Question 1

Which is NOT a part of the specific immune response?&#10;A) B cells&#10;B) NK cells&#10;C) T cells&#10;D) Immunoglobulins

Accepted Answer

NK cells are a part of the innate immune response, not the specific immune response.

Question 2

The division of the nervous system that prepares the body for &#34;fight or flight&#34; is the:&#10;A) central.&#10;B) peripheral.&#10;C) sympathetic.&#10;D) parasympathetic.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division of the nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for "fight or flight" response in potentially dangerous situations. It increases heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure and decreases digestion and other non-essential bodily functions.

Question 3

The _______ helps govern the endocrine system by way of the pituitary gland.&#10;A) hypothalamus&#10;B) thalamus&#10;C) hippocampus&#10;D) amygdala

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a key player in controlling many of the body's vital functions, including the endocrine system. It communicates with the pituitary gland to regulate the release of hormones throughout the body. The other options (thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala) are important brain structures but do not have direct involvement in the regulation of the endocrine system.

Question 4

The most common chronic childhood disease in the United States today is:&#10;A) hypertension.&#10;B) asthma.&#10;C) obesity.&#10;D) congenital deafness.

Accepted Answer

Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease in the United States, affecting approximately 1 in 10 children. Hypertension and obesity are also significant health issues for children, but they are not as prevalent as asthma. Congenital deafness, while a serious condition, is not as common as asthma either.

Question 5

The lymphatic system consists of:&#10;A) capillaries,lymph nodes,and bone marrow.&#10;B) bone marrow,thymus,and tonsils.&#10;C) capillaries,lymph nodes,and lymph ducts.&#10;D) tonsils,spleen,and lymph ducts.

Accepted Answer

The lymphatic system consists of capillaries, lymph nodes, and lymph ducts. While bone marrow and the spleen play a role in the immune system, they are not considered part of the lymphatic system. The thymus and tonsils are also part of the immune system but are not major components of the lymphatic system.

Question 6

Which part of the endocrine system secretes hormones that arouse the body during moments of stress?&#10;A) pituitary gland&#10;B) thyroid gland&#10;C) adrenal glands&#10;D) pancreas

Accepted Answer

The adrenal glands are responsible for secreting hormones that activate the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the body for the "fight or flight" response during moments of stress.

Question 7

________ are a part of the body's immune system that patrols the body for diseased cells like virus-infected and cancer cells.&#10;A) Macrophages&#10;B) Phagocytes&#10;C) Histamines&#10;D) Natural Killer (NK)cells

Accepted Answer

Natural Killer (NK) cells are specialized immune cells that can recognize and eliminate abnormal cells, such as virus-infected or cancer cells. NK cells are a type of lymphocyte that function as part of the innate immune system, meaning they respond quickly to foreign invaders without requiring prior exposure or activation. Macrophages and phagocytes are also part of the innate immune system, but they primarily function by engulfing and destroying foreign substances. Histamines are chemicals released by immune cells during an allergic reaction or in response to injury or infection, and they can cause inflammation and other immune responses. However, histamines are not specifically involved in patrolling for diseased cells like NK cells are.

Question 8

Groupings of neuron cell bodies that run along the spinal cord and connect to the body's internal organs are known as:&#10;A) dendrites.&#10;B) motor neurons.&#10;C) ganglia.&#10;D) reticular formations.

Accepted Answer

Groupings of neuron cell bodies that run along the spinal cord and connect to the body's internal organs are known as ganglia. Dendrites receive information, motor neurons transmit information, and reticular formations are networks of neurons involved in regulating arousal and attention.

Question 9

The first region of the vertebrate brain to evolve was the:&#10;A) thalamus.&#10;B) medulla.&#10;C) brainstem.&#10;D) cerebrum.

Accepted Answer

The brainstem is the most primitive region of the vertebrate brain and is believed to have evolved first. It includes the medulla, pons, and midbrain. The thalamus and cerebrum evolved later in more advanced vertebrates.

Question 10

The _______ cortex integrates multisensory information and higher mental functions such as thinking and speaking.&#10;A) sensory&#10;B) association&#10;C) motor&#10;D) cerebral

Accepted Answer

The association cortex is responsible for integrating multisensory information and higher mental functions such as thinking and speaking. The sensory cortex is responsible for processing sensory information and the motor cortex is responsible for controlling movement. The cerebral cortex refers to the outer layer of the brain and includes all of these regions.

Question 11

Which is a correct statement about human genetics?&#10;A) Genes alone determine most human characteristics.&#10;B) Genes that determine height and skin color interact in a nonadditive fashion.&#10;C) When one dominant gene determines a trait,the gene is said to act in a nonadditive fashion.&#10;D) The sum total of all the genes present in an individual form the phenotype.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is a correct statement about human...

Question 12

This part of the brain makes us uniquely human.&#10;A) sensory cortex&#10;B) cerebral cortex&#10;C) association cortex&#10;D) motor cortex

Accepted Answer

The answer of This part of the brain makes us...

Question 13

The network of neurons surrounding the central core of the brain that includes the hypothalamus,amygdala,and hippocampus is the:&#10;A) cerebrum.&#10;B) limbic system.&#10;C) brainstem.&#10;D) cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The network of neurons surrounding the central...

Question 14

The ________ system is the body's transportation system.&#10;A) digestive&#10;B) reproductive&#10;C) cardiovascular&#10;D) immune

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ system is the body's transportation...

Question 15

The stomach empties its contents into the small and large intestines about __________ hour(s)after eating.&#10;A) 1&#10;B) 2&#10;C) 4&#10;D) 6

Accepted Answer

The answer of The stomach empties its contents into the...

Deck 3: A: Biological Foundations of Health and Illness