Question 1

How do humans often become infected with leptospirosis?&#10;A) Directly from animal urine&#10;B) Directly from animal feces&#10;C) Directly from animal blood&#10;D) Directly from animal saliva

Accepted Answer

Leptospirosis is most commonly transmitted to humans through direct contact with the urine of infected animals, particularly rats and other rodents, or through indirect contact with water or soil that has been contaminated with the urine of infected animals.

Question 2

If you are bitten by a dog, which of the following organisms is most likely to cause an infection at the site of the bite?&#10;A) Borrelia burgdorferi&#10;B) Bacillus anthracis&#10;C) Yersinia pestis&#10;D) Pasteurella multocida

Accepted Answer

Among the listed organisms, Pasteurella multocida is most commonly associated with infections from dog bites. It is estimated that up to 60% of all dog bite wounds become infected, with P. multocida being responsible for up to 50% of those infections. While the other organisms listed can cause infections, they are much less common in cases of dog bites.

Question 3

All of the following organisms cause cat-scratch disease in humans, except&#10;A) Bartonella henselae.&#10;B) Bartonella clarridgeiae.&#10;C) Borrelia burgdorferi.&#10;D) Bartonella vinsonii subsp. vinsonii.

Accepted Answer

Borrelia burgdorferi is the bacterial species that causes Lyme disease, not cat-scratch disease. The other three choices are all known to cause cat-scratch disease.

Question 4

What is the most common form of anthrax?&#10;A) Inhalation&#10;B) Cutaneous&#10;C) Gastrointestinal&#10;D) Septicemic

Accepted Answer

Cutaneous anthrax is the most common form of anthrax, accounting for approximately 95% of cases. It is contracted through contact with contaminated animal products or soil. The other forms, such as inhalation and gastrointestinal, are much more rare but can be much more severe and potentially fatal.

Question 5

Zoonotic infections that spread from animal to human, then cannot be transmitted directly to other humans, include all the following, except&#10;A) West Nile virus.&#10;B) Lyme disease.&#10;C) influenza.&#10;D) bubonic plague.

Accepted Answer

Influenza is a zoonotic infection that can pass from animals to humans, but once it infects a human, it can then be directly transmitted from human to human through respiratory droplets. In contrast, West Nile virus, Lyme disease, and bubonic plague are zoonotic infections that are typically spread through animal bites or contact with infected animals, but cannot be directly transmitted from human to human.

Question 6

Bacillus anthracis is a natural pathogen for what types of animals?&#10;A) Herbivores&#10;B) Carnivores&#10;C) Felines&#10;D) Voles

Accepted Answer

Bacillus anthracis is a natural pathogen for herbivores such as cattle, sheep, and goats.

Question 7

Patients who develop Weil's syndrome have all the following symptoms, except&#10;A) hemolysis.&#10;B) jaundice.&#10;C) congestive heart failure.&#10;D) renal failure.

Accepted Answer

Weil's syndrome is a severe form of leptospirosis, which is caused by the bacteria Leptospira. Symptoms of Weil's syndrome include fever, muscle aches, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash, jaundice, and renal failure. Hemolysis is not a typical symptom of Weil's syndrome but may occur in severe cases. Congestive heart failure is also not a typical symptom of Weil's syndrome.

Question 8

What is the classic symptom of bubonic plague?&#10;A) Painful swollen lymph nodes&#10;B) Febrile illness&#10;C) Rash on the trunk and limbs&#10;D) Septic shock

Accepted Answer

Painful swollen lymph nodes, also known as buboes, are a classic symptom of bubonic plague.

Question 9

In the first phase of leptospirosis, humans exhibit all the following symptoms, except&#10;A) sudden temperature spikes.&#10;B) hepatitis.&#10;C) vivid pink eyes.&#10;D) severe headaches.

Accepted Answer

In the first phase of leptospirosis, symptoms are flu-like and can include sudden temperature spikes, severe headaches, and conjunctival suffusion (which might be described as "vivid pink eyes"), but not hepatitis. Hepatitis, or liver inflammation, is more characteristic of the second phase of the disease, if it progresses to that stage.

Question 10

Zoonotic infections that spread from animal to human and then can be transmitted human to human, include all the following, except&#10;A) human immunodeficiency virus.&#10;B) tularemia.&#10;C) Ebola virus.&#10;D) severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Tularemia is primarily a disease of animals, especially rabbits and rodents, that can be transmitted to humans through various routes (e.g., bites, direct contact, ingestion, inhalation) but is not known to spread from human to human. The other diseases listed (HIV, Ebola virus, and SARS) can be transmitted from human to human after the initial zoonotic transmission.

Question 11

What is another name for brucellosis?&#10;A) Glanders&#10;B) Anthrax&#10;C) Lyme disease&#10;D) Undulant fever

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is another name for brucellosis?&#10;A) Glanders&#10;B)...

Question 12

What disease is known as the woolsorter's disease?&#10;A) Glanders&#10;B) Venezuelan equine encephalitis&#10;C) West Nile disease&#10;D) Anthrax

Accepted Answer

The answer of What disease is known as the woolsorter's...

Question 13

What is a zoonotic infection?&#10;A) An infection that can naturally spread from animals to humans&#10;B) An infection that occurs from being in close contact with humans, such as college dorms or military barracks&#10;C) An infection acquired at any health care facility, especially hospitals&#10;D) An infection acquired in the community

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a zoonotic infection?&#10;A) An infection...

Question 14

Even though this organism is part of the canine and feline normal oral biota, most infections occur in patients that have had a splenectomy, have cancer, or abuse drugs. What organism is this?&#10;A) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae&#10;B) Capnocytophaga canimorsus&#10;C) Yersinia pestis&#10;D) Borrelia burgdorferi

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even though this organism is part of...

Question 15

What finding is characteristic of early Lyme disease?&#10;A) Photosensitivity and headache&#10;B) Fever and septic arthritis&#10;C) Bull's-eye rash and flulike symptoms&#10;D) Petechiae and endocarditis

Accepted Answer

The answer of What finding is characteristic of early Lyme...

Question 16

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae normally infects all the following animals, except&#10;A) rodents.&#10;B) swine.&#10;C) poultry.&#10;D) fish.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae normally infects all the following...

Question 17

Bacillus anthracis produces all the following virulence factors, except&#10;A) lethal factor.&#10;B) lipopolysaccharide.&#10;C) glutamic acid.&#10;D) edema factor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacillus anthracis produces all the following virulence...

Question 18

All of the following symptoms are among common presentations in tularemia, except&#10;A) ulceroglandular&#10;B) oropharyngeal&#10;C) cholera-like&#10;D) typhoidal

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following symptoms are among...

Question 19

What are the natural hosts for the plague-causing organism, Yersinia pestis?&#10;A) Birds&#10;B) Deer&#10;C) Monkeys&#10;D) Rats

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the natural hosts for the...

Question 20

What disease is transmitted by Ixodes dammini?&#10;A) Plague&#10;B) Lyme disease&#10;C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever&#10;D) Colorado tick fever

Accepted Answer

The answer of What disease is transmitted by Ixodes dammini?&#10;A)...

Question 21

Rickettsial organisms, which cause disease in humans, are transmitted by which of the following methods?&#10;A) Arthropod vectors&#10;B) Aerosols&#10;C) Fomite contact&#10;D) Contact with body fluids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rickettsial organisms, which cause disease in humans,...

Question 22

Pathogens within the family Anaplasmataceae infect which cell type in humans?&#10;A) Lymphocytes&#10;B) Epithelial cells&#10;C) Erythrocytes&#10;D) Phagocytes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pathogens within the family Anaplasmataceae infect which...

Deck 40: Zoonotic Diseases