Deck 3: Biological Psychology

Question 1

Unlike ________,________ are usually very thin at their site of origin near the cell body,because this narrowness creates a trigger zone-a site that's easy to activate.

A)cell bodies; dendrites
B)dendrites; axons
C)axons; axon terminals
D)axons; dendrites

Answer 1

dendrites; axons

Question 2

The brain communicates with other parts of the body via

A)glial cells.
B)neurons.
C)nodes of Ranvier.
D)reuptake.

Answer 2

neurons.

Question 3

A(n)__________ is a gap in the myelin sheath,which helps the conduction of nerve impulses.

A)axon
B)node
C)synapse
D)dendrite

Answer 3

node

Question 4

What entity in the brain serves the same function as water on a water slide?

A)Glial cells
B)Cerebrospinal fluid
C)Myelin sheath
D)Synaptic vesicles

Question 5

All neurons contain

A)dendrites,an axon,and a myelin sheath.
B)dendrites,an axon,and nodes of Ranvier.
C)dendrites,a cell body,and an axon.
D)a cell body,a myelin sheath,and an axon.

Question 6

The ________ speeds up the passage of electrical messages by acting as an insulator of the neuronal signal.

A)blood-brain barrier
B)axon terminal
C)myelin sheath
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

__________ are the cells in the nervous system that receive,integrate,and transmit information.

A)Synapse cells
B)Neurons
C)Glial cells
D)Terminal cells

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true about neurotransmitters?

A)Neurotransmitters can bind to any receptor site.
B)Neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites that are specific to that type of neurotransmitter.
C)Neurotransmitters may be broken down chemically to halt neurotransmission.
D)Neurotransmission may be halted by reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal.

Question 9

The ________ receive information from other neurons and have long extensions.

A)dendrites
B)axons
C)synaptic knobs
D)axon terminals

Question 10

Professor Hines is extremely interested in the relationship between the neurotransmitter dopamine and Parkinson disease.What type of psychologist is Professor Hines?

A)Biological psychologist
B)Chemical psychologist
C)Biosystems psychologist
D)Genetic psychologist

Question 11

The portion of the neuron that receives signals is the

A)neurotransmitter.
B)axon.
C)dendrite.
D)synaptic vesicle.

Question 12

The portion of a neuron that sends signals is the

A)axon.
B)dendrite.
C)neurotransmitter.
D)synaptic vesicle.

Question 13

The space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically is called a

A)synapse.
B)myelin sheath.
C)receptor site.
D)glial cell.

Question 14

The ________ is the central region of the neuron that manufactures new cell components.

A)neuronal membrane
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)cell body

Question 15

The __________ is a fatty coat that insulates the axons of some nerve cells,speeding transmission of impulses.

A)glial tissue
B)myelin sheath
C)axon terminal
D)node

Question 16

Neurotransmitters are found in the

A)mitochondria.
B)cell body.
C)synaptic vesicles.
D)dendrites.

Question 17

A(n)________ is a physical gap between the sending and receiving neurons.

A)axon terminal
B)synapse
C)neuronal membrane
D)synaptic vesicle

Question 18

Glial cells

A)protect neurons.
B)form the blood-brain barrier.
C)promote neuronal healing.
D)do all of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?

A)Soma
B)Axon
C)Dendrite
D)Neurotransmitter

Question 20

The location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter is called a(n)

A)receptor site.
B)action potential.
C)threshold.
D)reuptake site.

Question 21

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system that plays a role in the relay of sensory information and learning is

A)glutamate.
B)gamma-aminobutyric acid.
C)acetylcholine.
D)serotonin.

Question 22

Mobombi had completed about a quarter of the distance in the marathon in which he was a participant.Suddenly,he stumbled and fell.Despite feeling a sharp pain initially,he got up and continued to run until he completed the race.Upon crossing the finish line he fell down writhing in pain.When checked out,it was discovered that Mobombi had broken his leg.He was able to run the remainder of the marathon relatively pain free due to the release of

A)neuropeptides.
B)amino acids.
C)monoamines.
D)endorphins.

Question 23

When a neuron is at its resting potential,it has

A)a negative charge.
B)a neutral charge.
C)a positive charge.
D)none of the above.

Question 24

Stan is a firefighter.His fellow firefighters were amazed that despite a broken arm,he was able to drag the last person from the fire.What chemicals were likely activated that allowed such heroics?

A)Endorphins
B)Dopamine
C)Acetylcholine
D)Glutamate

Question 25

A neuron that is not receiving any input is said to be at its

A)resting potential.
B)absolute refractory period.
C)action potential.
D)resolution mode.

Question 26

Neurons in virtually every brain area use these neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons.They are

A)glutamate and GABA.
B)GABA and acetylcholine.
C)glutamate and serotonin.
D)dopamine and serotonin.

Question 27

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system is

A)glutamate.
B)gamma-aminobutyric acid.
C)acetylcholine.
D)serotonin.

Question 28

Jeff is in the middle of a hurricane.As the water approaches his house,he begins to stack sandbags,hoping to stem the flow of water.What drugs in the brain perform the same action as the sandbags?

A)Anandamide
B)Glutamate
C)Agonists
D)Antagonists

Question 29

Isabella is putting mustard on her hot dog.She realizes she has put too much and sucks up some of it back into the squeeze bottle.This process is similar to

A)the action potential.
B)receptor site bindings.
C)binding specificity.
D)reuptake.

Question 30

Which of the following specializes in pain reduction?

A)Norepinephrine
B)Glutamate
C)Endorphins
D)Dopamine

Question 31

The most common neurotransmitters in the brain are

A)acetylcholine derivatives.
B)monoamine neurotransmitters.
C)glutamate and GABA.
D)endorphins.

Question 32

If a neuron reaches a level called the __________,an action potential occurs.

A)ion exchange
B)resting potential
C)absolute refractory period
D)threshold

Question 33

Evan is a high-level official who works at the Pentagon.He must undergo a retinal scan to enter his office.No one but Evan is allowed in.What is the analogous feature in the central nervous system?

A)Dendrites
B)Receptor sites
C)Synapses
D)Neurotransmitters

Question 34

What is the name given to the type of chemical that performs the same function as pouring water on a fire?

A)Agonists
B)Antagonists
C)Neuropeptides
D)Antidepressants

Question 35

Steven is a cheerleader for the football team; his job is to excite the fans.What is the name for drugs that perform the same function in the brain?

A)GABA
B)Antagonists
C)Agonists
D)Neuropeptides

Question 36

Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood,aggression,sleep,and temperature regulation?

A)GABA
B)Serotonin
C)Endorphins
D)Anandamide

Question 37

Reuptake is

A)the space between two connecting neurons.
B)a location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter.
C)a means of recycling neurotransmitters.
D)when the neuron resets its action potential by drawing up sodium ions.

Question 38

Drugs that decrease a neuron's receptor site activity are called

A)agonists.
B)antagonists.
C)excitatory.
D)reuptake blockers.

Question 39

Norm suffers from an anxiety disorder.Which neurotransmitter may not be doing its job?

A)Dopamine
B)Serotonin
C)GABA
D)Glutamate

Question 40

__________ is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.

A)GABA
B)Glutamate
C)Dopamine
D)Serotonin

Question 41

The cerebral cortex is divided into __________ cerebral hemispheres.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six

Question 42

The brain and spinal cord make up the

A)central nervous system.
B)autonomic nervous system.
C)peripheral nervous system.
D)somatic nervous system.

Question 43

________ is the creation of new cells in the adult brain.

A)Neurogenesis
B)Neural plasticity
C)Long-term potentiation
D)Synaptogenesis

Question 44

In most people's brains,a deep groove called the __________ separates the frontal lobe from the rest of the cortex.

A)Broca's area
B)fissure of Rolando
C)central gyrus
D)central sulcus

Question 45

The __________ consists of nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system (CNS).

A)peripheral nervous system
B)limbic system
C)corpus callosum
D)forebrain

Question 46

The brain and spinal cord are part of the

A)peripheral nervous system.
B)autonomic nervous system.
C)central nervous system.
D)somatic nervous system.

Question 47

If a person were to damage the speech center in the brain,the ideal age for this to happen would be

A)2.
B)14.
C)33.
D)61.

Question 48

Tom is using a new accounting program to do his taxes.He enters all the relevant data into the program,and the program tells him what to do next.The tax program is analogous to the __________ nervous system.

A)peripheral
B)central
C)somatic
D)autonomic

Question 49

Jerry and Deanna are arguing about where to go for dinner.Jerry tells Deanna that she can never make a decision.What part of the brain would a neuroscientist say Deanna is failing to activate?

A)Parietal lobe
B)Temporal lobe
C)Frontal lobe
D)Occipital lobe

Question 50

The creation of new cells in the adult brain is called

A)plasticity.
B)cellular mitosis.
C)neurogenesis.
D)generativity.

Question 51

What structure in the brain would be analogous to the processor in a computer?

A)Parietal lobe
B)Occipital lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Frontal lobe

Question 52

Owantu let out an ear-piercing scream when he became frightened.He was unable to stimulate those neurons for a brief time after their firing because of the

A)resting potential.
B)potential difference.
C)absolute refractory period.
D)relative refractory period.

Question 53

After firing an action potential,a neuron experiences a(n)__________ ,a brief time during which another action potential can't occur.

A)resting potential
B)resolution phase
C)absolute refractory period
D)threshold

Question 54

The __________ connects the cerebral hemispheres.

A)prefrontal cortex
B)temporal lobe
C)Wernicke's area
D)corpus callosum

Question 55

The largest component of the forebrain is the

A)cerebral cortex.
B)corpus callosum.
C)motor cortex.
D)Broca's area.

Question 56

Your car battery isn't dead,but it does not have enough power to start your car.After hooking up the jumper cables to your dad's car,you touch the posts on your own battery.The boost delivered is analagous to a(n)

A)resting potential.
B)action potential.
C)myelin sheath.
D)refractory period.

Question 57

The most highly developed area in the human brain is the

A)motor cortex.
B)forebrain.
C)temporal lobe.
D)parietal lobe.

Question 58

The nervous system's ability to change is referred to as

A)malleability.
B)plasticity.
C)fluidity.
D)hardiness.

Question 59

The time it would take to reload a single-shot gun could be compared to a neuron's

A)threshold.
B)absolute refractory period.
C)reuptake.
D)potential difference.

Question 60

Who might benefit the most from neurogenesis?

A)A person with sickle-cell anemia
B)A person with Alzheimer's disease
C)A person with Parkinson disease
D)Both B and C are correct.

Question 61

Calypso is a witch doctor.As she sticks a pin into her voodoo doll,Jack begins to twitch uncontrollably.To which structure in the brain does it appear she has direct access?

A)Motor cortex
B)Muscle cortex
C)Somatosensory cortex
D)Association cortex

Question 62

You are a psychologist interested in recovering repressed memories.Which lobe of the brain might you show the most interest in?

A)Parietal
B)Temporal
C)Occipital
D)Frontal

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT processed by the somatosensory cortex?

A)Pain
B)Temperature
C)Fear
D)Pressure

Question 64

Broca's area is located in the

A)prefrontal cortex.
B)parietal lobe.
C)motor cortex.
D)temporal lobe.

Question 65

Parkinson disease is a disorder of movement,in which cells degenerate in the

A)corpus callosum.
B)basal ganglia.
C)reticular formation.
D)cerebellum.

Question 66

Ari is a very nervous child.He jumps at random sounds and becomes scared and excited at almost any new stimulus.Ari's _________ is probably in overdrive.

A)thalamus
B)basal ganglia
C)occipital lobe
D)amygdala

Question 67

The amygdala plays key roles in

A)visual interpretation.
B)controlling movement.
C)fear,excitement,and arousal.
D)speech production.

Question 68

Which lobe is most activated as a spider crawls slowly up your leg?

A)Temporal
B)Frontal
C)Parietal
D)Occipital

Question 69

Phineas Gage tragically had a tamping iron propelled through his head.Both left and right sides of the prefrontal cortex were severely damaged.As a result of the accident,Phineas Gage

A)died from his injuries.
B)suffered loss of movement in his arms and legs.
C)lost his sense of hearing.
D)suffered a change in personality.

Question 70

The upper middle part of the cerebral cortex that specializes in touch and perception is called

A)the motor cortex.
B)the parietal lobe.
C)the temporal lobe.
D)Wernicke's area.

Question 71

Which of the following lobes is probably (hopefully)most activated as you take this test?

A)Parietal
B)Frontal
C)Temporal
D)Occipital

Question 72

The parts of the brain dedicated to emotion are contained in the

A)occipital lobe.
B)hypothalamus.
C)limbic system.
D)thalamus.

Question 73

Who is most likely suffering damage to the temporal lobe?

A)Sally,who can't say the word "textbook"
B)Ben,who can't feel the bug crawling down his back
C)Scott,who can only read books in large print
D)Clark,who can't understand his professor's lecture

Question 74

The part of the frontal lobe responsible for thinking,planning,and language is the

A)motor cortex.
B)prefrontal cortex.
C)cingulate cortex.
D)basal ganglia.

Question 75

The parts of the brain dedicated to emotion are located within the

A)endocrine system.
B)limbic system.
C)association cortex.
D)primary sensory cortex.

Question 76

Ito was driving through a rough part of town late at night when a stray bullet hit the front side of his head.Both the left and right sides of his prefrontal cortex were severely damaged.As a result of the accident,Ito most likely

A)can no longer process visual information.
B)suffered loss of movement in his arms and legs.
C)lost his sense of hearing.
D)suffered a change in personality.

Question 77

Whose basal ganglia is likely to be LEAST active?

A)John,who received a participation trophy
B)Ame,who is about to eat a piece of cake
C)Lucas,who just won first place in the race
D)Ulie,whose girlfriend is on her way over

Question 78

The structures in the forebrain that help control movement are called

A)amygdala.
B)thalamus.
C)basal ganglia.
D)cingulum.

Question 79

If Broca's area of your prefrontal cortex was damaged,you would most likely have trouble

A)interpreting auditory stimuli.
B)using your sense of touch.
C)controlling speech production.
D)regulating body temperature.

Question 80

As José walks to his car late at night,he hears footsteps behind him.Feeling afraid,Jose grips his keys and quickens his pace.It is likely that Jose's ________ has been activated

A)hypothalamus
B)hippocampus
C)amygdala
D)cerebellum