Deck 8: Pediatric Pulmonary Function Tests

Question 1

Which statement is true regarding the "open mouth" technique for spirometry in children?

A) Noseclips should not be used.
B) Some volume may be lost at the beginning of the FVC effort.
C) The open mouth method produces higher peak expiratory flows.
D) This is the preferred method for spirometry in those younger than 10 years.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the normal FRC range in an infant?

A) Between 2 and 3 ml per kg of weight
B) Between 5 and 10 ml per kg of weight
C) Between 15 and 25 ml per kg of weight
D) Between 25 and 35 ml per kg of weight

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What lung volume is used as a reference point when performing a rapid thoracoabdominal compression (hug technique)?

A) Total lung capacity
B) Vital capacity
C) Tidal volume
D) Functional residual capacity

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A 6-year-old girl performs body plethysmography,and three acceptable closed-shutter panting maneuvers are recorded.However,she cannot perform a slow vital capacity maneuver.Which lung volumes can be reliably reported?

A) IC and ERV
B) TLC and RV
C) FRC only
D) Tidal volume only

Question 5

What does an FEF_50%/FIF_50% >1.0 suggest?

A) A variable intrathoracic obstruction
B) A fixed obstruction
C) Chronic obstructive lung disease
D) A variable extrathoracic obstruction

Question 6

Which statement is an essential patient instruction while performing an impulse oscillometry test?

A) The test is performed with children standing.
B) The shutter must be closed at or near FRC.
C) Head should be in a neutral or slightly extended position.
D) Noseclips are not required.

Question 7

What is the allowable back-extrapolation volume in very young children,according to the ATS-ERS pediatric-specific recommendations?

A) 5% or 150 ml
B) 10% or 100 ml
C) 12.5% or 80 ml
D) 15% or 150 ml

Question 8

A 9-year-old boy performs acceptable spirometry,and the following data are reported: These findings are most suggestive of:

A) Asthma
B) Large airway obstruction
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Normal pulmonary function

Question 9

Which statement best describes the measurement of lung volumes in children?

A) Body plethysmography is accurate and easy to perform.
B) Children younger than 10 years should be tested with a helium dilution technique.
C) Children younger than 8 years are usually not able to perform N₂ washout.
D) Single-breath gas dilution (He)is preferred.

Question 10

What is the "passive occlusion technique" used to measure in the sedated infant?

A) P₁₀₀
B) Inspiratory pressures
C) Thoracic gas volume
D) Compliance

Question 11

What pressure is used (unless otherwise contraindicated)during the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC)technique?

A) 10 cm H₂O
B) 20 cm H₂O
C) 30 cm H₂O
D) 40 cm H₂O

Question 12

A 10-year-old girl performs spirometry,and the following data are recorded: What should the technologist do with the data?

A) Perform another maneuver.
B) Report the data from Trial 1 because the subject is fatigued.
C) Data are acceptable and repeatable.
D) Effort-induced bronchospasm is present.

Question 13

Incorrect BTPS correction

A) 1 and 2
B) 3 and 4
C) 1,2,and 3
D) 2,3,and 4

Question 14

A 10-year-old African-American boy (height: 47 inches)performs spirometry,and the following results are recorded: Which statement best explains these findings?

A) There is a restrictive pattern,and lung volumes are indicated.
B) There is an obstructive pattern,and a bronchodilator study is needed.
C) There is an obstructive pattern,and a methacholine challenge is indicated.
D) The values are within normal limits.

Question 15

According to ATS-ERS,pediatric-specific recommendations,what is a key factor in determining end-of-test criteria?

A) Cessation of maneuver occurs at <10% of peak flow.
B) A minimum of 6 seconds
C) There is no cough before the first second.
D) Extrapolated volume is <150 ml.

Question 16

Which two variables are components of impedance?

A) Resistance and reactance
B) Resistance and compliance
C) Reactance and resonance
D) Compliance and capacitance

Question 17

PEFV curves may be obtained in infants by using which of the following?

A) Forced tidal breathing
B) Voluntary hyperventilation
C) Multiple occlusion technique
D) Rapid thoracoabdominal compression

Question 18

Which interpretation is consistent with the following flow-volume curve?

A) Normal flow-volume loop
B) Variable intrathoracic obstruction
C) Variable extrathoracic obstruction
D) Fixed large airway obstruction

Question 19

What type of testing modality yields Konno-Mead loops?

A) Hug-technique spirometry
B) Respiratory inductive plethysmography
C) Impulse oscillometry
D) Passive occlusion technique

Question 20

Measurement of compliance in infants differs from the measurement in adults in that:

A) Infants are unable to breath hold.
B) The airway does not need to be occluded in infants.
C) The infant's chest wall is much more compliant than an adult's.
D) An esophageal balloon must be used in the infant.

Question 21

Which of the following techniques could be used to teach a young child to complete exhalation?

A) Watching a balloon empty air
B) Blowing a pinwheel until it stops
C) Blowing a tissue hard and fast
D) Watching a caregiver breathe in deeply

Question 22

What term is used to describe the pressure oscillations "out of phase" with airflow?

A) Reactance
B) Resistance
C) Resonant frequency
D) Compliance

Question 23

The FEF_25%-75% is reported on a 5-year-old child.The child was unable to exhale to RV after eight attempts.Which of the following should the technologist do?

A) Add a comment that the result is falsely elevated.
B) Add a comment that the result is falsely decreased.
C) Perform another maneuver.
D) Delete FEF_25%-75% from the final report.

Question 24

An 8-year-old child performs spirometry several times.Which of the following exhalation times would be consistent with usable data?

A) 0.5 second
B) 1.0 seconds
C) 2.0 seconds
D) 3.0 seconds

Question 25

A diffusing capacity measurement is completed on a 9-year-old child receiving chemotherapy.What should the technologist do next?

A) Report the highest result.
B) Correct the predicted value for Hb.
C) Correct the predicted value for COH.
D) Report the mean of three maneuvers.

Question 26

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas analysis is indicated in a pediatric patient to assess:

A) Anemia
B) VCD
C) Cardiac disorders
D) Asthma

Question 27

Which of the following is the most common pharmaceutical agent used for bronchoprovocation testing in pediatrics?

A) Histamine
B) Methacholine
C) Hypertonic saline
D) Adenosine