Deck 5: Building Identity: Socialization

Question 1

An essential personal characteristic that includes our traits and membership in various social groups is referred to as

A)socialization
B)genes
C)nature
D)identity

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The education of funeral directors often involves a process called _____ in which students learn specific professional values,methods,and vocabulary.

A)resocialization
B)internalization
C)conformity
D)authorization

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Total institutions resocialize people so that they

A)develop an identity strongly rooted in group membership.
B)are able to be more socially flexible.
C)achieve self-actualization.
D)maintain strong ties with their previous lives.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The study of how gene expression or suppression is dictated by environmental influences is called

A)eugenics
B)envirogenics
C)endemics
D)epigenetics

Question 5

Research has consistently shown that boys are more likely to perform which of the following household chores?

A)washing dishes
B)taking out the garbage
C)babysitting younger siblings
D)cleaning the house

Question 6

In the collectivist culture of India,how is one's self-esteem determined?

A)through individual accomplishments
B)through personal achievement
C)by the reputation of one's family
D)by one's years of education

Question 7

In interviews with 200 working-class and 200 middle-class American parents who had at least one child,sociologist Melvin L.Kohn found that middle-class parents were more likely than working-class parents to promote which value?

A)obedience to authority
B)independence
C)conformity
D)neatness

Question 8

Which individual would be most likely to have sensitive role-taking skills?

A)the youngest girl in a family of eight children
B)the chief executive officer of a Fortune-500 company
C)the president of a healthcare organization
D)an American citizen

Question 9

Schools that require students to stand in line for the bus and raise their hands before speaking are ensuring which dimension of conformity?

A)moral
B)group
C)behavioral
D)intrinsic

Question 10

The ability to perceive,evaluate,and motivate oneself is a cornerstone of _____ behavior.

A)extroverted
B)reflexive
C)obedient
D)social

Question 11

The United States is an example of a(n)_____ culture.

A)collectivist
B)total
C)individualist
D)institutional

Question 12

Compared to girls,boys who violate gender norms experience _____ consequences.

A)harsher
B)realistic
C)predictable
D)insignificant

Question 13

Spencer Cahill found that the primary aim of mortuary science education programs involved

A)making the students comfortable with death.
B)keeping death at arms length until students are ready to cope with it.
C)helping students understand that each corpse has a history and personality.
D)teaching the students about the wonders of death.

Question 14

Through the process of ______,we learn the values and orientations of the statuses we will likely enter in the future.

A)anticipatory socialization
B)role recognition
C)the looking-glass self
D)the generalized other

Question 15

The first step in the acquisition of _____ involves distinguishing our own faces and body from the rest of the physical environment.

A)socialization
B)roles
C)gender
D)self

Question 16

According to George Herbert Mead,during the _____stage of development,a child learns to adhere to rules and adapt his behavior in order to achieve a goal.

A)game
B)internalization
C)reflexive
D)play

Question 17

The growing cultural emphasis on scientific technology has resulted in a resurgence of __________ explanations of human behavior.

A)empirical
B)genetic
C)social
D)environmental

Question 18

What is reflexive behavior?

A)our unique traits and attitudes that are present at birth
B)the innate,biological tendency to avoid dangerous situations
C)our capacity to bounce back from stressful environmental situations
D)the ability to plan,observe,guide,and respond to one's own behavior

Question 19

How are females portrayed in the popular video games Lollipop Chainsaw and Bayonetta?

A)provocatively sexual
B)gender neutral
C)socially inept
D)physically strong

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a total institution?

A)Schuylkill Correctional Facility
B)Pine Hill Elementary School
C)the Upton Family
D)Union College

Question 21

Perceiving,evaluating,motivating,and even talking to one's self is called

A)differentiation of self.
B)reflexive behavior.
C)the looking-glass self.
D)role taking.

Question 22

It is considered rude in Elbonian society to mention one's own accomplishments.For this reason,employers interview job candidates' former employers,teachers,and friends to find out what they can do.Elbonia is most likely a(n)_______ society.

A)individualist
B)collectivist
C)reflexive
D)generalized

Question 23

Which agent of socialization is considered the gatekeeper of political,economic,and social information?

A)education
B)religion
C)family
D)media

Question 24

A growing number of parents now advocate a gender-fluid approach to childrearing.Male children who are allowed to wear dresses or heels if they choose are referred to as

A)middle children.
B)gender neutrals.
C)pink boys.
D)trans kids.

Question 25

Children who watch a lot of television are more likely to hold

A)gender neutral attitudes.
B)stereotypical attitudes about gender.
C)ambiguous attitudes about gender.
D)egalitarian attitudes about gender.

Question 26

Kim is a 6-year-old girl who lives in Tennessee and enjoys competitive sports,wrestling with her brothers,and climbing trees.Which statement reflects how Kim is likely perceived by others in her community?

A)She elicits sympathy from others because she is often ridiculed and called names.
B)She is considered a tomboy who will likely outgrow this temporary stage.
C)She is accepted as the town's only transgender child.
D)She is excluded from school and town-sponsored events.

Question 27

Between 1990 and 2008,the number of _____ in the United States increased.

A)Presbyterians
B)United Methodists.
C)Episcopalians
D)Muslims

Question 28

In an individualist culture,personal identity is

A)less important than loyalty.
B)based on one's personal achievements.
C)linked to the reputation of one's family.
D)defined by one's group memberships.

Question 29

The looking-glass self is a concept originally developed by

A)George Herbert Mead.
B)Charles Horton Cooley.
C)Spencer Cahill.
D)Erving Goffman.

Question 30

In contemporary industrial societies,the most powerful institutional agent of socialization,after the family,is

A)religion.
B)education.
C)politics.
D)economics.

Question 31

The socialization of ethnoracial minority children often emphasizes_____ and _____.

A)their ethnoracial community;mainstream culture
B)hard work;self-acceptance
C)their assumed privileges;cultural identity
D)trusting law enforcement;questioning authority

Question 32

The play stage and the game stage are two important stages in the development of _____ability.

A)recreational
B)gender-sex
C)athletic
D)role taking

Question 33

According to one study,between 2007 and 2015,the percentage of Americans who identify as Christian

A)increased.
B)remained constant.
C)declined.
D)could not be determined as many people say they are "spiritual" but not religious.

Question 34

Research by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life found that _____ scored higher than_____ on a test of religious knowledge.

A)agnostics;Protestants and Catholics
B)Catholics and Protestants;atheists
C)Protestants;atheists
D)Episcopalians;agnostics

Question 35

The grouping of students into different curricular programs based on an assessment of their academic abilities is called

A)skipping.
B)tracking.
C)labeling.
D)standardizing.

Question 36

The concept of looking-glass self is based on the _____ perspective.

A)structural functional
B)symbolic interactionist
C)conflict
D)social control

Question 37

A person's biological maleness or femaleness is that person's

A)sex.
B)sexuality.
C)gender.
D)sexual orientation.

Question 38

Penitentiaries,convents,monasteries,and mental hospitals are examples of

A)primary socialization.
B)total institutions.
C)cathartic institutions.
D)role-dynamics.

Question 39

When does the gender socialization process begin?

A)the moment a child is born
B)once the child has developed a "self"
C)when a child first attends school
D)when a child begins to use language

Question 40

Controlled mating to ensure that "defective" genes are not passed on to future generations is known as

A)endogamy.
B)natural selection.
C)eugenics.
D)bioengineering.

Question 41

All societies view children as helpless individuals who need care and nurturing.

Question 42

Compared to girls,the consequences of gender "inconsistent" behavior are more severe for boys.

Question 43

In some U.S.states,people who do not believe in God are not eligible to hold public office.

Question 44

Those from the lower economic classes are more adept at identifying emotional expressions than those in the upper class.

Question 45

Big toy companies today are focused on promoting gender-neutral toys and games.

Question 46

Parents are often unaware of their own gender-related instruction when interacting with their children.

Question 47

Jacklin,a ten-year-old girl is often assigned household chores such as dusting the bookshelves,supervising her younger sister when her mother is busy,and folding laundry.Sociologists would sat Jacklin is

A)receiving anticipatory socialization.
B)being resocialized.
C)receiving totalizing socialization.
D)undergoing formal rites of passage.

Question 48

The majority of Americans believe in God or a higher power.

Question 49

As a child matures,the generalized other becomes more complex.

Question 50

Describe the process of resocialization you have been undergoing since your arrival at college.Compare and contrast your experience to that of a student in the U.S.Merchant Marine Academy.

Question 51

Contrary to popular belief,most U.S.teenagers do not have cell phones.

Question 52

Schools are teaching moral conformity when their teachers instruct students about fairness and honesty.

Question 53

In most societies,socialization is complete by age 21.

Question 54

A 2010 study found that there is a relationship between economic class and the ability to accurately identify the emotions of others.Which statement best describes one of the key findings?

A)People in the lower classes are better at identifying emotions.
B)People from the professional classes are better at identifying emotions.
C)People from the upper-middle class are better at identifying emotions.
D)People who are from the upper classes are better at identifying emotions.

Question 55

Ethnic socialization for an African American child would likely involve learning about prejudice discrimination.

Question 56

Socialization continues throughout the life course.

Question 57

Most teachers oppose academic "redshirting."

Question 58

A Pew study found that only a minority of Americans (33%)believe it is acceptable to display religious symbols on government property.

Question 59

Raj and Pooja,both retired professors,recently moved into a senior living community.Since they've been there,they've learned that dinners are served much earlier than what they're accustomed to,that most residents rise early to play golf or tennis in single-sex groups,and that they're expected to do the same,lest they appear both lazy and standoffish.A sociologist would say that Raj and Pooja are

A)undergoing primary socialization.
B)undergoing anticipatory socialization.
C)the victims of ageism
D)undergoing resocialization.

Question 60

America is the only industrialized country that does not mix politics and religion.

Question 61

Explain the steps in the acquisition of self.Provide examples of how this process is a social phenomenon.

Question 62

Compare and contrast the play stage and the game stage.How does each stage contribute to the development of role-taking ability?

Question 63

Identify three social institutions that act as agents of socialization.Give an example of how each of these teaches us how to think,feel,and act "appropriately."

Question 64

What does research tell us about social class differences in socialization? How would a structural functionalist view these differences? A conflict theorist?

Question 65

Contrast the socialization of minority group members with that of majority group members.What are the implications of this for majority group parents who adopt minority children?

Question 66

Describe how role taking is fundamental to both self-control and social control.

Question 67

Define academic redshirting.Who are the primary supporters of redshirting and what are their reasons?

Question 68

Choose one popular gendered toy that is available on the market today.Discuss the following: (1)the toy's history as a gendered toy; (2)the role of parents in maintaining the toy's popularity;and (3)the role of the toy manufacture in promoting the toys popularity.

Question 69

Define the following terms: sex and gender.Describe the role of parenting in creating gendered sons and daughters.