Deck 10: Womens Movements

Question 1

The term "________" refers to activities of government structures that are formally charged with furthering the status and rights of women.

A)state feminism
B)authorized feminism
C)legitimized feminism
D)federal feminism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The social costs of speaking out against gender inequality are especially severe in ________.

A)cultures where people's identity is independent of family
B)individualistic cultures
C)collectivist cultures
D)cultures that emphasize the subordination of communal goals

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The first transnational feminist organization,Association Internationale des Femmes,was founded in ________ in ________.

A)1945; Stockholm (Sweden)
B)1868; Geneva (Switzerland)
C)1926; Oslo (Norway)
D)1888; Washington,D.C.(the United States)

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of a feminist label?

A)It is always an important identity to women's movement actors.
B)It is perceived as anti-male and anti-family in some places.
C)It has a positive connotation in all cultures worldwide.
D)It has been associated with a broad,Eastern view of women's issues.

Question 5

Self-efficacy is fostered by ________.

A)personal unsuccessful experiences with tasks
B)receiving social support and encouragement
C)inconsistencies due to changes in political administrations
D)seeing people like one's own self struggle to complete tasks

Question 6

Historically,scholars from the United States,Canada,and Western Europe have focused on women's movements.As such,their analyses have overemphasized all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)reproductive rights.
B)the role of middle-class women.
C)the role of economic development.
D)women's strength,assertiveness,and autonomy.

Question 7

The ________ was developed in 1979 and has been described as an international bill of rights for women.

A)Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
B)Beijing Platform for Action
C)Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
D)Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of Women's Legal Rights

Question 8

________ are the organizational expression of the ________.They operate across national borders to resist inequality,to insert a feminist perspective in transnational advocacy and activism,and to influence policymaking.

A)Transnational feminist movements; international women's movement
B)Transnational feminist movements; transnational feminist network
C)International women's movements; transnational feminist movement
D)Transnational feminist networks; transnational feminist movement

Question 9

Movements arising out of ________ develop in response to an immediate perceived need with the goal of reforming an existing system to address specific problems.

A)temporal gender interests
B)strategic gender interests
C)abrupt gender interests
D)practical gender interests

Question 10

Identify a true statement about movements arising out of practical gender interests.

A)They arise to retain an existing system to address specific problems.
B)They develop to change a generalized patriarchy.
C)They develop in response to an immediate perceived need.
D)They arise out of an awareness of a generalized patriarchy.

Question 11

Select the answer that does NOT apply.Women's movements have the most impact in new democracies when ________.

A)other countries aiding the democratic transition emphasize the need to incorporate gender equality in new government policies
B)women are active participants in the fight for democracy
C)the new regime possesses both conservative and religious ideologies
D)there is experience with feminist organizing and existing feminist networks

Question 12

Although significant gains have certainly been made,women's movements have not achieved many of their goals.Common explanations for this include all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)countermovements against feminism often make it difficult for women's movements to succeed.
B)there are frequent disagreements within women's movements that prevent the solidarity needed to enact a change.
C)many women do not support movements that fail to take their national,cultural,and ethnic identities into account.
D)often,women's movements focus too heavily on class-related interests and mobilize poor women.

Question 13

Identify a feature of women's movements.

A)They are always affiliated with political parties.
B)They focus on women's immediate needs rather than on gaining long-term rights.
C)They develop independent of political,economic,and social conditions.
D)They are shaped by the intersectional concerns of different groups of women.

Question 14

Identify a true statement about contemporary women's movements.

A)They share a focus on coalition building and intersectionality.
B)They are most successful when they work independently to contest unfair laws.
C)They are effective when they merge their own identities with those of other groups.
D)They always have the same goals as those of other women's movements.

Question 15

In the context of women's movements,identify a true statement about scholars from the United States,Canada,and Western Europe.

A)They were ignorant of the role of economic development in their analyses of women's movements.
B)They overemphasized the importance of women's movements in postcolonial countries and regions.
C)They were the first to study women's movements.
D)They focused on women's movements in the Global South.

Question 16

One of the perils associated with women's activism is the potential loss of social belongingness and social approval.The social costs of speaking out are especially severe in ________ cultures that emphasize the subordination of ________ goals for the sake of the ________.

A)individualistic; individual; community
B)collectivist; individual; community
C)individualistic; community; individual
D)collectivist; community; individual

Question 17

Movements focusing on strategic gender interests arise ________.

A)out of a desire to accept and retain a generalized patriarchy
B)out of an awareness of a generalized patriarchy
C)to respond to an immediate perceived need
D)with the goal of reforming an existing system to address problems

Question 18

Often,women do not resist gender inequality because they believe their efforts will be ineffective.Such women may be described as having a lack of ________.

A)self-abasement
B)self-regulation
C)self-efficacy
D)self-effacement

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding women's movements is false?

A)Women's movements involve groups and association-led campaigns to change women's position in society.
B)Women's movements do not have to be independently organized and are sometimes affiliated with political parties.
C)Women's movements may be of short duration.
D)In order to be classified as a women's movement,multiple issues must be identified as areas of focus and contention.

Question 20

Transnational feminist networks (TFNs)pushed the UN General Assembly to declare 1976-1985 as the ________.The decade stimulated transnational feminism by creating national and international forums for action,including three world women's conferences.A fourth world conference,which ultimately led to follow-up sessions being held every five years,was held one decade later in ________.

A)United Nations Decade for Women; Geneva (Switzerland)
B)International Year of Women; Beijing (China)
C)United Nations Decade for Women; Beijing (China)
D)International Year of Women; Geneva (Switzerland)

Question 21

The Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)is the UN body responsible for monitoring the implementation of conference agreements.

Question 22

The women's movement is a singular and distinct organizational entity worldwide.

Question 23

Prior to the 1993 United Nations World Conference on Human Rights,often called the Vienna Conference,practices such as female genital cutting,sati,dowry deaths,and domestic violence were not considered "violence against women."

Question 24

Practical gender interests arise out of an awareness of a generalized patriarchy and a desire to challenge and change it.

Question 25

The Afrikaans government restricted the rights and movements of all non-White citizens under a system called ________.

A)colonialism
B)ageism
C)coup d'état
D)apartheid

Question 26

Women's movements often include women and groups that do not explicitly identify as feminist.

Question 27

Being associated with Western feminism can have a detrimental impact on Arab feminist efforts,which are often rooted in Islam.

Question 28

Until recently,Western academics dominated the study of women's movements.Unfortunately,these scholars had a tendency to overemphasize some factors (while neglecting to consider others),which resulted in a number of mistaken assumptions.Describe some of these mistaken assumptions,particularly those regarding Western feminism and the feminist label.

Question 29

The Beijing Platform for Action (BPFA)was the collaborative effort of 5,000 delegates from 189 countries.It is considered the most comprehensive agenda ever negotiated for women's empowerment.

Question 30

There is at least some truth to the notion that patriarchy can only function with the cooperation of women.However,this cooperation is often secured using a variety of questionable means.Referring to what you have learned,describe some of the means commonly used to subvert gender equality,and explain why the act of standing up for women's rights is not always as simple as it seems.

Question 31

In the early history of the modern transnational feminist movement,________ conceptions of feminism and feminist concerns dominated,and ________ feminists clashed.

A)Eastern; northern and southern
B)Eastern; Eastern and Western
C)Western; northern and southern
D)Western; Eastern and Western

Question 32

The modern transnational women's movement has been hindered by globalization and advances in information and communication technologies.

Question 33

Small,local-level activist groups (or grassroots organizations)provide services such as shelter to women experiencing intimate partner violence and groups that engage in local protests or awareness campaigns.

Question 34

The United States was one of the very first nations to ratify the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).

Question 35

In the context of women's movements,state feminism seems to work best when ________.

A)there is a clear mandate
B)they are run by bureaucrats
C)the agency is subsumed under another
D)they are independent of women's movement

Question 36

According to the textbook,there are three major "strands" of women's movements that can be found in many countries.Describe each of these "strands," and explain how they often work in conjunction to enact social change.

Question 37

In some languages,the words "gender" and "gender-neutral" do not exist.

Question 38

States commonly adopt feminist changes without pressure from organized women's groups.

Question 39

Femocrats are feminist bureaucrats who work within government structures that are charged with furthering the status and rights of women.

Question 40

Although feminist struggles occur in unique cultural contexts,women outside those contexts tend to create the most effective women's movements.

Question 41

The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action documents (and provides recommendations for the reduction of)women's rights abuses in five distinct areas.What are those areas? Also,does this declaration have any shortcomings? Conclude by explaining what differentiates the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action from the Beijing Platform for Action.

Question 42

According to the notion of "universal human rights," everyone has certain inalienable rights simply by virtue of being human.Moreover,those rights cannot be denied by anyone (including governments).Feminists have attempted to frame discrimination against women as a violation of their human rights,and they have asserted that passive governments are ultimately responsible for such abuses.Explain some of the difficulties (or counterarguments)that activists have had to face while making these arguments.

Question 43

The Beijing Platform for Action is an agenda for women's empowerment.It calls on governments to take strategic actions in order to address twelve critical areas of concern.Which of these twelve areas of concern do you feel is the most crucial for American women? What about for women in developing nations? Are there any areas of concern that you feel are missing from the list? Explain your answers.

Question 44

Nations that ratify the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)commit to undertake a series of measures that are intended to end all forms of discrimination against women.However,it is not always possible to hold governments accountable for these obligations.Explain some of the reasons why this is the case.

Question 45

Every women's movement takes place under a unique set of circumstances.Certain factors inevitably influence the success or failure of women's movements.The textbook presents four categories of contextual factors that are of particular importance.Identify and describe them,and discuss what types of circumstances are the most conducive to a successful women's movement.