Deck 13: The Federal Bureaucracy: Administering the Government

Question 1

As distinct from the patronage system,the merit system for managing the bureaucracy

A)allows the president to appoint top officials of executive agencies,thus making the bureaucracy more responsive to election outcomes.
B)provides for presidential leadership of the bureaucracy,thus giving it greater coordination and direction.
C)provides for a neutral administration in the sense that civil servants are not partisan appointees,thus ensuring evenhanded work.
D)provides that all programs will be evaluated regularly to determine whether they merit continued funding.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the late 1800s,rapid economic growth placed new demands on the federal government and led it to

A)create new federal departments built around economic interests.
B)establish the executive management system.
C)reorganize the cabinet in order to make it the center of economic policy making.
D)both create new federal departments built around economic interests,and establish the executive management system.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

About three in every five managerial and professional positions in the federal bureaucracy are held by

A)women.
B)white males.
C)African Americans.
D)Latino Americans.
E)Asian Americans.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is a principle of bureaucratic organization?

A)hierarchical authority
B)job specialization
C)formalized rules
D)both hierarchical authority and formalized rules
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 5

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)are

A)all agencies within cabinet departments.
B)all independent agencies.
C)respectively,an independent agency,an agency within a cabinet department,and a regulatory agency.
D)two cabinet departments and a regulatory agency.
E)respectively,an agency within a cabinet department,an independent agency,and a regulatory agency.

Question 6

Bureaucrats are ________ and elected officials are _______.

A)generalists; specialists
B)generalists; generalists
C)specialists; generalists
D)specialists; specialists
E)popular; unpopular

Question 7

When it was developed during the Jackson administration,the patronage system was designed to

A)provide jobs to merit appointees.
B)tie the administration more closely to the people it served.
C)increase congressional control of the bureaucracy.
D)increase judicial control of the bureaucracy.
E)provide jobs to lawyers.

Question 8

Policy implementation refers to the bureaucratic function of

A)carrying out decisions made by Congress,the president,and the courts.
B)regulating the distribution of funds to individuals and corporations.
C)delegating legislative authority to smaller operating units of the bureaucracy.
D)both regulating the distribution of funds to individuals and corporations,and delegating legislative authority to smaller operating units of the bureaucracy.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 9

Compared to the president and Congress,the bureaucracy

A)is held in higher esteem by the public.
B)is authorized by a constitutional amendment rather than by the original Constitution.
C)has a more direct impact on the daily lives of Americans.
D)has changed very little during the nation's history.
E)is more easily controlled by the voters.

Question 10

What were the "reinventing teams"?

A)teams appointed by Congress to propose budget cuts to the federal bureaucracy
B)groups of executive officials that were under the influence of "agency capture"
C)Congressional committees designed to find ways to reduce the size of the national bureaucracy
D)teams that were formed under the National Performance Review to analyze and make recommendations about bureaucratic effectiveness
E)teams appointed by Congress to decide which branches of the federal bureaucracy could be eliminated

Question 11

Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the typical independent agency?

A)It has a more narrow area of responsibility than that of cabinet departments.
B)Its head is appointed by an independent commission.
C)It is divided into a number of smaller operating units.
D)It exists independently of cabinet departments.
E)Its head is appointed by the president.

Question 12

Bureaucrats tend to follow

A)the wishes of the president.
B)the wishes of Congress.
C)their own agency's point of view.
D)the expectations of the general public.
E)the wishes of federal judges.

Question 13

Federal regulatory agencies have responsibility primarily in the area of

A)economic policy.
B)social welfare policy.
C)foreign and defense policy.
D)law enforcement policy.
E)environmental policy.

Question 14

Most federal employees are hired on the basis of

A)merit criteria.
B)patronage.
C)previous job experience in the private sector.
D)the personal preferences of immediate supervisors.
E)a lottery system.

Question 15

Whenever Congress has a perceived need for ongoing control of an economic activity,it has tended to create a

A)regulatory agency.
B)cabinet department.
C)presidential commission.
D)government corporation.
E)blue ribbon panel.

Question 16

Regulatory agencies have

A)executive,legislative,and judicial functions.
B)legislative and executive functions,but no judicial functions.
C)adjudicative and law enforcement functions.
D)multilateral,law enforcement,and executive functions.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 17

Federal civil service employees cannot legally

A)be fired from their jobs.
B)go on strike.
C)belong to a union.
D)be restricted in their election activities.
E)contribute to political campaigns.

Question 18

The federal bureaucracy today is

A)extremely wasteful and unresponsive to the public it serves.
B)an ineffective institution in comparison with bureaucracies of democracies with unitary systems.
C)more responsive to the public at large than to the particular interests that depend on its various programs.
D)a mix of the patronage and merit systems.
E)mostly dominated by patronage politics.

Question 19

The administrative concept of neutral competence holds that the bureaucracy should

A)be staffed by people chosen on the basis of ability and do its work fairly on behalf of all citizens.
B)stay out of conflicts between Congress and the president.
C)be structured on the basis of the principles of specialization,hierarchy,and formal rules.
D)not allow in-fighting between agencies.
E)be staffed by partisan presidents.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of federal employees and labor unions?

A)Federal employees are prohibited from forming labor unions.
B)Federal employees can form labor unions,but their unions by law have limited authority.
C)There are no restrictions on the creation and powers of labor unions by federal employees.
D)Among federal employees,only members of federal corporations can legally form labor unions.
E)Federal employees can form labor unions but are not allowed to participate in collective bargaining.

Question 21

What happens to the president's budget if it is approved by a vote of the House and Senate?

A)It is reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget.
B)It has reached its final approval and is implemented.
C)It is sent to the president to sign or veto.
D)It is given to the president for any further executive changes to be added.
E)It is referred to the House and Senate appropriations committees for implementation.

Question 22

The Senior Executive Service (SES)

A)is composed of civil employees that can be fired more easily than normal career civil servants.
B)was designed to combat abuse of the patronage system.
C)is composed of civil employees that can be assigned by the president to any position within the bureaucracy.
D)has been more successful in practice than its proponents anticipated.
E)assigns most of its senior executives to work within a different agency than the one in which they originally worked.

Question 23

Upon reaching Congress,what first happens to the president's budget proposal?

A)It is subjected to floor debate.
B)It goes to the House and Senate budget committees.
C)It is reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget.
D)It is marked up by the full Senate before moving to the House.
E)It is referred to the House and Senate appropriations committees.

Question 24

The number of employees in the federal bureaucracy is about _______.

A)10 million
B)2.5 million
C)5 million
D)700,000
E)1 million

Question 25

The National Performance Review addressed which of the following issues about the bureaucracy?

A)responsiveness
B)accountability
C)efficiency
D)all these issues: responsiveness,accountability,and efficiency
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 26

The chief way that administrative agencies exercise power over policy is through

A)rulemaking,or deciding how a law will operate in practice.
B)judicial interpretation,or mandating the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of a new statute.
C)hiring and firing government personnel in the name of efficiency and effectiveness.
D)testifying before Congress on the merits or demerits of a proposed regulation or law.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 27

Bureaucracy is best characterized in terms of

A)inefficiency,inflexibility,and red tape.
B)hierarchy,specialization,and rules.
C)honesty,efficiency,and patronage.
D)corruption,incompetence,and spoils.
E)waste,red tape,and lack of rules.

Question 28

Which of the following is true of the federal government's demographic representativeness?

A)Because the federal government has reduced efforts to specifically promote women and minorities,the proportion of white males that hold top administration positions has increased in recent years.
B)If all employees are taken into account,the federal bureaucracy comes reasonably close to being representative of the nation's population.
C)Women and minorities are better represented in Congress and the judiciary than they are among the top ranks of administrators.
D)The concept of a demographically representative civil service was first endorsed by President Reagan in 1984.
E)There has been much more improvement in the representation of minorities in the civil service than in the representation of women.

Question 29

Regarding the educational background of bureaucrats,high-ranking civil servants in continental Europe,compared to American bureaucrats,tend to have a college major specializing in

A)natural sciences and engineering.
B)law.
C)social sciences and the humanities.
D)business management.
E)journalism.

Question 30

Which of the following was the most recent broad initiative aimed at making the bureaucracy more responsive?

A)the Brownlow Commission
B)the National Performance Review
C)the Hoover Commission
D)the Volcker Commission
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 31

The U.S.Postal Service is an example of a

A)cabinet department.
B)government corporation.
C)independent agency.
D)regulatory agency.
E)presidential commission.

Question 32

How has the Government Accountability Office's role changed?

A)It has acquired wide judicial and adjudication powers to deal with inter-agency disputes.
B)It has changed from a presidential-executive support agency to largely a congressional support agency.
C)It has been given broader powers over time to actually grant additional funds or take away funds directly from agencies.
D)It has had its broad powers limited from general oversight down to keeping track of agency spending.
E)It has moved from a limited role of keeping track of agency spending to also monitoring whether the agency is implementing policies in the way Congress intended.

Question 33

The importance of clientele groups was especially clear in 1995 when House Speaker Newt Gingrich threatened to "zero out" funding for the

A)Social Security System.
B)Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
C)Department of Agriculture.
D)drug education program administered by Health and Human Services.
E)U.S.Postal Service.

Question 34

Legally,the bureaucracy derives general authority for its programs from

A)acts of Congress.
B)federalism.
C)regulatory rulings.
D)court rulings.
E)the will of the people.

Question 35

The courts have tended to support administrators as long as their agencies

A)choose rules that save money.
B)can apply a reasonable interpretation of a statute.
C)follow what the president demands of them.
D)have adequate funding.
E)don't come into conflict with state governments.

Question 36

The Department of ________ was founded in 1889.

A)Health and Human Services
B)State
C)Labor
D)Homeland Security
E)Agriculture

Question 37

The special interests that benefit directly from a bureaucratic agency's programs are called

A)clientele groups.
B)pressure groups.
C)entitlement groups.
D)programmatic groups.
E)recipient groups.

Question 38

The Department of ________ was created in 2002.

A)Transportation
B)Energy
C)Education
D)Veterans Affairs
E)Homeland Security

Question 39

When an individual believes that he or she was improperly disadvantaged by a bureaucrat's decision and contests the decision,the dispute is usually handled by

A)an administrative law judge.
B)a congressional oversight committee.
C)a federal appeals court.
D)a departmental or agency adjudication office.
E)the Supreme Court.

Question 40

The cabinet department with the largest number of full-time civilian employees is the Department of

A)State.
B)Defense.
C)Labor.
D)Health and Human Services.
E)Education.

Question 41

Congress oversees the bureaucracy by using

A)sunset provisions.
B)the Government Accounting Office.
C)the Congressional Budget Office.
D)all of these: sunset provisions,the Government Accounting Office,and the Congressional Budget Office.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 42

What is the federal bureaucracy's main function?

Question 43

Why does the head of the Social Security Administration (SSA)have less policy influence than the head of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)?

A)because the SSA operates under limiting guidelines than cannot be altered based on circumstances
B)because the SSA budget is much smaller than the FTC budget
C)because the SSA is an independent agency and the FTC is a presidential commission
D)because the SSA has fewer clientele groups than the FTC
E)because the SSA affects a smaller portion of the population than FTC policies

Question 44

Identify the major ways that the bureaucracy is held accountable by the president.

Question 45

In promoting their agency's goals,bureaucrats rely on

A)their specialized knowledge.
B)the backing of the president and Congress.
C)the support of clientele groups.
D)all of these: their expert knowledge; the backing of the president and Congress; and the support of clientele groups.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 46

________ is/are most likely to understand trade issues in the United States.

A)The president
B)Members of the Senate
C)Career bureaucrats in the Department of Commerce and the Federal Trade Commission
D)Members of the House
E)Federal mediators

Question 47

The ________ established a merit system for certain federal positions.

A)Morrill Act
B)Hatch Act
C)Pendleton Act
D)Taft-Hartley Act
E)National Performance Review

Question 48

Which of the following agencies or departments is likely to have strong allies from a group of particular states in Congress?

A)the Department of Defense
B)the Central Intelligence Agency
C)the Environmental Protection Agency
D)the Department of Agriculture
E)the Federal Trade Commission

Question 49

Identify four of the five major types of organizations within the federal bureaucracy,and give examples of each.

Question 50

Discuss the historical process by which the federal bureaucracy grew from its original size to its present size.

Question 51

Discuss three major sources of bureaucratic power.

Question 52

What "dual-use" policy is the U.S.Forest Service tasked with?

A)preserving forests for recreation,and protecting endangered species
B)preserving forests in response to environmental concerns,and coordinating with the National Park Service for creating park lands
C)serving both the interests of lumber sellers and mining interests
D)opening up forests both for logging and in response to energy concerns
E)preserving forests for environmental reasons,and opening them up for logging

Question 53

What is the "agency point of view"? Why is it important?

Question 54

Identify the major ways that the bureaucracy is held accountable by Congress.

Question 55

Studies have found that the U.S.federal bureaucracy

A)becomes far less effective as it grows over time.
B)is much less accountable than the bureaucracies of European democracies.
C)compares favorably in performance to government bureaucracies elsewhere.
D)is one of the least representative of minorities compared to others worldwide.
E)falls far short of the effectiveness of most foreign bureaucracies.

Question 56

The two main systems of bureaucratic employment are the patronage and merit systems.Describe their respective goals and the major problems associated with each system.

Question 57

At the start of the annual budget cycle,the OMB assigns each agency a budget limit based on

A)the president's directives.
B)its own projections of what is affordable.
C)the Justice Department's instructions.
D)Congressional guidelines.
E)the guidelines of the Commerce Department.