Deck 2: Studying the Family

Question 1

Functions that are unintended and unrecognized are called __________ functions.

A)manifest
B)latent
C)expressive
D)instrumental

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Self-help books and articles tend to

A)make people feel better about themselves.
B)support non-traditional gender roles.
C)oversimplify complex problems.
D)cite scientific research found in academic journals.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which theory examines the ways in which groups disagree,struggle for power,and compete for scarce resources?

A)structural-functionalism
B)exchange theory
C)conflict theory
D)symbolic interactionism

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to conflict theory,who dominates political and economic decision making in American society?

A)whites,middle-class,wealthy males
B)people of color
C)children
D)the elderly

Question 5

Playing the __________ role means providing the emotional support and nurturing qualities that sustain the family unit and support the breadwinner.

A)instrumental
B)expressive
C)latent
D)manifest

Question 6

Which of the following is a criticism of structural-functionalism?

A)It focuses too much on how families interact on a daily basis.
B)It tends to define family roles too broadly.
C)It tends to emphasize order and stability and ignore social change.
D)It emphasizes the structure of nontraditional families at the expense of traditional families.

Question 7

Which theory examines the relationship between the family and the larger society,focusing on how the parts work together in fulfilling the tasks necessary for the family's survival?

A)structural-functionalism
B)conflict perspective
C)social exchange perspective
D)family development perspective

Question 8

Structural-functionalism has come under attack for being too

A)liberal.
B)radical.
C)concerned with social change.
D)conservative.

Question 9

According to structural-functional theory the expressive role is best carried out by the

A)wife.
B)husband.
C)parents.
D)marriage and family therapists.

Question 10

Functions that are intended and recognized are called __________ functions.

A)manifest
B)latent
C)expressive
D)instrumental

Question 11

Although the conflict perspective has a long history,it became popular during the late 1960s when __________ and __________ started to challenge structural-functionalism.

A)men; women
B)African Americans; feminists
C)Promise Keepers; televangelists
D)parents; children

Question 12

According to structural-functionalism,family roles are functional because they preserve

A)sexism and abuse.
B)individualism.
C)flexibility and adaptibility.
D)order,stability,and equilibrium.

Question 13

The __________ function of the marriage ceremony is to publicize the formation of a new family unit and to legitimize sexual intercourse; the __________ function is to communicate a "hands-off" message to past or future suitors.

A)expressive; instrumental
B)instrumental; expressive
C)manifest; latent
D)latent; manifest

Question 14

Playing the __________ role means providing food and shelter for the family and,at least theoretically,being hardworking,tough,and competitive.

A)manifest
B)latent
C)instrumental
D)expressive

Question 15

Why are theories and research on marriage and the family important in our everyday lives?

A)They give us the complete answers for achieving a successful family.
B)They show us families that are a lot worse off than our own.
C)They improve our ability to think more critically and make informed decisions in our own families.
D)They make simple that which is mysterious.

Question 16

According to conflict theory,who are the "have-nots" in American society?

A)white men
B)children,women,and people of color
C)Protestants
D)the middle-aged

Question 17

According to structural-functional theory,adult family tasks are best accomplished when the husband carries out the __________ role and the wife carries out the __________ role.

A)expressive; instrumental
B)instrumental; expressive
C)latent; manifest
D)manifest; latent

Question 18

A structural-functionalist would be most likely to see divorce as

A)dysfunctional and as signaling the disintegration of the family.
B)functional if the marriage was unhappy.
C)functional no matter the circumstances.
D)dysfunctional initially but producing stronger families in the long run.

Question 19

Conflict theorists see a continuous tension between the __________ and the __________.

A)mother; father
B)politicians; capitalists
C)depressed; exuberant
D)"haves"; "have-nots"

Question 20

A set of statements that explains why a particular phenomenon occurs is called a

A)hypothesis.
B)role.
C)guide.
D)theory.

Question 21

Which of the following statements concerning developmental tasks is true?

A)Developmental tasks change over time.
B)Developmental tasks are unidimensional.
C)Developmental tasks tend to be similar for all types of families.
D)Developmental tasks tend to be cyclical in that we revisit childhood tasks as adults.

Question 22

Which perspective examines the changes that families experience over their lifespan?

A)symbolic interaction theory
B)family development theory
C)exchange theory
D)structural-functionalism

Question 23

Which of the following is a critique of feminist theory?

A)Theorists have formed an "old girl network."
B)Researchers tend to overlook diversity in focusing on the commonalities between families.
C)Researchers pay too much attention to other forms of oppression such as oppression based on age.
D)Feminists overemphasize the experiences of minority women.

Question 24

Which of the following is a critique of the ecological perspective?

A)Individual roles and environmental settings are not highly interrelated.
B)It does not help us to explain family dynamics.
C)It is less focused on growth than on disintegration.
D)It is unclear how the interactions among the four systems affect nontraditional families.

Question 25

The wider society and culture that encompasses all other systems is the

A)microsystem.
B)exosystem.
C)macrosystem.
D)mesosystem.

Question 26

The way in which we perceive reality and react to it is called

A)significant others.
B)role enactment.
C)the definition of the situation.
D)the perceptual field.

Question 27

Words,gestures,or pictures that stand for something are called

A)significant others.
B)symbols.
C)alternative language
D)double-speak

Question 28

A micro-level theory that looks at the everyday behavior of individuals is called

A)structural-functionalism.
B)conflict theory.
C)exchange theory.
D)symbolic interactionism

Question 29

The interconnected behaviors,roles and relationships which influence the person's daily life are called the

A)microsystem.
B)exosystem.
C)macrosystem.
D)mesosystem.

Question 30

For children,their parent's employment is part of the

A)microsystem.
B)exosystem.
C)macrosystem.
D)mesosystem

Question 31

A critique of conflict theory is that it overemphasizes conflict and coercion at the expense of

A)downward mobility.
B)economic shifts.
C)order and stability.
D)male dominance.

Question 32

The _____________________ is composed of the relationships between different settings such as the home and school are part of the

A)microsystem.
B)exosystem.
C)macrosystem.
D)mesosystem

Question 33

Theories which examine how gender roles shape relations between the sexes,in institutions such as politics,the economy,religion,education and the family,are called

A)conflict theories.
B)structural functional theories.
C)exchange theories.
D)feminist theories.

Question 34

According to developmental theories,as family members progress through the life cycle,they __________; that is,they learn to fulfill role expectations and responsibilities such as showing affection and support for family members and socializing with others outside of the family.

A)grow
B)create relationships
C)accomplish developmental tasks
D)develop roles

Question 35

How have feminist scholars contributed to family theory and social change?

A)They have shown that most families are traditional married couples with children and so we do not have to worry about the family declining.
B)They have worked to exclude fathers from having contact with their children after divorce.
C)They have worked for legislation that provides employed women with parental leave rights in order to balance the power between men and women.
D)They have refocused much of the research on families to include fathers as involved,responsible,and nurturing family members who have a profound effect on children and the family.

Question 36

Which of the following is a criticism of family development theories?

A)The stages posited by the theory are artificial in that life is not so clearly segmented.
B)They are overly focused on the extended family.
C)They focus too much on sibling relationships at the expense of parent-child relationships.
D)The theory is largely descriptive rather than explanatory.

Question 37

Parents,friends,relatives,and teachers are examples of

A)significant others.
B)family.
C)symbols.
D)shared meanings.

Question 38

The settings or events which people do not experience directly,but which affect their development,are called the

A)microsystem.
B)exosystem.
C)macrosystem.
D)mesosystem.

Question 39

_________________ examines how a family influences and is influenced by its environment.

A)Ecological
B)Structural Functional
C)Family Development
D)Symbolic Interactionism

Question 40

The process by which kin-work is assigned to specific family members,most often women,is called

A)chores.
B)kin-scription.
C)kin-time.
D)segmentation.

Question 41

Which theory posits that any social interaction between two people is based on the efforts of each person to maximize rewards and minimize costs?

A)symbolic interaction theory
B)conflict theory
C)social exchange theory
D)feminist theory

Question 42

Any well-defined group of people (or things)that researchers want to know something about is called a

A)population.
B)sample.
C)focus group.
D)variable.

Question 43

A group of people (or things)that are representative of the population that a researcher wishes to study is called a

A)population.
B)variable.
C)sample.
D)focus group.

Question 44

Which theory views the family as a functioning unit that solves problems,makes decisions,and achieves collective goals?

A)family systems theory
B)social exchange theory
C)conflict theory
D)structural-functional theory

Question 45

Marlene is a wife,grandmother,sister,daughter,and an aunt.These are examples of Marlene's

A)roles.
B)social worth.
C)aspirations.
D)degrees.

Question 46

Which of the following is a criticism of family systems theory?

A)It has generated a lot of terminology,but little insight into how families really function.
B)It ignores order and stability.
C)It does not try to understand what makes families dysfunctional.
D)It is based solely on survey data.

Question 47

A major limitation of surveys that use mailed questionnaires is

A)a low response rate.
B)problems with the U.S.postal service actually delivering the surveys.
C)surveyors making up responses for the respondents.
D)respondents adding their own comments to the survey.

Question 48

__________ research studies individuals or small groups of people who seek help from mental health officials and other scientists.

A)Survey
B)Participant
C)Clinical
D)Qualitative

Question 49

According to the social exchange perspective,when would a marriage end in a separation or divorce?

A)When the costs of the marriage outweigh the rewards.
B)When the husband and wife no longer make the same amount of income.
C)When the husband and wife no longer define the marriage in the same way.
D)When the children of the marriage grow up and leave home.

Question 50

Researchers use which of the following methods to systematically collect data from respondents through questionnaires or interviews?

A)the experiment
B)surveys
C)participant observation
D)unobtrusive measurement

Question 51

When a small number of people participate in a guided discussion of a particular topic so that researchers can learn more about certain issues,the group is called a

A)study group.
B)experimental group.
C)population.
D)focus group.

Question 52

Which of the following is a strength of telephone surveying?

A)It often elicits more honest responses to controversial issues.
B)It does not involve an actual person to give the survey.
C)It focuses on a small pool of respondents.
D)People can hang up before the interview is completed.

Question 53

The most common criticism of symbolic interaction theory is that it ignores

A)order and stability.
B)the impact on the family of macro-level factors.
C)conflict and change.
D)the value of family roles.

Question 54

Researchers who collect data or examine data on families such as age at first marriage or family size are doing _________________ research.

A)qualitative
B)interpretive
C)analytical
D)quantitative

Question 55

In a(n)_____________________ sample,each person (or thing)has an equal chance of being chosen.

A)availability
B)probability
C)nonprobability
D)convenience

Question 56

A traditional approach used by social workers,psychologists,clinical sociologists,and marriage counselors,which provides in-depth information and detailed and vivid descriptions of family life,is called the __________ method.

A)small group
B)participant observation
C)case study
D)focused detail

Question 57

Social exchange theory has been criticized for giving too much weight to

A)rational behavior.
B)conflict.
C)order.
D)qualitative research.

Question 58

According to family systems theory,a key concept is ____________________; that is a change in one part of the family or external environment sets in motion an adjustment process to restore the family to the way it was in the past.

A)interaction
B)grounding
C)settling
D)equilibrium

Question 59

When researchers use criteria such as convenience or availability of participants,they are using a

A)random sample.
B)probability sample.
C)nonprobability sample.
D)focused sample.

Question 60

The problem with television news and entertainment shows that provide a toll-free number and encourage viewers to "vote" is that the sample they get is

A)a probability sample,where every person has an equal chance of being selected.
B)very expensive to obtain.
C)a nonprobability sample that cannot be generalized to the population.
D)representative of the population.

Question 61

Secondary data are often __________,that is,the information is collected at two or more points in time.

A)cross-sectional
B)longitudinal
C)univariate
D)multivariate

Question 62

One limitation of clinical research and case studies is that clinicians typically see people who

A)have fairly minor problems.
B)are relatively healthy.
C)are being forced to seek help.
D)are financially able to seek help.

Question 63

Which of the following is an example of secondary data?

A)conversations between couples
B)children playing together on a playground
C)diaries
D)group interviews

Question 64

In the __________________ group,the subjects are not exposed to the independent variable.

A)static
B)control
C)experimental
D)hypothetical

Question 65

Which of the following is not a limitation of secondary research?

A)Secondary data may not provide all the information needed.
B)Historical materials may be fragile or difficult to obtain.
C)Determining the accuracy and authenticity of historical documents may be difficult.
D)Data analysis is often expensive.

Question 66

A(n)__________ states that one specified variable "causes" another specified variable.

A)theory
B)hypothesis
C)educated guess
D)sample

Question 67

One disadvantage of laboratory experiments is that they

A)tend to be expensive.
B)cannot be replicated.
C)are time consuming.
D)tend to rely on student volunteers or paid subjects.

Question 68

In most cases,secondary analysis is

A)accessible.
B)convenient.
C)inexpensive.
D)all of the above

Question 69

Most people "always" check the source or the date of the health information they find online.

Question 70

Research that assesses the efficiency and effectiveness of social programs in both the public and private sectors is called

A)survey research.
B)participant observation.
C)secondary analysis.
D)evaluation research.

Question 71

Which data collection method is more susceptible than the others to ethical violations?

A)field research
B)surveys
C)secondary analysis
D)content analysis

Question 72

The research method where researchers collect data by observing people in their natural surroundings is called __________ research.

A)clinical
B)survey
C)objective
D)field

Question 73

People tend to trust public opinion polls more than scientific studies.

Question 74

A(n)________________________ is a controlled artificial situation that allows researchers to manipulate variables and measure their effects.

A)survey
B)focus group
C)interview
D)experiment

Question 75

One limitation of field research is that

A)it tends to be inflexible.
B)it can be expensive.
C)researchers tend to be too detached from their subjects.
D)researchers can only study a small number of subjects.

Question 76

According to the text's discussion of some basic principles of ethical family research,

A)researchers do not need to obtain participant's consent to be in the study as long as they can show that no harm will come to them.
B)ethical violations in research usually have no effect on families.
C)researchers need to describe the limitations and shortcomings of their research in published reports.
D)confidentiality is usually not an issue with family research.

Question 77

In __________,researchers interact naturally with the people they are studying,but do not reveal their identities as researchers.

A)participant observation
B)non-participant observation
C)survey research
D)clinical research

Question 78

In the __________________ group,the subjects are exposed to the independent variable.

A)static
B)control
C)experimental
D)hypothetical

Question 79

Researchers typically use more than one theoretical framework in examining any given topic because each perspective involves seeing the world differently.

Question 80

Self-help books often reinforce gender stereotypes.