Deck 11: Pulmonary Function Test Equipment

Question 1

Which type of gas analyzer uses a vacuum pump to allow ionization of gas to take place?

A) Gas chromatograph
B) Emission spectroscopy
C) Infrared absorption
D) Thermal conductivity

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The polarographic electrode measures partial pressure of O₂ by:

A) Measuring the intensity of polarized light
B) Reducing O₂ molecules with a platinum cathode
C) Binding O₂ molecules to a ceramic disk
D) Detecting magnetic force lines generated by O₂ molecules

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following can cause a pulse oximeter to display an inaccurate saturation?

A) Total Hb greater than 17 g/dl
B) Total Hb less than 10 g/dl
C) Heart rate greater than 150/min
D) Low perfusion at the sensor site

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Pressure differential pneumotachometers are often heated to:

A) Correct results from ATPS to BTPS.
B) Ensure development of laminar flow in the flow sensor.
C) Prevent condensation of the resistive element.
D) Detect slight changes in gas flow.

Question 5

To measure volume using a flow-sensing spirometer,which of the following is necessary?

A) A low-resistance bacteria filter
B) An X-Y plotter or strip-chart recorder
C) Integration of flow versus time
D) A 3-L calibration syringe

Question 6

Which of the following devices can be used to measure Hb concentration?

A) Reflective spectrophotometer
B) Pulse oximeter
C) Transcutaneous PO₂ sensor
D) Spectrophotometric oximeter

Question 7

Pulse oximeters measure which of the following forms of Hb?

A) RHb,total Hb
B) RHb,O₂Hb
C) O₂Hb,COHb
D) COHb,MetHb

Question 8

A dry rolling-seal spirometer is checked by injecting 3-L volumes at different flows (high,medium,and low)with the following results: Which of the following explains these data?

A) An improperly functioning bacteria filter is in the circuit.
B) The rolling-seal is sticking or leaking.
C) The spirometer has not been calibrated.
D) The 3-L volume is being corrected to BTPS.

Question 9

Portable peak flowmeters for small children should be able to measure flows up to how many liters per minute?

A) 100 L/min
B) 400 L/min
C) 700 L/min
D) 850 L/min

Question 10

To interface a water-sealed spirometer to a computer,which of the following is required?

A) An X-Y plotter with analog input
B) A variable-speed kymograph
C) A small pneumotachometer
D) A linear potentiometer

Question 11

Which of the following can be used to analyze multiple gases simultaneously?

A) Gas chromatograph
B) Polarographic electrode
C) Zirconium fuel cell
D) Paramagnetic sensor

Question 12

Resistance to flow through one-way and two-way valves is mainly determined by:

A) Size of the valve leaflets
B) Dead space volume of the valve body
C) Number and types of pressure taps
D) Tubing connected to the valve

Question 13

To record a flow-volume loop with a volume displacement spirometer,which of the following is required?

A) Potentiometer
B) Kymograph
C) CO₂ absorber
D) He analyzer

Question 14

Which of the following types of gas analyzers can be used for breath-by-breath measurements of CO₂?

A) Infrared
B) Polarographic
C) Zirconium fuel cell
D) Thermal conductivity

Question 15

Integration is used to measure volume in which of the following types of spirometers?

A) Pressure differential pneumotachometer
B) Turbine spirometer
C) Dry rolling-seal spirometer
D) Wedge-bellows spirometer

Question 16

Which of the following can alter the calibration of a spirometer that uses a pressure-differential pneumotachometer?

A) Development of laminar flow in the pneumotachometer
B) Allowing a healthy adult subject to exhale maximally through it
C) Exhaustion of the water absorber (desiccant)
D) Water droplet condensation in the resistive element

Question 17

The flow-type plethysmograph differs from the constant volume (variable-pressure)plethysmograph in which of the following ways?

A) Forced expiratory maneuvers can be performed with the door closed.
B) Flow boxes must be rigorously air-tight.
C) Thoracic gas volume cannot be measured directly.
D) Airway resistance can be measured in small children.

Question 18

The PCO₂ electrode in a blood gas analyzer uses which of the following principles?

A) A pH electrode in a bicarbonate electrolyte
B) A platinum cathode in a phosphate buffer
C) Luminescence quenching
D) Optical absorption at two wavelengths

Question 19

The number of complete pulmonary function tests that can be permanently stored by a computer depends on:

A) Whether the computer uses PROMs or EPROMs
B) The amount of RAM available (in megabytes)
C) The presence of a built-in CD-ROM device
D) The capacity of the hard disk

Question 20

A bellows-type spirometer is calibrated using a 3-L syringe,and the following data are recorded: 2.56 L
2)57 L
2)54 L
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these results?

A) A worn potentiometer
B) Sticking bellows
C) Nonlaminar flow
D) An exhausted water absorber

Question 21

Pulse oximeters are capable of measuring which of the following forms of Hb?

A) O₂Hb,COHb
B) COHb,MetHb
C) RHb,total Hb
D) RHb,O₂Hb

Question 22

What analyzer uses a "chopper" to interrupt the signal in its design?

A) Polarographic
B) Zirconium fuel cell
C) Emission spectroscopy
D) Infrared

Question 23

After completing quality control on an exercise system,the technologist notes the measured gases are lower than expected.What action should the technologist take?

A) Replace the permeable tubing.
B) Replace the flow sensor.
C) Change the oxygen analyzer.
D) Change the infrared analyzer.

Question 24

PO₂ electrodes are often polished using a coarse material such as pumice to:

A) Remove blood or protein debris.
B) Remove metal ions plated out on the platinum wire.
C) Refresh the sensitive quartz glass membrane.
D) Reduce the actual amount of O₂ reaching the electrode tip.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a volume measuring spirometer?

A) Wedge
B) Rotating vanes
C) Hot wire anemometer
D) Pneumotachograph

Question 26

What is the name for a pressure differential flow sensor that uses one or more screens?

A) Fleisch
B) Silverman
C) Wright
D) Pitot

Question 27

On what law is the pressure-based body plethysmograph based?

A) Boyle's law
B) Charles' law
C) Ohm's law
D) Gay-Lussac's law

Question 28

Which of the following gas analyzers requires an electrode to be heated to 700° C?

A) Mass spectrometer
B) Zirconium fuel cell O₂ analyzer
C) Polarographic electrode
D) Thermal conductivity He analyzer

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a flow measuring spirometer?

A) Dry rolling seal
B) Water seal
C) Heated-wire anemometers
D) Wedge

Question 30

Which of the following can be used to measure methemoglobin?

A) Spectrophotometric oximeter
B) Pulse oximeter
C) Automated blood gas analyzer
D) Reflective spectrophotometer

Question 31

The purpose of the "chopper" device in conventional infrared analyzers is to:

A) Interrupt the flow of gas through the connective tubing.
B) Create a vacuum to allow gas to be ionized.
C) Alternate the radiation reaching the reference and detector cells.
D) Protect the infrared detector from excessive exposure.

Question 32

A flow-type plethysmograph measures changes in box volume by:

A) Measuring pressure changes at the mouth
B) Integrating flow through a sensor in the box wall
C) Allowing the patient to breathe through a pneumotachometer
D) Connecting a respirometer directly to the box

Question 33

The polarographic (Clark)electrode measures partial pressure of O₂ by:

A) Detecting the presence of polarized light
B) Measuring pH changes in an electrolyte exposed to O₂
C) Binding O₂ chemically to a heated wire
D) Reducing O₂ molecules with a platinum cathode

Question 34

Flow parameters are obtained from a volume-based spirometer by:

A) Multiplying by the STPD correction factor
B) Integrating flow by volume
C) Subtracting the BTPS correction factor
D) Measuring the volume displaced per second

Question 35

The technologist is performing lung volume measurements with a pressure plethysmograph and notices a drift in the tracing after the first maneuver.What should the technologist do next?

A) Instruct the subject to increase the pant frequency.
B) Allow a longer period of time for thermal equilibration.
C) Release the door seal to allow the subject to rest.
D) Demonstrate how to pant with larger breaths.

Question 36

The National Lung Health Education Program (NLHEP)requires that "office spirometers" measure FEV₁ and one other variable.What is this variable?

A) FEF_25%-75%
B) FVC
C) FEFmax (peak flow)
D) FEV₆

Question 37

What analyzer uses a Geissler tube,vacuum pump,and ion chamber?

A) Zirconium fuel cell
B) Emission spectroscopy
C) Infrared
D) Thermoconductivity

Question 38

Shivering affects the reading of a typical pulse oximeter by:

A) Making the heart rate display (if present)read too low
B) Causing a complete loss of signal (no saturation displayed)
C) Causing the saturation to be displayed as 100%
D) Forcing the saturation toward a value of 85%