Deck 14: Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Question 1

Which of the following directly inhibits the cyclooxygenase pathway by inhibiting the activity of prostaglandin synthase?

A)ADAM10
B)experimental anti-IgE
C)aspirin (acetyl salicylate)
D)chymotryptase
E)ADAM33.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is associated with type III hypersensitivity?

A)nickel
B)recombinant human insulin
C)plant oil
D)mouse-derived monoclonal antibody
E)helminth infection.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Identify the mismatched pair.

A)TNF-α: immediate release from mast cells
B)mucosal mast cell production: T-cell immunodeficiencies
C)connective tissue mast cells: chymotryptase
D)lipid mediator: prostaglandins
E)leukotrienes: increase vascular permeability.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The sheddase _____ cleaves FcεRII on the cell surface,resulting in the production of monomeric and trimeric forms of FcεRII.

A)cathepsin G
B)CR2
C)eotaxin
D)major basic protein
E)ADAM10.

Question 5

Which of the following are matched correctly? (Select all that apply.)

A)type I hypersensitivity: IgE
B)type II hypersensitivity: IgG
C)type III hypersensitivity: immune complexes
D)type IV hypersensitivity: IgG
E)type IV hypersensitivity: delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Question 6

Describe in detail the mechanism responsible for mast-cell activation during a type I hypersensitivity reaction.
B.What are the products of mast-cell activation?

Question 7

Explain why it is essential that FcεRI and Fcε RII are not able to bind simultaneously to the same IgE molecule.
B.Why does simultaneous binding not occur?

Question 8

Which of the following regarding FcεRI is false?

A)It is expressed on the surface of mast cells and basophils.
B)It is a low-affinity receptor involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions.
C)It binds to IgE in the absence of antigen.
D)It is a membrane-bound tetramer.
E)It contains signaling components that re activated following antigen cross-linking.

Question 9

During a primary immune response IgM sometimes switches to IgE.Which of the following best describes the consequence of this early switch?

A)The B cell would switch again to IgG3.
B)The B cell would remain in the germinal center but would not differentiate into a plasma cell.
C)The B cell would die by apoptosis.
D)The IgE produced would have low affinity for antigen.

Question 10

Explain briefly how penicillin initiates a type I hypersensitivity response.

Question 11

Explain the importance of allergens having protease activity in the context of antigen-specific T-cell activation.
B.Provide a specific example of a major allergen that has protease activity.

Question 12

Which of the following are associated with soluble antigen? (Select all that apply.)

A)type I hypersensitivity
B)type II hypersensitivity
C)type III hypersensitivity
D)type IV hypersensitivity
E)mast-cell activation.

Question 13

All of the following are biological effects mediated by the products of mast cells except _____.

A)chemotaxis of neutrophils,eosinophils,and effector T cells
B)growth factor secretion
C)smooth muscle contraction
D)connective tissue remodeling
E)All of the above are mediated by mast cells.

Question 14

All of the following are released immediately by mast cells after FcεRI cross-linking except _____.

A)heparin
B)eicosanoids
C)neutral proteases
D)histamine
E)TNF-α.

Question 15

Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂)enhances all of the following except _____.

A)smooth muscle contraction
B)chemotaxis of neutrophils
C)increased vascular permeability
D)vasodilation.

Question 16

Which of the following is not mediated by antibodies?

A)type I hypersensitivity
B)type II hypersensitivity
C)type III hypersensitivity
D)type IV hypersensitivity.

Question 17

Identify four different ways in which an individual may come into contact with an allergen and provide two examples of allergens for each type of contact.

Question 18

_____ released by T_H2 cells promotes an elevated level of eosinophils in the circulation.

A)IL-4
B)IL-13
C)TNF-α
D)FcγRII
E)IL-5.

Question 19

Why are antihistamines used to treat allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma? What symptoms of each disease,respectively,do they alleviate.

Question 20

Look again at Question 14-43.What do you think Anita was suffering from? Given the circumstances in which the episode occurred,suggest a likely cause.
ANSWERS

Question 21

Which of the following genetic polymorphisms is associated with a predisposition to asthma? (Select all that apply.)

A)promoter variants of IL-5
B)structural variant of IgG receptor
C)HLA class II allotypes
D)β₂-adrenergic receptor variant
E)ACOX5 (5-lipoxygenase).

Question 22

Give three ways in which a susceptible person can help to minimize the risk of having an allergic reaction.

Question 23

Which of the following is associated with eosinophilia? (Select all that apply.)

A)IL-5-induced proliferation
B)endocardium damage
C)neuropathy
D)B-cell lymphoma
E)decreased bone marrow function.

Question 24

_____ express FcεRI and contain granules containing inflammatory mediators.(Select all that apply.)

A)macrophages
B)activated eosinophils
C)mast cells
D)natural killer cells
E)basophils.

Question 25

Some allergies can be treated by a procedure called desensitization.
A.Explain two current approaches to desensitization.
B.Explain the main disadvantage associated with each.

Question 26

During the course of a successful desensitization process,the patient's antibodies will change from an _____isotype to an _____ isotype.

A)IgG4:IgE
B)IgE:IgM
C)IgA:IgM
D)IgG1:IgG4
E)IgE:IgG4.

Question 27

The wheal-and-flare inflammatory reaction is an example of

A)an immediate type I allergic response
B)a late-phase type I allergic response
C)a late-phase type IV allergic response
D)an immediate type III allergic response
E)a late-phase type III allergic response.

Question 28

Explain how erythrocytes become coated with complement component C3b during an allergic reaction to penicillin.
B.Why is this important to the mechanism by which IgE antibodies are produced?

Question 29

Which of the following tests is used to determine whether a particular allergen is responsible for asthma?

A)measure wheal-and-flare diameter after intradermal injection of allergen
B)measure Arthus reaction diameter after intradermal injection of allergen
C)inject a controlled amount of allergen intradermally and observe urticaria
D)measure peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)following inhalation of allergen
E)measure eosinophils in nasal secretions following inhalation of allergen.

Question 30

Which of the following are consequences of anaphylactic shock? (Select all that apply.)

A)smooth muscle contraction
B)immune complex deposition on blood vessels
C)loss of blood pressure
D)constriction of airways
E)complement activation.

Question 31

Describe two ways in which the immunoglobulins acting as antigen receptors on the surface of a mast cell differ from the immunoglobulins acting as the antigen receptors on the surface of a B cell.
B.What is the essential difference in response of these two cell types when antigen binds to these surface immunoglobulins.

Question 32

Aspirin (acetyl salicylate)inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by binding irreversibly to prostaglandin synthase,the first enzyme in the _____ pathway.

A)cyclooxygenase
B)carboxypeptidase
C)metalloprotease
D)lipooxygenase
E)peroxidase.

Question 33

The antigens that provoke hypersensitivity reactions are referred to as

A)T-independent antigens
B)superantigens
C)subunit vaccines
D)attenuated vaccines
E)allergens.

Question 34

How do mast cells contribute to innate immunity?

Question 35

What are the effects of histamine binding to the H₁ receptor on smooth muscle,mucosal epithelia,and the endothelial cells of blood vessels.

Question 36

Anita Garcia,17 years old,and her roommate Rosa Rosario were celebrating a friend's birthday at a dessert buffet at a local restaurant when Anita developed acute dyspnea,and angioedema.She complained of an itchy rash,and then had difficulty swallowing.Rosa drove Anita to the emergency room two blocks away rather than wait for an ambulance.As they approached the hospital,Anita lost consciousness.This medical emergency would most probably result in immediate _____ before any subsequent treatment.
a.subcutaneous injection of epinephrine
b.intravenous injection of corticosteroids
c.intravenous injection of antihistamine
d.intravenous injection of antibiotics
e.intravenous injection of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Question 37

Which of the following allergens is not likely to be encountered through inhalation?

A)plant pollen
B)metals
C)animal dander
D)mold spores
E)house dust mite feces.