Question 1

The most important factor in setting our internal 24-hour biological clock is bright light,which signals the brain's _______ to decrease its production of ______________.&#10;A) prefrontal cortex;dopamine&#10;B) hypothalamus;ghrelin&#10;C) suprachiasmatic nucleus;melatonin&#10;D) corpus callosum;PYY

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the part of the brain that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is responsible for setting our internal 24-hour biological clock. Bright light is the most important factor in setting this clock, as it signals the SCN to decrease its production of melatonin. The other choices (prefrontal cortex, dopamine, hypothalamus, ghrelin, corpus callosum, and PYY) are unrelated to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles and are therefore incorrect.

Question 2

The phenomenon called social jet lag refers to the fact that people:&#10;A) need less sleep today than their ancestors did.&#10;B) need more sleep today than their ancestors did.&#10;C) sleep less than their counterparts did 100 years ago.&#10;D) sleep more than their counterparts did 100 years ago.

Accepted Answer

Social jet lag refers to the discrepancy between an individual's biological clock and their social clock, often leading to reduced sleep duration compared to past generations.

Question 3

Which of the following is a key factor in why adolescents and young adults are prone to unintentional injury?&#10;A) Poor decision making.&#10;B) Slow reflexes.&#10;C) Immature visual acuity.&#10;D) The slow pace at which the brain's limbic system matures.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents and young adults are prone to poor decision making, which can lead to engaging in risky behaviors and increased likelihood of unintentional injury. While the other factors listed (slow reflexes, immature visual acuity, slow limbic system maturation) may also contribute, poor decision making is the key factor.

Question 4

Among older age groups,_____________ are the leading cause of death;among younger age groups,____________ are the leading cause of death.&#10;A) external causes;chronic conditions&#10;B) external causes;external causes&#10;C) chronic conditions;external causes&#10;D) chronic conditions;chronic conditions

Accepted Answer

According to statistical data, chronic conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke are the leading cause of death among older age groups. On the other hand, external causes including accidents and suicides are the leading cause of death among younger age groups. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate answer.

Question 5

Most injuries are:&#10;A) random events.&#10;B) unavoidable events.&#10;C) predictable and unavoidable.&#10;D) predictable and preventable.

Accepted Answer

Most injuries are predictable and preventable, meaning that they can be anticipated and avoided by taking proper precautions and safety measures. This includes things like wearing protective gear, following safety guidelines, and being aware of potential risks. While there are some injuries that may be random or unavoidable, the majority can be prevented through proactive measures.

Question 6

After flying from California to Maine,Joe experienced a restless,sleepless night.Joe's difficulty was most likely caused by a disruption of his:&#10;A) dopamine reward system.&#10;B) circadian rhythm.&#10;C) BMR.&#10;D) delta waves.

Accepted Answer

Joe's difficulty sleeping after flying across the country suggests a disruption of his circadian rhythm, which controls the body's sleep/wake cycle. This disruption is a common experience known as jet lag. Options A, C, and D are unrelated.

Question 7

Aerobic exercise is associated with increased activity in the ____________,which predicts better ___________ functioning.&#10;A) amygdala;emotional&#10;B) prefrontal cortex;cognitive&#10;C) temporal lobe;auditory&#10;D) occipital lobe;visual

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is associated with cognitive functioning, including attention, planning, and decision-making skills. Research has shown that aerobic exercise can increase activity in the prefrontal cortex, which can lead to improvements in these cognitive functions. The other options, such as the amygdala (associated with emotions) and the temporal and occipital lobes (associated with auditory and visual processing, respectively), are not as strongly linked to the cognitive improvements seen with aerobic exercise.

Question 8

The recommended minimum amount of moderate aerobic exercise for healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 65 years is:&#10;A) 30 minutes,three days each week.&#10;B) 15 minutes,seven days each week.&#10;C) 30 minutes,five days each week.&#10;D) 60 minutes,five days each week.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The recommended minimum amount of moderate aerobic...

Question 9

During the course of a full night's sleep,people are most likely to spend more time in:&#10;A) NREM-4 sleep than in NREM-2 sleep.&#10;B) REM sleep than in NREM-3 sleep.&#10;C) NREM-3 sleep than in REM sleep.&#10;D) NREM-1 sleep than in REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

During a full night's sleep, people spend more time in REM sleep than in NREM-3 sleep. REM sleep periods increase in duration in the later sleep cycles, while NREM-3 sleep, also known as deep sleep, decreases in duration as the night progresses.

Question 10

The __________ areas of the brain develop ahead of the ______________ areas.&#10;A) analytic;executive&#10;B) executive;analytic&#10;C) impulse control;emotional&#10;D) emotional;executive

Accepted Answer

The emotional areas of the brain, such as the amygdala, develop ahead of the executive areas, such as the prefrontal cortex. This is why teenagers and young adults may struggle with impulse control and decision-making, as their emotional responses may often overwhelm their ability to reason and think logically.

Question 11

Neighborhood socioeconomic status is associated with health disparities,in part because of:&#10;A) differences in physical activity.&#10;B) health disparities.&#10;C) the decline in physical education classes.&#10;D) low exercise self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neighborhood socioeconomic status is associated with health...

Question 12

Exercise increases ____________ sensitivity,which is crucial for people living with _________.&#10;A) glucose;metabolic syndrome&#10;B) cortisol;cardiovascular disease&#10;C) insulin;diabetes mellitus&#10;D) thyroxin;lymphoma

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exercise increases ____________ sensitivity,which is crucial for...

Question 13

Fear,excitement,and other intense emotions originate in the ___________,which is part of the ___________.&#10;A) prefrontal cortex;limbic system&#10;B) amygdala;limbic system&#10;C) hypothalamus;endocrine system&#10;D) cingulate gyrus;central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fear,excitement,and other intense emotions originate in the...

Question 14

Regis has decided to go to bed early.Although his eyes are closed and he's very relaxed,he has not yet fallen asleep.An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of:&#10;A) delta waves.&#10;B) alpha waves.&#10;C) sleep spindles.&#10;D) rapid eye movements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regis has decided to go to bed...

Question 15

In terms of lifestyle behaviors,the closest thing to a fountain of youth is:&#10;A) a healthy diet.&#10;B) regular exercise.&#10;C) good sleep habits.&#10;D) state-of-the-art health care.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of lifestyle behaviors,the closest thing...

Deck 7: A: Exercise, Sleep, and Injury Control