Question 1

In Pratkanis and Turner's article on Branch Rickey and Jackie Robinson, a key factor in increasing the success of integration is:&#10;A) conveying the inevitability of change.&#10;B) having different behavioral options.&#10;C) using minority people of superior ability.&#10;D) maintaining reasonable quotas.

Accepted Answer

Pratkanis and Turner argue that one key factor in the success of integration in baseball was Branch Rickey's ability to convey the inevitability of change. Rickey was able to persuade others that integration was not just the right thing to do, but that it was an inevitable part of the future of baseball. This helped to pave the way for Jackie Robinson and other minority players, and ultimately led to more widespread integration throughout professional sports.

Question 2

Which of the following tactics did Branch Rickey use to attempt greater acceptance of Jackie Robinson by baseball fans?&#10;A) depicted him as a good citizen to the press&#10;B) encouraged the media to talk about him as an individual rather than a member of group&#10;C) had the other players do things in public with him&#10;D) emphasized this expertise by mentioning his college education

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Which of the following, according to Pratkanis and Turner, is NOT one of the reasons why some people see affirmative action as being preferential towards black Americans?&#10;A) Some people think minorities are intellectually inferior.&#10;B) Some people feel affirmative action violates norms of procedural justice.&#10;C) Some people who feel relatively deprived may blame black Americans for their woes.&#10;D) Some people feel affirmative action gives black Americans a false sense of hope.

Accepted Answer

According to Pratkanis and Turner, one of the reasons why some people see affirmative action as being preferential towards black Americans is that they feel minorities are intellectually inferior, they feel affirmative action violates norms of procedural justice, and they may blame black Americans for their woes. However, giving black Americans a false sense of hope is not one of the reasons mentioned in their research.

Question 4

According to Pratkanis and Turner, the Pee Wee Reese Principle describes the phenomenon that:&#10;A) social expectations guide behavior.&#10;B) minorities will only be assimilated into society if they are challenged.&#10;C) discrimination has a reciprocal effect: people discriminated against become prejudiced against their discriminators.&#10;D) violating norms can change accepted biases.

Accepted Answer

The Pee Wee Reese Principle, named after a white baseball player who publicly supported his black teammate against discrimination, describes how violating norms and going against accepted biases can lead to a change in attitudes and behavior. This is supported by research on cognitive dissonance, which suggests that individuals tend to bring their attitudes in line with their actions in order to reduce the discomfort of holding conflicting beliefs.

Question 5

At the time that Branch Rickey attempted to racially integrate baseball, many people felt that blacks and whites would not be able to get along. However, social psychologists cite four factors that enhance positive intergroup relations. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?

A) The interaction should have the support of authorities.
B) Members of both groups need to be dependent on each other.
C) Members of the two groups should take turns being in leadership positions.
D) Members of the two groups should seek a common goal.

Accepted Answer

While it is important for members of both groups to have opportunities to take on leadership roles, this is not one of the four factors that social psychologists cite as enhancing positive intergroup relations. The other three factors are: the interaction should have the support of authorities, members of both groups need to be dependent on each other, and members of the two groups should seek a common goal.

Deck 31: A: Reading