Deck 9: Energy Metabolism

Question 1

When a compound is oxidized it ______ one or more electrons.

A)loses
B)gains
C)transforms
D)creates

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)________.

A)transports oxygen in various metabolic pathways
B)picks up and delivers hydrogens to acceptor molecules
C)is another form of ATP
D)is a form of lactic acid

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Red blood cells undergo anaerobic metabolism,which means that they produce ________.

A)plasma
B)iron
C)lactate
D)clots

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA ________.

A)requires the addition of CO₂
B)occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and is irreversible
C)occurs in the nucleus of the cell
D)is needed for red blood cell production

Question 5

Glycolysis is a process involving ________.

A)synthesis of fatty acids
B)reactions that convert glucose to glycogen
C)reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate
D)reactions that convert glycogen to protein

Question 6

All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as ________.

A)anabolism
B)catabolism
C)homeostasis
D)metabolism

Question 7

Glycolysis begins with _________ and ends with __________.

A)pyruvate; water
B)pyruvate; glucose
C)glucose; pyruvate
D)pyruvate; acetyl-CoA

Question 8

In metabolism,glucose is degraded to CO₂ and water.The carbon dioxide is produced in ________.

A)the red blood cells
B)the citric acid cycle
C)glycolysis
D)the electron transport chain

Question 9

Flavin adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme form of the vitamin ________.

A)pantothenic acid
B)niacin
C)thiamin
D)riboflavin

Question 10

How many molecules of lactate are produced from one molecule of glucose?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 11

The citric acid cycle is also known as the ________.

A)urea cycle
B)Krebs cycle
C)menstrual cycle
D)aerobic pathway

Question 12

All the energy available to humans has its origins in ________.

A)carbon dioxide and water
B)the oxygen we breathe
C)foods and beverages
D)the sun's solar energy

Question 13

Oxidation-reduction reactions in the body are controlled by ________.

A)light and dark cycles
B)enzymes
C)fluid balance
D)protein consumption

Question 14

When a compound is reduced it _____ one or more electrons.

A)loses
B)gains
C)transforms
D)creates

Question 15

If oxygen is present,metabolism is considered to be ________.

A)active
B)anaerobic
C)aerobic
D)inactive

Question 16

Under anaerobic conditions,how many net ATP are synthesized from one glucose molecule?

A)1 ATP
B)2 ATP
C)4 ATP
D)2 GTP
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 17

In the absence of oxygen,______ respiration will occur.

A)active
B)anaerobic
C)aerobic
D)inactive

Question 18

Photosynthesis occurs in plants and uses energy from the sun to ________.

A)produce organic compounds from carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen
B)produce energy-yielding compounds
C)heat the environment
D)make plants turn yellow

Question 19

The energy currency the body uses is ________.

A)NAD
B)FAD
C)TCA
D)ATP

Question 20

When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions,the production of ______ is important because it ensures a continuous supply of NAD⁺.

A)glucose-6-phosphate
B)pyruvate
C)lactate
D)glycogen

Question 21

Which of the following pathways is the major way in which alcohol is metabolized?

A)pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway
B)ethanol dehydrogenase pathway
C)lactate dehydrogenase pathway
D)alcohol dehydrogenase pathway

Question 22

Amino acids that become acetyl-CoA as a result of deamination are designated ketogenic amino acids because ________.

A)they can become parts of the glucose molecule
B)they cannot become part of the glucose molecule
C)they interfere with metabolism of fatty acids
D)all amino acids are interchangeable through the citric acid cycle

Question 23

Where does alcohol metabolism predominantly occur in the body?

A)intestines
B)liver
C)kidney
D)lungs

Question 24

In which compartment of the cell does the Krebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation take place?

A)cell membrane
B)mitochondria
C)nucleus
D)cytosol

Question 25

In most cases the starting material for gluconeogenesis is ________.

A)oxaloacetate
B)phosphoenolpyruvate
C)carnitine
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 26

The synthesis of fatty acids occurs in the _________ of the cell and the breakdown of fatty acids occurs in the _______ of the cell.

A)mitochondria; cytosol
B)nucleus; cytosol
C)cytosol; mitochondria
D)cytosol; lysosome

Question 27

Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby the body ________.

A)converts glucose to its storage form
B)retrieves stored glucose from the liver
C)lowers the glucose level of the blood
D)produces glucose from amino acid and glycerol molecules

Question 28

After a person has fasted for about a week,the brain adapts to using _______ for some of its fuel needs.

A)glycerol
B)ketones
C)fatty acids
D)amino acids

Question 29

Ketosis increases with ________.

A)fasting
B)a low-carbohydrate diet
C)uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 30

When there is excess glucose and amino acids in the liver,and no more ATP needs to be synthesized,these energy-rich nutrients are converted to ________.

A)triglycerides
B)pyruvate
C)NAD⁺
D)FAD

Question 31

When the carbon skeleton of an amino acid is oxidized for energy,the amino group is removed and sent to the liver to produce ________.

A)ammonia
B)protein
C)urea
D)albumin

Question 32

Ketones are produced from ________.

A)cholesterol
B)hormones
C)amino acids
D)acetyl-CoA

Question 33

During the end reaction of the electron transport chain,oxygen becomes ________.

A)reduced to water (H₂O)
B)oxidized to carbon dioxide
C)NADH
D)FADH₂

Question 34

The common pathway for the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids is ________.

A)glycolysis
B)the Cori cycle
C)the citric acid cycle
D)ketosis

Question 35

Before protein becomes an energy source,the _________ must be removed from the molecule.

A)COOH
B)CH₃
C)NH₂
D)CO₂

Question 36

Cytochromes ________.

A)are produced by photosynthesis
B)transport electrons in the electron transport chain
C)appear in the citric acid cycle
D)are responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Question 37

Carnitine ________.

A)is a dietary essential,especially for athletes
B)shuttles NADH across the mitochondrial membrane
C)shuttles oxaloacetate from the mitochondria to the cytosol
D)shuttles fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria

Question 38

In fatty acid synthesis,the "starting" molecule is ________.

A)glycerol
B)acetyl-CoA
C)ATP
D)pyruvate

Question 39

Amino acids (or parts of their carbon skeletons)that can be converted to pyruvate or enter the citric acid cycle directly are called ________.

A)glucogenic amino acids
B)ketogenic amino acids
C)essential amino acids
D)non-essential amino acids

Question 40

The major end products of the electron transport chain are ________.rev: 09_12_2015_QC_CS-25117

A)water and ATP
B)glucose and amino acids
C)dietary fiber and ammonia
D)carbon,nitrogen,and hydrogen

Question 41

Gluconeogenesis takes place in both the cytosol and the mitochondria.

Question 42

The kidney is the major organ that regulates metabolism.

Question 43

After a period of prolonged fasting (starving),the brain changes its fuel requirements ________.

A)and uses amino acids directly
B)and starts to use glycerol as the primary source of energy
C)and starts to use ketones and spares protein
D)and glycogen becomes the primary source of energy

Question 44

Electron transport is the process by which ________.

A)fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA
B)glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate
C)amino groups move from a donor to an acceptor
D)NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ are converted to NAD⁺ and FAD,donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen
E)energy derived from NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ is used to generate ATP

Question 45

In the metabolism of amino acids for energy,the amine group is ________.

A)stored in the liver
B)converted to glucose
C)excreted as urea
D)burned for energy

Question 46

Beta-oxidation is the process by which ________.

A)fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA
B)glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate
C)amino groups move from a donor to an acceptor
D)NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ are converted to NAD⁺ and FAD,donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen
E)energy derived from NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ is used to generate ATP

Question 47

Typical fatty acids cannot be converted to glucose because ________.

A)they lack sufficient energy
B)they enter the citric acid cycle at acetyl-CoA and can never reform pyruvate
C)they can only be synthesized from amino acid skeletons,not fatty acid skeletons
D)they enter the citric acid cycle as propionyl-CoA

Question 48

Catabolic metabolism refers to pathways that break down compounds to smaller,simpler units.

Question 49

Ketone bodies are products of incomplete oxidation of fatty acids.

Question 50

Fasting or starvation accelerates ________.

A)gluconeogenesis
B)ketone production
C)body protein breakdown
D)body fat breakdown
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 51

Glycolysis is the process by which ________.

A)fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA
B)glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate
C)amino groups move from a donor to an acceptor
D)NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ are converted to NAD⁺ and FAD,donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen
E)energy derived from NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ is used to generate ATP

Question 52

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is irreversible.

Question 53

In the body,excess amino acids are ________.

A)burned as fuel or stored as fat
B)stored by the body in the form that they were consumed
C)of no concern to health status
D)directly converted into lean muscle mass

Question 54

Anabolic metabolism refers to pathways that build larger,more complex compounds.

Question 55

Metabolism is regulated by ________.

A)hormones such as insulin
B)the presence and activity of enzymes
C)ATP levels in the individual cells
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 56

Beta oxidation takes place in the mitochondria.

Question 57

Transamination is the process by which ________.

A)fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA
B)glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate
C)amino groups are transferred from a donor to an acceptor
D)NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ are converted to NAD⁺ and FAD,donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen
E)energy derived from NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ is used to generate ATP

Question 58

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a result of a lack of insulin.

Question 59

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ________.

A)fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA
B)glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate
C)amino groups move from a donor to an acceptor
D)NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ are converted to NAD⁺ and FAD,donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen
E)energy derived from NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂ is used to generate ATP

Question 60

When excessive amounts of alcohol are consumed,which system oxidizes the excess alcohol?

A)beta oxidizing system
B)mitochondrial oxidizing system
C)alcohol oxidizing system
D)microsomal ethanol oxidizing system

Question 61

During which phase of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

A)Glycolysis
B)Transition reaction
C)Citric acid cycle
D)Electron transport chain

Question 62

Which portion of cellular respiration benefits from the Cori cycle?

A)Citric acid cycle
B)Anaerobic glycolysis
C)Transition reaction
D)Aerobic glycolysis

Question 63

How would metabolism be affected if a patient's liver is were not working efficiently?

A)He or she could not effectively absorb nutrients
B)Nutrient interconversions and storage would not efficiently occur
C)Digestive enzymes could not be produced
D)There would be no effect on metabolism

Question 64

The body can make glucose from fatty acids.

Question 65

High amounts of ketones in the blood show that the body is using protein as a fuel source.

Question 66

Which of the following molecules would be used to produce 2 additional molecules of ATP if needed?

A)NADH
B)FADH₂
C)Oxaloacetate
D)GTP

Question 67

During an overnight fast,the primary fuel for the brain and central nervous system is amino acids.

Question 68

The electron transport chain takes place in the cytosol.

Question 69

A patient presents with low copper.Which portion of cellular respiration would suffer?

A)Glycolysis
B)Citric acid cycle
C)Transition reaction
D)Electron transport chain

Question 70

What would be the effect of high concentrations of ATP?

A)Catabolic reactions to produce more energy
B)Anabolic reactions to synthesize more products
C)Catabolic reactions to synthesize more products
D)Anabolic reactions to produce more energy