Deck 7: B: Exercise, Sleep, and Injury Control

Question 1

The hormone that helps move sugar into cells where it's used for energy is:

A) glucagon.
B) thyroxin.
C) ghrelin.
D) insulin.

Answer 1

insulin.

Question 2

Neuroimaging data demonstrate that aerobic exercise is associated with increased activity in the ____________,which predicts better ___________ functioning.

A) prefrontal cortex;cognitive
B) amygdala;emotional
C) temporal lobe;auditory
D) occipital lobe;visual

Answer 2

prefrontal cortex;cognitive

Question 3

Endurance-trained athletes preserve the length of ___________ in their ___________,which otherwise systematically decrease with aging.

A) telomeres;chromosomes
B) telomeres;white blood cells
C) DNA segments;chromosomes
D) DNA methylation;body cells

Answer 3

telomeres;white blood cells

Question 4

The fourth-leading risk factor for global mortality is:

A) physical inactivity.
B) cardiovascular disease.
C) cancer.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 5

Animal studies show that aerobic exercise promotes learning and performance by increasing ______________ in the brain,which stimulates neurogenesis.

A) temperature
B) the number of telomeres
C) white blood cell counts
D) growth factors

Question 6

Physical fitness includes each of the following components EXCEPT:

A) muscular strength.
B) low body weight.
C) endurance.
D) flexibility.

Question 7

Which of the following is a measure of cardiorespiratory endurance?

A) anaerobic capacity
B) BMR
C) VO2max
D) ambulatory blood pressure

Question 8

Strength training and sprinting short distances are examples of:

A) aerobic exercise.
B) sub-threshold exercise.
C) anaerobic exercise.
D) supra-threshold exercise.

Question 9

Brandon,a college sophomore,has high levels of blood pressure,blood-sugar,and triglycerides;excess body fat around his waist;and low HDL cholesterol.His doctor would most likely say that Brandon:

A) will "mature out" of these attributes.
B) has metabolic syndrome.
C) is doing too much resistance training as part of his exercise regimen.
D) is too sensitive to insulin.

Question 10

The recommended amount of exercise for healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 65 years is:

A) moderate aerobic activity for at least 30 minutes,three days each week.
B) intense aerobic activity for at least 15 minutes,seven days each week.
C) moderate aerobic activity for at least 60 minutes,five days each week.
D) moderate aerobic activity for at least 30 minutes,five days each week.

Question 11

One research study (Broom and others,2009)reported that levels of the hormone ____________,high levels of which stimulate _____________,were lower when participants exercised.

A) PYY;hunger
B) ghrelin;hunger
C) ghrelin;satiety
D) cortisol;satiety

Question 12

Light- to moderate-intensity exercise performed for an extended period of time is called:

A) anaerobic exercise.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) resistance training.
D) cross-fit training.

Question 13

One calorie is equivalent to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of __________ of water __________ degree Celsius.

A) 1 gram;1 degree
B) 1 ounce;2 degrees
C) 5 grams;5 degrees
D) 10 grams;10 degrees

Question 14

The closest thing we have to a fountain of youth is:

A) a healthy diet.
B) good sleep habits.
C) regular exercise.
D) state-of-the-art health care.

Question 15

The minimum number of calories the body needs to maintain bodily functions while at rest is called:

A) aerobic threshold.
B) resting metabolism.
C) caloric baseline.
D) basal metabolic rate.

Question 16

Exercise increases ____________ sensitivity,which is especially important for people living with:

A) insulin;diabetes mellitus.
B) glucose;metabolic syndrome.
C) cortisol;cardiovascular disease.
D) thyroxin;lymphoma.

Question 17

What proportion of people in the United States get the minimum recommended amount of weekly physical activity?

A) One in four
B) One in five
C) One in ten
D) One in twenty

Question 18

Osteoporosis is a disorder characterized by:

A) declining bone density due to calcium loss.
B) elevated blood pressure.
C) a weakened immune system.
D) respiratory problems.

Question 19

Regular exercise may reduce the risk of cancer by influencing:

A) T cell counts.
B) natural killer cells.
C) proinflammatory cytokines.
D) white blood cells.

Question 20

Which of the following reduces the risk of death and has a favorable influence on a person's self-image,self-esteem,and depression?

A) Anti-depressant medication
B) Stopping all use of tobacco products
C) Reducing the amount of trans fat in the diet
D) Improving one's physical fitness

Question 21

With the approach of night,a person's body temperature begins to drop.This illustrates the dynamics of the:

A) dopamine reward system.
B) REM/NREM cycle.
C) basal metabolic rate.
D) circadian rhythm.

Question 22

Sleep loss can lead to exaggerated pain perception,perhaps by increasing blood levels of:

A) ghrelin.
B) PYY.
C) cortisol.
D) interleukin-6.

Question 23

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every:

A) 30 minutes.
B) 60 minutes.
C) 90 minutes.
D) 120 minutes.

Question 24

About half of the sleep of full-term newborns is:

A) REM sleep.
B) NREM-1 sleep.
C) NREM-2 sleep.
D) NREM-3 sleep.

Question 25

The dozing,half-awake stage of sleep is:

A) NREM-1 sleep.
B) NREM-2 sleep.
C) NREM-3 sleep.
D) REM sleep.

Question 26

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with:

A) NREM-1 sleep.
B) NREM-2 sleep.
C) REM sleep.
D) sleep spindles.

Question 27

Large and very slow delta waves are especially likely to be associated with:

A) NREM-1 sleep.
B) NREM-2 sleep.
C) NREM-3 sleep.
D) REM sleep.

Question 28

Bill finds it very difficult to start an exercise program because he hates the unpleasant feelings of stiffness and sore muscles that he is sure he will experience at the beginning of each workout.Bill is evidently experiencing:

A) low exercise self-efficacy.
B) low self-esteem.
C) forecasting myopia.
D) aerobic anxiety.

Question 29

Adults who habitually sleep more than seven hours night after night:

A) have lower resting heart rates and higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness.
B) are less likely to be obese or hypertensive.
C) have lower rates of cardiovascular disease.
D) are at risk for health problems such as obesity,diabetes,and high blood pressure.

Question 30

Recent studies have suggested that neighborhood socioeconomic status influences health,in part because of:

A) differences in physical activity.
B) health disparities.
C) the decline in physical education classes.
D) low exercise self-efficacy.

Question 31

Self-efficacy refers to:

A) beliefs about one's ability to distinguish different subjective norms in different situations.
B) beliefs about one's ability to perform a certain health behavior.
C) the ability to self-regulate one's emotions.
D) a patient's attitude regarding the importance of treatment compliance.

Question 32

During the course of a full night's sleep,people are most likely to spend more time in:

A) NREM-4 sleep than in NREM-2 sleep.
B) REM sleep than in NREM-3 sleep.
C) NREM-3 sleep than in REM sleep.
D) NREM-1 sleep than in REM sleep.

Question 33

The most important factor in setting our internal 24-hour biological clock is bright light,which signals the brain's _______ to decrease its production of ______________.

A) prefrontal cortex;dopamine
B) hypothalamus;ghrelin
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus;melatonin
D) corpus callosum;PYY

Question 34

After flying from California to Maine,Francine experienced a restless,sleepless night.Her problem was probably caused by a disruption of her normal:

A) dopamine reward system.
B) circadian rhythm.
C) BMR.
D) delta waves.

Question 35

The phenomenon called social jet lag refers to the fact that people today:

A) need less sleep than their ancestors did.
B) need more sleep than their ancestors did.
C) sleep less than their counterparts did 100 years ago.
D) sleep more than their counterparts did 100 years ago.

Question 36

Adolescents today average ___________ sleep each night than that averaged by their grandparents as teenagers.

A) one hour less
B) one hour more
C) two hours less
D) three hours less

Question 37

During which stage of sleep is the brain's motor cortex active,while the muscles remain relaxed?

A) NREM-1 sleep.
B) NREM-2 sleep.
C) NREM-3 sleep.
D) REM sleep.

Question 38

Exercising too much can:

A) accelerate the loss of bone density.
B) lead to arthritis.
C) increase the risk of dying from a heart attack.
D) do none of these things,each of which is an exercise-related myth.

Question 39

Carl has decided to go to bed early.Although his eyes are closed and he's very relaxed,he has not yet fallen asleep.An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of:

A) delta waves.
B) alpha waves.
C) sleep spindles.
D) rapid eye movements.

Question 40

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called:

A) alpha waves.
B) sleep spindles.
C) delta waves.
D) K-complex waves.

Question 41

Fear,excitement,and other intense emotions originate in the ___________,which is part of the ___________.

A) prefrontal cortex;limbic system
B) amygdala;limbic system
C) hypothalamus;endocrine system
D) cingulate gyrus;central nervous system

Question 42

When compared with 18- to 23-year-olds,people 14 to 15 years of age display:

A) decreased arousal in the limbic system.
B) increased arousal in the limbic system.
C) increased arousal in the prefrontal cortex.
D) equivalent levels of arousal in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex.

Question 43

The terms injury and trauma underscore the fact that most injuries are:

A) random events.
B) unavoidable events.
C) predictable and unavoidable.
D) predictable and preventable.

Question 44

Neurogenesis refers to:

A) the damaging neural effects of chronic sleep loss.
B) the suppressed immunity that accompanies sleep loss.
C) the formation of new nerve cells during sleep.
D) All of these refer to neurogenesis.

Question 45

A key factor in why adolescents and young adults are prone to unintentional injury is:

A) poor decision making.
B) slow reflexes.
C) immature visual acuity.
D) the slow pace at which the brain's limbic system matures.

Question 46

Emotional regulation,impulse control,and thoughtful analysis occur in the brain's:

A) prefrontal cortex.
B) amygdala.
C) hypothalamus.
D) cingulate gyrus.

Question 47

Sleep loss may contribute to the development of diabetes because it promotes:

A) insulin resistance.
B) insulin sensitivity.
C) chronic inflammation.
D) neurogenesis.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT one of the preventive measures aimed at reducing motor vehicle accidents caused by poor decision making in young drivers?

A) graduated drivers licensing
B) restricted night driving
C) driver "buddy systems"
D) no teenage passengers

Question 49

The most prevalent type of injury resulting in death among adolescents and young adults is:

A) homicide.
B) suicide.
C) motor vehicle accidents.
D) falling.

Question 50

Cardiometabolic disease is a complex of chronic conditions that include:

A) cancer,cardiovascular disease,and diabetes.
B) cancer,cardiovascular disease,and obesity.
C) cardiovascular disease,diabetes,and obesity.
D) diabetes,obesity,and immunodeficiency.

Question 51

Between ages 55 and 54,____________ causes the most injury-related fatalities.

A) poisoning
B) motor-vehicle crashes
C) suicides
D) homicides

Question 52

The low rate of ____________ between ages 18 and 25 is offset by a high rate of ___________.

A) unintentional injury;chronic illness
B) chronic illness;violent deaths
C) violent deaths;chronic illness
D) chronic illness;acute illness

Question 53

The __________ areas of the brain develop ahead of the ______________ areas.

A) analytic;executive
B) executive;analytic
C) impulse control;emotional
D) emotional;executive

Question 54

Most deaths caused by falling are classified as __________ because ___________.

A) unintentional injuries;the injured person didn't intend for it to happen
B) intentional injuries;they are,in fact,suicides
C) intentional injuries;they could have been prevented
D) unintentional injuries;they are predictable and preventable

Question 55

Most unintentional deaths from poisoning are caused by ________,especially _________.

A) household chemicals;drain cleaning products
B) recreational drugs;methamphetamine
C) drugs;prescription painkillers
D) food-borne agents;E.coli

Question 56

The leading cause of death among people between ages 1 and 44 is:

A) cardiovascular disease.
B) cancer.
C) unintentional injury.
D) AIDS.

Question 57

The most common method of suicide among males is ___________,and the most common method among females is _____________.

A) firearms;firearms
B) firearms;poisoning
C) poisoning;poisoning
D) poisoning;firearms

Question 58

Poor sleep promotes increased body weight by triggering:

A) an increase in the hormone ghrelin and a decrease in the hormone leptin.
B) a decrease in the hormone ghrelin and an increase in the hormone leptin.
C) an increase in both ghrelin and leptin.
D) a decrease in both ghrelin and leptin.

Question 59

A persistent problem in falling or staying asleep is called:

A) apnea.
B) narcolepsy.
C) insomnia.
D) a sleep disparity.

Question 60

Among younger age groups,_____________ are the leading cause of death;among older age groups,____________ are the leading cause of death.

A) external causes;chronic conditions
B) external causes;external causes
C) chronic conditions;external causes
D) chronic conditions;chronic conditions

Question 61

The second leading cause of unintentional injury deaths worldwide is:

A) overexertion.
B) cutting or piercing.
C) poisoning.
D) falling.

Question 62

Cutting,self-administered tattoos,and inserting objects under the skiing are examples of:

A) non-suicidal self-injury.
B) pre-suicidal self-destruction.
C) suicide gesturing.
D) unintentional self-injury.