Deck 9: A: Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

One of the least studied emotional expressions is ________.

A)hate
B)anger
C)love
D)fear

Answer 1

love

Question 2

Schacter-Singer's famous emotion experiment showed that:

A)physiological arousal came after emotional arousal.
B)a physiological aroused person will label his arousal as greater when people are duped or misled.
C)emotional arousal is greater when people are duped or misled.
D)emotions start in the cortex and are sent to one's internal organs.

Answer 2

a physiological aroused person will label his arousal as greater when people are duped or misled.

Question 3

The study of body language is termed _________.

A)kinematics
B)kinesthesia
C)kinesis
D)kinetics

Answer 3

kinesis

Question 4

Anger is a(n)_______.

A)primary reflex
B)emotion
C)motive
D)social drive

Question 5

If you want to get people to do something for you,the best time to try to persuade them is when they are __________.

A)unemotional
B)scared
C)happy
D)emotionally aroused

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an emotion?

A)anger
B)thirst
C)fear
D)lust

Question 7

General diffuse feeling states that are often long-lasting and of low intensity are called _______.

A)emotions
B)arousals
C)moods
D)motives

Question 8

Dr.Zhivago and Lara fell in love while working in a hospital in a war zone.It is possible that their passion was heightened by _________.

A)their lack of experience
B)boredom with the hospital routine
C)arousal caused by fear of attack
D)professional knowledge about human reproduction

Question 9

A careful examination of emotions can be traced back to ___________.

A)B.F.Skinnerian emotion
B)Charles Darwin
C)The Renaissance
D)World War I

Question 10

Which is NOT a typical physiological change during an emotional episode?

A)Less blood goes to the muscles,and more goes to the internal organs.
B)Saliva production in the mouth decreases.
C)The pupils of the eyes dilate.
D)The galvanic skin response occurs.

Question 11

Affective states accompanied by physiological changes that often influence behavior are called __________.

A)motives
B)drives
C)emotions
D)traits

Question 12

The statement,"If you expect something to make you feel bad,chances are it will" is reflective of which of the following theories of emotion?

A)somatic
B)Darwinian
C)appraisal
D)opponent-process

Question 13

The ability to experience love appears to be strongly influenced by one's ____________.

A)ability to fantasize
B)degree of attractiveness
C)past experience
D)sexual preference

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a physiological reaction to fear?

A)increase in heart rate
B)muscle tension
C)slow-down of digestive function
D)reduction of epinephrine in the bloodstream

Question 15

Emotion is to affect as appraisal is to __________.

A)mood
B)arousal
C)interpretation
D)sense

Question 16

In a conflict situation,the closer we get to the goal,the:

A)weaker the approach and avoidance forces become.
B)stronger the approach and avoidance forces become.
C)easier the conflict is to resolve.
D)less anxiety we feel.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about stress is TRUE?

A)It is an emotion.
B)Stress necessarily involves negative events.
C)Positive situations can lead to stress.
D)Stress arises only from threatening events.

Question 18

Which of the following labels does NOT represent one of the basic categories of emotion revealed in a study by Shaver et al.involving the sorting of emotion words?

A)horror
B)fear
C)anger
D)love

Question 19

Emotions vary from one another in:

A)quality.
B)intensity.
C)both of the above
D)none of the above

Question 20

John has never missed his sales quota,but believes that each quarter he must sell more than he did the previous quarter in order to keep his job.Accordingly,he is working 60 or more hours a week,and is not taking a vacation this year.John is likely experiencing burnout if he exhibits which of the following?

A)a high level of energy
B)a reduced sense of accomplishment
C)an increased sense of control over his life and earnings
D)increased interest in his job

Question 21

Emotional arousal and experience occur at the same time because of stimulation of the cerebral cortex,according to the _______ theory.

A)James-Lange
B)Cannon-Bard
C)Schacter-Singer
D)appraisal

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a physiological change associated with emotion?

A)adrenalin secretion
B)saliva secretion
C)increased perspiration
D)increased breathing

Question 23

Note the following sequence of events: Emotional stimulus-->thalamus-->simultaneous physiological arousal and emotional experience.The order of occurrences summarizes the _______ theory of emotion.

A)James-Lange
B)Cannon-Bard
C)Activation
D)Jukebox

Question 24

The _______ nervous system influences physiological effects associated with emotions.

A)apathetic
B)primal
C)empathic
D)sympathetic

Question 25

Emotional experience and arousal occur at the same time due to stimulation of the cerebral cortex,according to ________.

A)Schachter-Singer
B)James-Lange
C)Valins
D)Cannon-Bard

Question 26

The _______ theory of emotion placed the source of emotions in the thalamus.

A)James-Lange
B)Cannon-Bard
C)Activation
D)Jukebox

Question 27

Motivation refers to that which:

A)explains the physical make-up of an organism.
B)energizes the behavior of an organism.
C)directs the behavior of an organism.
D)both b and c

Question 28

Who proposed that the human expression of emotion is innate and has survival value?

A)William James
B)Stanley Schachter
C)Charles Darwin
D)Emmett Kelly

Question 29

Which theory of emotion includes activation of the thalamus?

A)James-Lange
B)Cannon-Bard
C)Schacter-Singer
D)appraisal

Question 30

According to the _______ theory,the thalamus plays a significant role in one's emotions.

A)James-Lange
B)Cannon-Bard
C)Schacter-Singer
D)cognitive

Question 31

The distance we place between ourselves and others is called __________.

A)kinesis
B)intimate space
C)personal space
D)interactive space

Question 32

According to the _______ theory,arousal of organs and the experience of emotion are simultaneous.

A)Schacter and Singer
B)Cannon-Bard
C)James-Lange
D)appraisal

Question 33

Researchers have concluded that the ________ is/are the most important part of the body in nonverbal communication.

A)hands
B)face
C)legs
D)torso

Question 34

An example of a primary motive is _______.

A)greed
B)thirst
C)wantonness
D)piety

Question 35

Which of the following researchers found that cats continued to show typical behavioral reactions of fear,anger,and pleasure after the sympathetic nervous system tract had been severed?

A)William James
B)Walter B.Cannon
C)Carl Lange
D)Charles Darwin

Question 36

According to Cannon-Bard,which of the following plays an important role in experiencing emotion?

A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)limbic system
D)sympathetic nervous system

Question 37

The emotions which are most easily recognized from facial expressions include happiness,anger,and _______.

A)love
B)disgust
C)fear
D)sadness

Question 38

Which of the following theorists laid the groundwork for the development of drive theories?

A)Clark Hull
B)William McDougall
C)Carl Rogers
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 39

When photographs of facial expressions conveying different emotions were shown to subjects in different countries,the subjects:

A)tended to agree on the emotional meaning of the different expressions.
B)rarely agreed on the emotional meaning of the different expressions.
C)agreed only on expressions of anger and fear.
D)none of the above

Question 40

The major shortcoming of the instinct concept is that:

A)instincts have never been shown to exist in any species.
B)the instinct concept is too complex an explanation of most motivated behavior.
C)asserting the existence of an instinct does not help us to understand the behavior in question.
D)it is too physiological in theoretical orientation.

Question 41

Bill hasn't eaten for four days and is very hungry.A friend offers to take him to lunch or to a new Arnold Schwartzennegger movie that she knows Bill wants to see.The drive theory of motivation would predict:

A)Bill is equally likely to select either option.
B)Bill will select the lunch.
C)Bill will select the movie.
D)Bill will not select either option.

Question 42

Social learning theorists would suggest which of the following to parents?

A)Monitor and control the television programs you allow your children to watch.
B)Let children watch violent television shows to release their hostility.
C)Allow children to behave violently in controlled settings to decrease their violence elsewhere.
D)Don't let children watch television.

Question 43

It is believed that the hypothalamus controls ________.

A)aggression
B)social learning abilities
C)long-term mechanisms of body weight
D)biological motives

Question 44

Greg cannot stand being cooped up in the house all day.He is happiest when he is outdoors engaging in some vigorous activity.His need for activity is a _________________.

A)primary drive
B)primary motive
C)stimulus drive
D)stimulus motive

Question 45

Social motives are:

A)not affected by primary motives.
B)common to all people.
C)derived from social interactions and learning.
D)essential for the survival of an organism.

Question 46

Which of the following best describes the instinct theory of motivation?

A)Tension is created within an organism when it has been deprived of something it needs,thus compelling it to satisfy its needs.
B)External cues elicit behavior from an organism.
C)Organisms have inborn patterns of behavior and innate desires to perform in a certain manner.
D)Organisms have desires to act in specific ways,but these behaviors can be modified by learning.

Question 47

________________ are largely innate motives that push us to investigate,and often change,the environment.

A)Primary drives
B)Stimulus motives
C)Secondary motives
D)Secondary drives

Question 48

Which of the following does NOT support drive-reduction theory?

A)getting some food when you are hungry
B)going to sleep when you are tired
C)getting something to drink when you are thirsty
D)going jogging when you are bored

Question 49

The concept that a person acts in a certain manner because of an innate predisposition to do so is based on the _______ theory.

A)aggression
B)drive
C)instinct
D)incentive

Question 50

An example of intrinsic motivation is reading a textbook because:

A)you want to earn an A on a test.
B)you want to avoid a D or F.
C)you enjoy reading it.
D)you are being paid to read it.

Question 51

Which of the following appears to strongly affect the affiliation motive?

A)hormones
B)learning and early experience
C)instinct
D)anxiety

Question 52

The concept that an organism is motivated to act because its body is in a state of need is based on the __________ theory.

A)incentive
B)affiliation
C)drive
D)instinct

Question 53

Which of the following is the most recent conclusion concerning the role of stomach contractions in signaling hunger? They:

A)have no influence.
B)play a minor role.
C)play a major role.
D)cannot be studied because of lack of technology.

Question 54

A need that energizes and directs behavior towards some goal is known as a _______.

A)cue
B)behavior
C)motive
D)stimulus

Question 55

______________________ center around our relationships with people.

A)Stimulus motives
B)Social motives
C)Aggression motives
D)Primary motives

Question 56

Stimulus motives _________________.

A)are set in motion by internal stimuli
B)deal with information about the environment in general
C)function to assure the bare survival of the organism
D)depend less on external stimuli than primary drives do

Question 57

Hugh has such powerful sexual needs that he engages in dangerously promiscuous behavior.In this case,Hugh's sexual needs are a(n)_______.

A)emotion
B)motive
C)stimulus
D)cue

Question 58

The concept of primary motives would explain our need for _______.

A)food
B)Gucci jeans
C)a water bed
D)companionship

Question 59

Two important elements of stimulus-seeking behavior are _________.

A)novelty and complexity
B)comfort and friendship
C)sex and aggression
D)rest and relaxation

Question 60

Instincts are thought to:

A)exist within the individual.
B)explain why people act differently in the same situation.
C)explain what an individual does but not why.
D)be caused by conditions outside the organism that push it into action.

Question 61

Investigators believe that the number of fat cells we have is determined partly by genetics and partly by our diet during:

A)the first two years of life.
B)adolescence.
C)the prenatal period.
D)the first five years of life.

Question 62

Primary motives are:

A)learned.
B)unlearned.
C)cognitive.
D)socially determined.

Question 63

A(n)_______ is an external stimulus that can motivate behavior even if no drive is initially present.

A)homeostatic mechanism
B)motor program
C)arousal mechanism
D)incentive

Question 64

An innate or inborn predisposition to act in a specific way is called a/an _______.

A)instinct
B)drive
C)incentive
D)need

Question 65

The concept of _______ replaced the concept of instinct in motivation theory.

A)purpose
B)optimal level of stimulation
C)drive reduction
D)homeostasis

Question 66

Homeostasis refers to:

A)realizing one's full potential.
B)a balanced state in the body's internal environment.
C)a state of optimum stimulation either above or below equilibrium.
D)the mechanism by which unconscious needs are satisfied.

Question 67

Sweet taste seems to play a role in ___________.

A)stimulating eating
B)cutting calories
C)weight gain
D)stomach contractions

Question 68

Clark Hull's drive-reduction perspective was based on which of the following principles?

A)homeostasis
B)instinct
C)psychic energy
D)genetics

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT true about hunger?

A)It is a physiological motive.
B)It is a drive-reduction motive.
C)It is a social motive.
D)It is a motive common to most people.

Question 70

A group of people is watching a movie in which an attractive man and woman are shown getting undressed.Which of the following is most likely to become MOST aroused?

A)a healthy young man
B)a healthy young woman
C)an adolescent of either sex
D)a healthy adult of either sex

Question 71

Thirst,sex,and hunger are examples of _______ drives.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)internalized
D)externalized

Question 72

The observation that people often seek stimulation and that not all motives are aroused by internal states contradicts the _______ theory of motivation.

A)incentive
B)drive-reduction
C)Gestalt
D)cognitive

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a social motive?

A)affiliation
B)aggression
C)need for rest
D)achievement

Question 74

A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst.This psychologist's philosophy most closely matches _______ theory.

A)threshold
B)trait
C)homeostatic
D)drive reduction

Question 75

The basis of drive theory is the principle of ________.

A)reinforcement
B)achievement
C)homeostasis
D)homeopathy

Question 76

According to set-point theory,the size of fat cells is determined by:

A)heredity.
B)eating habits during adolescence and adulthood.
C)diet during the first two years of life.
D)the mother's diet before birth of the child.

Question 77

Drives that are unlearned are called _______________.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)reflexive
D)learned

Question 78

Considering external cues in obesity,which of the following statements is true?

A)Obese subjects ate more than thin subjects if the food tasted good.
B)Thin subjects increase food intake if the food is attractive.
C)Thin subjects increase food intake if the food is easily available.
D)Obese people will eat more than normal-weight people if the food is difficult to obtain.

Question 79

When you get too warm,you begin to perspire.This is an example of:

A)a drive.
B)homeostasis.
C)a need.
D)adjustment.

Question 80

The process by which the body maintains a balance or equilibrium in its internal environment is called ______.

A)neoteny
B)autoregulation
C)homeostasis
D)hypothalamus