Deck 1: A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

Question 1

Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of __________.

A)its extensive use of laboratory research to support its claims
B)the emphasis it placed on Eastern philosophies and culture
C)the emphasis it placed on unconscious processes
D)its emphasis on environmental learning as the source for most personality characteristics

Answer 1

its extensive use of laboratory research to support its claims

Question 2

Psychologists use techniques based on ___________.

A)cultural ethnocentrism
B)objective introspection
C)philosophical logic
D)the scientific method

Answer 2

cultural ethnocentrism

Question 3

Modern psychology is said to have begun when:

A)Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people.
B)Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.
C)Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

Answer 3

Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.

Question 4

A psychologist bases his/her theories completely on measuring observable behaviors.This psychologist is probably a __________.

A)humanist
B)behaviorist
C)structuralist
D)functionalist

Question 5

Titchener was a member of the ___________ school of thought.

A)structuralists
B)functionalist
C)behaviorist
D)reductionist

Question 6

Freud believed that many unconscious desires are:

A)the result of excessive punishment.
B)by-products of introspection.
C)the result of excessive reinforcement.
D)sexual in nature.

Question 7

The psychological school that asks,"What are mental processes for?" rather than "What are mental processes?" is which of the following?

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)humanism
D)Gestalt

Question 8

The school of thought that became known as behaviorism was founded by

A)Watson
B)Titchener
C)James
D)Wundt

Question 9

Psychology:

A)has an applied side.
B)is a science of behavior.
C)has goals of describing,predicting,and explaining events.
D)all of the above

Question 10

Watson is to behaviorism as _______ is to psychoanalysis.

A)Freud
B)James
C)Skinner
D)Wundt

Question 11

Structuralism emphasizes __________.

A)individual differences
B)the application of biological principles to the mind
C)the influence of subconscious urges on conscious behavior
D)the basic units of experience and their combinations

Question 12

By general agreement,psychology was born in __________.

A)1642
B)1853
C)1879
D)1906

Question 13

Like Watson,Skinner believed that psychology should study only __________.

A)mental processes
B)perceptions
C)elements of thought
D)observable behavior

Question 14

As a science,psychology is approximately how old?

A)50 years
B)100 years
C)150 years
D)2500 years since the field dates back to the ancient Greeks

Question 15

The first psychology laboratory was founded by __________.

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Titchener
D)Watson

Question 16

In the late 20th century,psychology __________.

A)expanded dramatically
B)stagnated
C)contracted slightly
D)contracted dramatically

Question 17

B.F.Skinner is associated with __________.

A)psychodynamic psychology
B)behaviorism
C)Gestalt psychology
D)existentialism

Question 18

Freud was the founder of __________.

A)existential psychology
B)behavioral psychology
C)psychoanalysis
D)behaviorism

Question 19

The first psychology laboratory was opened by

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Titchener
D)Watson

Question 20

John Watson was the founder of the school of thought that became known as __________.

A)functionalism
B)structuralism
C)behaviorism
D)humanism

Question 21

Which of the following does NOT fit with the other three?

A)Wundt
B)1879
C)functionalism
D)introspection

Question 22

The psychologist John Watson is associated with the _______ school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with ________.

A)behavioral; behavior
B)behavioral; mental processes
C)cognitive; thought and action
D)cognitive; behavior

Question 23

Scientific psychology is formally recognized to have begun:

A)in Greece,with the work of Hippocrates.
B)in the United States,with the work of James.
C)in Austria,with the work of Freud.
D)in Germany,with the work of Wundt.

Question 24

The psychologist John Watson is associated with the _______ school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with _______.

A)behavioral; behavior
B)behavioral; mental processes
C)cognitive; thought and action
D)cognitive; behavior

Question 25

B.F.Skinner is most closely associated with which school of psychology?

A)cognitive
B)humanistic
C)functionalism
D)behaviorism

Question 26

For Freud,much of our behavior is controlled by __________.

A)unconscious desires
B)environmental stimuli
C)mental Gestalts
D)mental associations

Question 27

The first psychology laboratory was opened by _________.

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Titchener
D)Watson

Question 28

The school of thought that became known as behaviorism was founded by __________.

A)Watson
B)Titchener
C)James
D)Wundt

Question 29

Watson felt that psychologists should study __________.

A)consciousness
B)observable behavior
C)mental imagery
D)elements of thought

Question 30

Studying the elements of sensations,feelings,and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology?

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)behaviorism
D)humanism

Question 31

The founder of behaviorism is:

A)James.
B)Skinner.
C)Watson.
D)Wundt.

Question 32

Skinner is associated with __________.

A)structuralism
B)behaviorism
C)Gestalt psychology
D)existentialism

Question 33

Psychologists should only study observable behavior,according to __________.

A)Freud
B)Titchener
C)Galton
D)Watson

Question 34

Psychology is said to have begun when

A)medicine was seen to be ineffective in treating neurosis.
B)Wilhelm Wundt started the first psychological laboratory and I am testing the roll-over to the next line feature.
C)Sigmund Freud opened his private practice in Vienna and I am testing the roll-over to the next line feature.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis and I am testing the roll-over to the next line feature.

Question 35

Wundt is to structuralism as _______ is to psychoanalysis.

A)Freud
B)Watson
C)Rogers
D)Maslow

Question 36

The primary method of investigation used by structuralists was:

A)natural observation.
B)dream interpretation.
C)analytic introspection.
D)experimentation.

Question 37

John Watson was a behaviorist who argued that the science of psychology must concern itself only with

A)experiences as whole units.
B)observable events.
C)unconscious mental processes.
D)early childhood experiences.

Question 38

Behaviorist J.B.Watson objected to early theories of psychology because of their focus on:

A)evolution.
B)science.
C)mental processes.
D)physical processes.

Question 39

B.F.Skinner is most closely associated with which school of psychology?

A)cognitive
B)humanistic
C)functionalism
D)behaviorism