,waxy coating on their leaves.
B) They have stomata that open during the day to capture carbon dioxide and reduce water loss.
C) They extract oxygen from airspaces within the plant in order to keep stomata closed.
D) They have small,thin leaves.
E) They produce less chlorophyll to limit the need for water.

Question 16

The stomata open and close to allow which molecule(s)to evaporate during transpiration?

A) water
B) carbon dioxide
C) oxygen
D) both oxygen and carbon dioxide
E) both carbon dioxide and water

Question 17

The xylem and phloem act much like the human circulatory system.Which statement regarding the xylem and phloem is FALSE?

A) The xylem transports water from the root system to the shoot system.
B) The xylem and phloem work together to transport essential nutrients to plant cells.
C) The phloem's only function is to transport sugars from the roots to the leaves.
D) Water is moved up the xylem by transpiration.
E) Xylem and phloem are present in both the root and shoot systems.

Question 18

Certain "carnivorous" plants obtain their nitrogen from _____.

A) other plants
B) the soil
C) the air
D) humans
E) insects

Question 19

Certain plants produce runners or bulbs as a method of reproduction.This type of plant reproduction is called _____.

A) sexual generation
B) asexual reproduction
C) bulb running
D) underground reproduction
E) root system reproduction

Question 20

Woody plants such as giant redwoods contain greater amounts of substances that make them tougher and more rigid than other plants,and other woody plants,such as cellulose and _____.

A) vacuoles
B) lignin
C) phloem
D) water
E) turgor

Question 21

Ripe fruits produce ethylene,which promotes _____.

A) loss of chlorophyll
B) breakdown of cell walls
C) fungus growth
D) loss of chlorophyll and breakdown of cell walls
E) loss of chlorophyll and fungus growth
Match the following:

Question 22

When stomata are open,what is happening? Select the TWO correct answers:

A) O₂ is entering the plant for photosynthesis.
B) CO₂ is entering the plant for photosynthesis.
C) H₂O is entering the plant for photosynthesis.
D) H₂O is leaving the plant.

Question 23

Which pigments are present in green leaves in midsummer?

A) chlorophyll
B) xanthophyll
C) carotene
D) anthocyanin
E) All of the pigments listed are present in green leaves in midsummer.

Question 24

In plants,fertilization takes place in the _____.

A) stomata
B) pistil
C) ovule
D) stamen
E) style

Question 25

In order to crisp up some wilted celery,what should you soak it in?

A) pure water
B) a solution with the same solute concentration as the celery
C) a solution with a higher solute concentration than the celery
D) you should let it air dry for a few minutes
E) Any of these solutions would be equally effective.

Question 26

Plants use many different methods to defend themselves against herbivores.All of these are examples of plant defenses EXCEPT _____.

A) toxins inside of seeds
B) the sweet scent of lilacs
C) toxic chemicals in leaves
D) spines of the raspberry bush
E) gaseous deterrents

Question 27

Plants are autotrophs and can make sugar from CO₂.How do they obtain CO₂?

A) through stomata
B) by absorption through the root system
C) by digesting insects
D) by breaking down carbon-rich carbohydrates stored in roots
E) either through stomata or by absorption through the root system

Question 28

What is the function of the cuticle?

A) It enables neighboring cells to stick together.
B) It provides rigidity to the cell wall.
C) It is toxic to many herbivorous insects.
D) It prevents water loss.
E) It is sticky and helps pollen adhere to a plant during pollination.

Question 29

Auxin is a hormone produced by plants that causes _____.

A) elongation of cells
B) increased root hairs
C) elongation of leaves
D) increased leaf growth
E) decreased stem cell growth

Question 30

Gravitropism and phototropism are a result of a hormone called _____.

A) axillary
B) auxin
C) tropism
D) growth hormone
E) testosterone

Question 31

Plant hormones,called gibberellins,are used in agriculture to do all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) promote stem growth
B) increase the size of fruit
C) cause seeds to germinate
D) promote abscisic acid
E) grow seedless grapes

Question 32

If you wanted a plant to grow very tall,which hormone should you apply?

A) auxin
B) ethylene
C) gibberellins
D) anthocyanin
E) ABA

Question 33

Which method was developed by plants to prevent self-pollination?

A) male and female reproductive organs located at different heights
B) chemical barriers to fertilization of eggs
C) insect helpers that block self-pollination
D) male and female reproductive organs located at different heights and chemical barriers to fertilization of eggs
E) male and female reproductive organs located at different heights and insect helpers that block self-pollination

Question 34

Which plant hormone is responsible for a plant's bending toward light?

A) auxin
B) ethylene
C) gibberellins
D) anthocyanin
E) ABA

Question 35

Angiosperms make up close to 90% of the plants in the world.Which statement regarding angiosperms is false?

A) Angiosperms make up most agricultural crops.
B) Fruits and nuts contain angiosperm seeds.
C) A pine cone is an example of an angiosperm.
D) Angiosperm seeds are contained in a protective vessel of some sort.
E) Angiosperms produce a tasty fruit to aid in seed dispersal.

Question 36

Plants have developed many ways to distribute their seeds.All of these are methods of seed dispersal EXCEPT _____.

A) cooking the seeds
B) wind dispersal
C) seed dispersal in animal feces
D) burrs that attach to fur
E) mechanical dispersion

Question 37

The main photosynthetic organs of most plants are the _______.

A) chloroplasts
B) roots
C) stems
D) leaves
E) flowers

Question 38

Which organelle generates turgor pressure?

A) the chloroplast
B) the central vacuole
C) the nucleus
D) the mitochondrion
E) the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

Which statement regarding phototropism is incorrect?

A) Auxin is responsible for elongation of cells on the shaded side of the plant stem.
B) Auxin is only produced by cells on the shady side of the plant stem.
C) Phototropism causes plants to bend toward light.
D) Auxin needed for phototropism is produced only in the tips of stems.
E) Phototropism is caused by a hormone called auxin.

Question 40

Which of the following statements represents a true distinction between xylem and phloem?

A) Xylem provides support only;phloem provides transport.
B) Xylem provides water and nutrient transport;phloem provides sugar transport.
C) Xylem transports materials from shoots to roots;phloem transports materials in either direction.
D) Xylem transports sugars in either direction;phloem transports water from roots to shoots.
E) All of these statements represent distinctions between xylem and phloem.

Question 41

Transpiration _______.Select the TWO answers that apply.

A) is the process by which water evaporates from leaves,pulling more water up from the roots
B) relies on openings in the leaves called stomata
C) relies on the central vacuole to release water from the xylem
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 42

The primary nutrient carnivorous plants seek from capturing insects is _______.

A) phosphorus
B) sulfur
C) carbon
D) nitrogen
E) potassium

Question 43

Water vapor leaves plants through openings called _______.

A) stamens
B) pistil
C) stomata
D) root hairs
E) cuticles

Question 44

In most plants,water and minerals are absorbed by _______.

A) the leaves
B) the stems
C) the roots
D) the stems and roots
E) the leaves,stems,and roots

Question 45

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis is the _______.

A) nucleus
B) chloroplast
C) central vacuole
D) cell wall
E) turgor pressure

Question 46

Transpiration is an effective mechanism for moving water to the leaves in 300-foot-tall trees because of _______.

A) the cellulose and lignin in the walls of xylem cells
B) the cohesive strength of water that holds water molecules together
C) the force of gravity
D) the ability of plants to open and close their stomata
E) the ability of the central vacuole to release water

Question 47

In most plants,photosynthesis takes place _______.

A) in the leaves
B) in the stems
C) in the roots
D) in the leaves and stems
E) in the leaves,stems,and roots

Question 48

The central vacuole _______.

A) is the command and control center of the plant cell
B) is the organelle responsible for photosynthesis
C) surrounds the cell membrane
D) helps keep the cell wall rigid
E) takes in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

Question 49

The organelle that creates a plant cell's turgor pressure is the _______.

A) chloroplast
B) vacuole
C) nucleus
D) secondary cell wall
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 50

In plants,______ transports ______ from ______.

A) xylem;sugars;leaves to roots
B) xylem;water;leaves to roots
C) xylem;water;roots to leaves
D) phloem;water;leaves to roots and roots to leaves
E) phloem;water;roots to leaves

Question 51

Secondary walls of xylem cells are composed largely of _______.

A) acetaldehyde
B) phosphofructose
C) cellulose
D) lignin
E) chitin

Question 52

The primary role of the stem is _______.

A) anchoring
B) reproduction
C) photosynthesis
D) support
E) water acquisition

Question 53

The primary roles of the roots are water acquisition and _______.

A) anchoring
B) reproduction
C) photosynthesis
D) support
E) sugar transport

Question 54

The above-ground support structure of most plants is(are)the _______.

A) taproot
B) root hairs
C) stem
D) leaves
E) taproot and the stem

Question 55

Plants obtain carbon from _______.

A) water
B) the soil
C) animals
D) fossil fuels
E) the air

Question 56

In plants,_____ transports ______ from ______.

A) xylem;sugars;leaves to roots
B) phloem;sugars;leaves to roots
C) xylem;water;leaves to roots and roots to leaves
D) phloem;sugars;leaves to roots and roots to leaves
E) xylem;water;leaves to roots

Question 57

Carnivorous plants often live in acidic soils where nitrogen-fixing ________ are unable to survive.

A) fungi
B) bacteria
C) roots
D) yeasts
E) protists

Question 58

Carnivorous plants often live in acidic soils where ________ -fixing bacteria are unable to survive.

A) phosphorus
B) sulfur
C) molybdenum
D) nitrogen
E) potassium

Question 59

Most plants get their nitrogen with the help of nitrogen fixing _______.

A) fungi
B) bacteria
C) roots
D) yeasts
E) protists

Question 60

Leaves are typically covered with a waxy layer called _______,which reduces water loss.

A) the cuticle
B) keratin
C) chitin
D) lignin
E) ambergris

Question 61

In temperate (not extremely hot,dry)climates,plants typically _______.

A) keep stomata open all day
B) perform both parts of photosynthesis at the same time
C) have thick,waxy cuticles on their leaves to prevent water loss
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 62

The male sexual organ of the plant is the _______.

A) flower
B) pistil
C) filament
D) stamen
E) receptacle

Question 63

You would expect insectivorous/carnivorous plants to be most common _______.

A) in habitats where soils are rich in nitrogen
B) in habitats where soils are poor in nitrogen
C) in habitats where soil is lacking,such as rocky outcrops
D) in habitats where soil is poor in potassium
E) in habitats where soil is poor in phosphates

Question 64

The leaves of deciduous trees change color in the fall because _______.

A) trees substitute other pigments-better adapted for cool fall temperatures-for chlorophyll at this time
B) chloroplasts die in the fall and are replaced with other organelles using other pigments
C) trees produce other pigments in addition to chlorophyll;as chlorophyll production is shut down,the other pigments can be seen
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 65

To conserve water,many desert plants close their _______ during the day.

A) flowers
B) stomata
C) leaves
D) root hairs
E) endodermis

Question 66

A plant whose leaves and other tissues are white is missing _______ and must be a(n)_______.

A) chloroplasts;heterotroph
B) chloroplasts;autotroph
C) nucleus;heterotroph
D) nucleus;autotroph
E) central vacuole;autotroph

Question 67

If you were a flower that relied on a bee to bring you pollen and you wanted to be sure that the pollen you received came from another plant (not you),which arrangement of reproductive parts would be best? Remember that nectar is found at the base of the flower;that's what the bees are after.

A) anthers above the stigma
B) anthers above the ovary
C) stigma above the anthers
D) stigma above the stamen
E) ovary above the anther

Question 68

Flowering plants' sperm are produced inside _______.

A) pollen
B) receptacles
C) petaloids
D) sepals
E) ovules

Question 69

The female sexual organ of the plant is the _______.

A) flower
B) pistil
C) filament
D) stamen
E) receptacle

Question 70

Many desert plants close their stomata during the _______.

A) night
B) summer
C) fall
D) day
E) evening

Question 71

Walking through a remote tropical forest,you discover a bright,round object about the size of a golf ball.It smells sweet and,when you cut it open,you see a collection of seeds inside white,juicy flesh.From this,you conclude that you have discovered a fruit.The seeds from this fruit are most likely dispersed by _______.

A) wind
B) water
C) hummingbirds
D) ballistics: seeds are shot out of the fruit by water pressure
E) an animal who eats the fruit and deposits the seeds in feces

Question 72

Walking through a remote tropical forest,you discover a bright,round object about the size of a golf ball.It smells sweet and,when you cut it open,you see a collection of seeds inside white,juicy flesh.From this,you conclude that you have discovered a fruit.The plant it came from is _______.

A) an angiosperm
B) a gymnosperm
C) a club moss
D) equally likely to be a gymnosperm or a club moss;you can't tell from the available evidence
E) equally likely to be an angiosperm or a gymnosperm;you can't tell from the available evidence

Question 73

The role of a flower's petals is to _______.

A) protect the stigma
B) hold the ovary
C) attract a pollinator
D) produce pollen
E) produce ovules

Question 74

Which of the following plants do NOT produce seeds?

A) apples
B) pine trees
C) gymnosperms
D) angiosperms
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 75

_______ produce _______ whereas _______ produce _______.

A) Gymnosperms;cones;angiosperms;seeds
B) Gymnosperms;seeds in cones;angiosperms;seeds in fruit
C) Gymnosperms;seeds;angiosperms;cones
D) Gymnosperms;seeds in cones;angiosperms;fruits in seeds
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 76

In temperate climates,many trees lose their leaves in the winter because _______.Select the TWO answers that apply.

A) days are short,so the trees don't have enough light to drive photosynthesis
B) when the ground freezes,they don't have enough water to support photosynthesis
C) transpiration only works in the summer
D) transpiration only works in the winter
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 77

In general,plants obtain _______ from the atmosphere and _______ from the soil.

A) carbon dioxide;nitrogen and other nutrients
B) nitrogen;carbon dioxide
C) nitrogen;carbon dioxide and other nutrients
D) carbon dioxide;nitrogen and insects
E) carbon dioxide;nitrogen

Question 78

A seed is best described as _______.

A) a plant embryo
B) a plant embryo along with nutrients for early growth and development
C) a plant embryo along with nutrients and a cone
D) a plant embryo along with nutrients and a fruit to attract dispersers
E) a plant embryo with nutrients and a structure to allow wind dispersal

Question 79

In extremely hot,arid environments,plants may _______.Select the TWO answers that apply.

A) close stomata during the day and collect carbon dioxide at night
B) have adaptations allowing them to absorb carbon dioxide from leaf spaces when the stomata are closed
C) open stomata during the day because they need the carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
D) keep stomata closed to maximize sugar production
E) keep stomata open to maximize sugar production

Question 80

Flowering plants' eggs are produced inside _______.

A) pollen
B) receptacles
C) petaloids
D) sepals
E) ovules