Deck 10: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Intrinsic motivation is one that propels a person to pursue an activity __________

A) for external rewards.
B) for its own sake.
C) to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation.
D) in order to be judged favorably by others .

Answer 1

for its own sake.

Question 2

Thirst, sexual desire, and hunger are examples of __________ drives.

A) primary
B) reduction
C) secondary
D) internalized

Answer 2

primary

Question 3

__________ is a very broad term that encompasses all the processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior.

A) Activation
B) Persistence
C) Intensity
D) Motivation

Answer 3

Motivation

Question 4

Primary drives are __________

A) learned.
B) unlearned.
C) produced by external incentives.
D) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle.

Question 5

Which statement about motivation is TRUE?

A) Motivation energizes and directs behavior.
B) We are always aware of motivational processes.
C) There is only one type of motivation.
D) Two people motivated by the same factor will satisfy that motive through similar means.

Question 6

Energy and attention that you apply in order to complete a project, such as a research paper, is an example of __________

A) activation.
B) persistence.
C) intensity.
D) motivation.

Question 7

If a person does not put forth continued effort in order to achieve a goal they do not have __________

A) activation.
B) persistence.
C) intensity.
D) motivation.

Question 8

__________ is the faithful and continued effort put forth in order to achieve a goal.

A) Persistence
B) Intensity
C) Orientation
D) Activation

Question 9

__________ involves taking the first steps required to achieve a goal or complete a project.

A) Persistence
B) Intensity
C) Orientation
D) Activation

Question 10

Physiologically based drives that are unlearned are called __________ drives.

A) primary
B) reflexive
C) acquired
D) tertiary

Question 11

Shirley kept studying because she found the subject matter interesting. This is indicative of her __________

A) motives.
B) goals.
C) direction.
D) personality.

Question 12

Drives that are most strongly influenced by stimuli within the body are called __________ drives.

A) primary
B) tertiary
C) secondary
D) learned

Question 13

__________ refers to focused energy and attention applied in order to reach a goal.

A) Persistence
B) Intensity
C) Orientation
D) Activation

Question 14

Jimmy plays basketball on the playground many hours each day. Even when he is very tired he finds a good game irresistible. We might say that Jimmy __________

A) is externally motivated.
B) is intrinsically motivated.
C) has incentive.
D) is extrinsically motivated.

Question 15

We learn these through experience and interaction with others.

A) primary drives
B) extrinsic motives
C) instincts
D) social motives

Question 16

Ron would like to meet a woman and develop a romantic relationship. He joins several clubs at his college so he can meet people, especially potential romantic partners. He is in the __________ phase.

A) activation
B) persistence
C) intensity
D) motivation

Question 17

What are the three components of motivation that work together to influence behavior?

A) self-esteem, safety, persistence and learning
B) activation, persistence, and intensity
C) incentives, goals and drives
D) arousal, drive and incentives

Question 18

The underlying process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior is called __________

A) personality.
B) learning.
C) cognition.
D) motivation.

Question 19

The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by __________

A) the need for affiliation.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) biological drives.
D) performance goals.

Question 20

Primary drives are caused by __________

A) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle.
B) learned behaviors.
C) stimuli within the body.
D) stimuli outside the body.

Question 21

Many people in society do not steal or commit other crimes because they do not want to deal with the consequences of getting caught. In other words they are __________ motivated to not engage in criminal behavior.

A) instinctively
B) reflexively
C) intrinsically
D) extrinsically

Question 22

The state of tension created by biological needs is called a(n) __________

A) emotion.
B) impulse.
C) drive.
D) instinct.

Question 23

Drive-reduction theory is largely derived from the biological concept of __________

A) instincts.
B) motives.
C) homeostasis.
D) arousal.

Question 24

According to the text, which of the following statements is accurate?

A) Motives are either intrinsic or extrinsic.
B) The majority of motives are intrinsic.
C) The majority of motives are neither intrinsic nor extrinsic.
D) A motive can be both intrinsic and extrinsic.

Question 25

Salmon swimming upstream to spawn are an example of __________

A) incentives.
B) motives.
C) instinct.
D) needs .

Question 26

Things that attract or lure people to action are __________

A) instincts.
B) incentives.
C) stimuli.
D) bait.

Question 27

Primary drives are caused by __________

A) exceptions to the drive-reduction principle.
B) learned behaviors.
C) stimuli within the body.
D) stimuli outside the body.

Question 28

Meghan, a four-year-old, spends hours drawing with colored crayons. She finds this activity very enjoyable. For Meghan, coloring is maintained by __________

A) incentive.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) biological motives.

Question 29

A fixed behavior pattern that is characteristic of all members of a particular species and is assumed to be genetically programmed is __________

A) a reflex.
B) a genetic motive.
C) an imperative.
D) an instinct.

Question 30

What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?

A) drives
B) instincts
C) releasing behaviors
D) universal behaviors

Question 31

Sharon happily went to work for 10 years enjoying every aspect of her job. However, when Sharon was recently informed that her salary would be cut 10% because her company was struggling, Sharon quit to look for another job. Sharon had lost __________

A) a biological motive.
B) her drive.
C) an extrinsic motivation.
D) her intrinsic motivation.

Question 32

The pursuit of an activity for external reward is called __________

A) the need for affiliation.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) a mastery goal.

Question 33

Spiders spin intricate webs without being taught by other spiders. This is an example of a(n) __________

A) biological motive.
B) extrinsic motive.
C) instinct.
D) incentive.

Question 34

The biological concept of homeostasis is the basis for the __________

A) drive-reduction theory of motivation.
B) incentive theory of motivation.
C) learning theory of motivation.
D) arousal theory of motivation.

Question 35

A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as __________

A) primary motivation.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) secondary motivation.
D) extrinsic motivation.

Question 36

Which student is taking psychology because they are intrinsically motivated to do so?

A) Alfred is taking the course because he is fascinated with the complex interaction of personality and behavior.
B) Kim is taking the class to fulfill a core course requirement.
C) Maggie is taking the class because it fits into her schedule.
D) Jamie is taking the course because he thinks it will raise his grade point average.

Question 37

Extrinsic motivation is defined as __________

A) the pursuit of an activity for external reward.
B) the pursuit of an activity for its own sake.
C) the pursuit of an activity to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation.
D) the pursuit of an activity in order to increase one's competence and skills.

Question 38

Students who study hard because they find the subject interesting are driven by __________

A) drive motivation.
B) instinctive motivation.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) intrinsic motivation.

Question 39

John studies very hard to avoid getting bad grades. For John, studying is maintained by __________

A) incentive.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) extrinsic motivation.
D) biological motives.

Question 40

Sam is known to be the fastest worker in the mailroom. He has worked in the mailroom for only a short time, but prides himself on being competent and a quick learner. He often gets positive comments from coworkers and his boss, which helps to motivate him and has a positive effect as he continues to challenge himself at work. As a result of his efficient style, he is also given more freedom than other workers as his boss is impressed by his ability to sort and organize mail. Sam is likely to be __________ motivated as he continues to challenge and push himself to perform even better each day.

A) intrinsically
B) extrinsically
C) superiorly
D) withinsically

Question 41

Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory?

A) eating food that tastes bad
B) going swimming on a hot day
C) eating when you are not hungry
D) smoking pot to relax

Question 42

The theory stating that behaviors are motivated by an organism's attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst and return the body to a state of balance is called __________ theory.

A) drive-reduction
B) homeostatic
C) needs
D) disequilibrium

Question 43

The __________ approach to motivation suggests a connection between internal physical states and outward behavior.

A) arousal
B) drive-reduction
C) incentive
D) achievement

Question 44

Which of the following behaviors is NOT an example of drive-reduction theory?

A) getting some food when you are hungry
B) going to sleep when you are tired
C) getting something to drink when you are thirsty
D) going jogging when you are bored

Question 45

Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors. Dr. Jones would be described as __________ in arousal theory.

A) foolhardy
B) a person high in nPow
C) a sensation seeker

Question 46

This refers to a person's state of alertness and mental and physical activation.

A) homeostasis
B) arousal
C) stimulus motive
D) drive

Question 47

Jack, compared to most other people, appears to need a high level of arousal. He enjoys doing potentially life-threatening hobbies such as sky diving, swimming with sharks, and bungee jumping from bridges. Jack is likely to be (a) __________

A) show off.
B) mentally unstable.
C) sensation seeker.
D) unhealthy.

Question 48

A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst. This psychologist's philosophy most closely matches _________ theory.

A) reciprocity
B) homeostatic
C) needs
D) drive-reduction

Question 49

__________ theory encompasses the idea that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of stimulation or excitement.

A) Arousal
B) Instinct
C) Stimulus
D) Expectancy

Question 50

Some psychologists believe that an organism's behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively - a state called __________

A) unbalance.
B) acquiescence.
C) propinquity.
D) homeostasis.

Question 51

Drives serve to activate responses that are aimed at reducing the drive, thereby returning the body to a more normal state called __________

A) stability.
B) equilibrium.
C) homeostasis.
D) physiological balance.

Question 52

According to Clark Hull, a biological need gives rise to __________

A) alertness.
B) a drive.
C) homeostasis.
D) motivation.

Question 53

According to drive-reduction theory, what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction?

A) tension is increased
B) stability is reduced
C) tension is reduced
D) drives are increased

Question 54

__________ is a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water.

A) Motivation
B) A drive

Question 55

The tendency of the body to maintain a balanced internal state is called __________

A) arousal.
B) homeostasis.
C) drive.
D) biological motives.

Question 56

After not having anything to drink for several hours, Marnie is motivated to seek a beverage and drink it in order to restore __________

A) intrinsic motives.
B) homeostasis.
C) drive level.
D) arousal.

Question 57

In arousal theory, people are said to have a (an) __________ level of tension.

A) ultimate
B) lower
C) optimal
D) high

Question 58

This theory maintains that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness.

A) drive theory
B) instinct theory
C) arousal theory
D) stimulus theory

Question 59

Homeostasis is most like which of the following?

A) a car
B) a thermometer
C) a cooler
D) a thermostat

Question 60

__________ cannot be explained by drive-reduction theory.

A) a tendency to seek homeostasis
B) the desire to reduce drives
C) sensation-seeking behaviors
D) being motivated to reduce tension

Question 61

Which of the following examples best represents the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

A) Bill has a bad test score because he did not study.
B) Dan plays his best games when they mean the most to the team and his arousal is moderately high.
C) Mary buys a new car.
D) Toni watches TV all night.

Question 62

Lester has high test anxiety, which tends to affect his test performance even though he studies a lot. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which of the following activities will help Lester improve his performance?

A) study harder
B) use relaxation exercises before each test
C) study less since his performance won't be that good anyway
D) get a tutor

Question 63

The Yerkes-Dodson Law says __________

A) performance is affected by levels of physical arousal.
B) the more money you make the better your job will be.
C) nausea from bad food causes a reluctance to eat that food again.
D) performance on tests is better in the morning.

Question 64

Bobby is a very active 5 year old compared to others in his class. He appears to seek a great deal of stimulation, and is very playful, curious, and explorative. Bobby's seemingly unlearned motives, which are likely to increase stimulation, are called __________

A) developmental motives.
B) exploratory motives.
C) stimulus motives.
D) cognitive motives.

Question 65

On the job performance and productivity tends to be higher when workers __________

A) are females.
B) are threatened with dismissal.
C) are given incentives.
D) are given more rest breaks.

Question 66

n Ach is an abbreviation for __________

A) no achievement.
B) need for achievement.
C) no challenge.
D) need for change.

Question 67

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, why does it make sense that surgeons are generally not allowed to perform complex operations on their family members?

A) their arousal level is likely to be too low to operate efficiently.
B) their arousal level is likely to be too high to perform efficiently.
C) they would be unable to reach homeostasis during the operation.
D) there probably wouldn't be enough intrinsic motivation to perform efficiently.

Question 68

__________ help design behavior modification techniques to increase job performance and productivity.

A) Motivational therapists
B) Human performance managers
C) Cognitive psychologists
D) Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists

Question 69

Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on predictions made by the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

A) task instructions
B) gender of person doing the task
C) age of person doing the task
D) difficulty of task

Question 70

When we become bored or habituated to our current conditions, __________ cause us to seek new stimulation.

A) stimulus motives
B) arousal motives
C) instinctual motives
D) survival motives

Question 71

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, simple tasks are best performed when arousal is __________

A) low.
B) moderate.
C) high.
D) absent.

Question 72

Dr. Robarg is an industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologist. Which of the following would NOT be an area of interest for Dr. Robarg?

A) decision making
B) psychotherapy with depressed workers
C) personnel selection, training and evaluation
D) the conditions that influence work motivation and job performance

Question 73

The need for __________ involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals.

A) achievement
B) power
C) motivation
D) emotion

Question 74

Which of the following statements regarding the Yerkes-Dodson law is incorrect?

A) Performance on simple tasks is better when arousal is low.
B) Performance on moderate tasks is better when arousal is moderate.
C) Performance on difficult tasks is better when arousal is low.
D) Performance on simple tasks is better when arousal is high.

Question 75

Need for achievement is also referred to as __________

A) Ach.
B) NFA.
C) n Ach.
D) n Ech.

Question 76

The conditions and processes that account for the arousal, direction and maintenance of effort in a person's job is referred to as __________

A) need for achievement.
B) instrumentality.
C) work motivation.
D) performance enhancement.

Question 77

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, an individual who is taking a highly complex test assessing their mathematical and analytical abilities would perform best at a __________ arousal level.

A) high
B) moderate
C) medium
D) low

Question 78

Mike is raking leaves at his parent's home. This is a simple and easy task, so if he is to do well his arousal level should be __________

A) low.
B) high.
C) moderate.
D) constrained.

Question 79

In between classes Marla usually sits around working on Sudoku puzzles. This is an example of __________

A) homeostasis.
B) drives.
C) stimulus motives.
D) curiosity.

Question 80

Greg, a professional golfer, tends to "choke" on tough shots in "big" matches. Which of the following statements is true?

A) Greg is likely past the optimal point of arousal.
B) Greg's arousal is low.
C) Greg's skills and arousal levels are well-matched.
D) Greg has questionable drive.