Deck 6: Population Health in Canada

Question 1

Calculation of a prevalence rate excludes which group of people?

A) The number of new cases in a population in a given period of time.
B) The number of existing cases in the population in a given period of time.
C) The number of new and existing cases in the population in a given period of time.
D) The number of recovered and deceased cases in the population in a given period of time.

Answer 1

The number of recovered and deceased cases in the population in a given period of time.

Question 2

The basis of the case-control study is on):

A) The experimental study design.
B) The survey study design.
C) Exposure to the suspected risk factor.
D) Manifestation of the disease.

Answer 2

Manifestation of the disease.

Question 3

Examining health at the population level makes what assumption?

A) That mortality is randomly distributed across the population.
B) That disease is not randomly distributed across the population.
C) That everyone has an equal chance of dying.
D) That people are just a likely to die from cancer as they are to die from cardiac diseases.

Answer 3

That disease is not randomly distributed across the population.

Question 4

Epidemiology is the study of:

A) The skin epidermis)
B) The distribution of disease across a population
C) Direct measures of health
D) The environmental factors linked to health status.

Question 5

Number of physicians would be considered which type of population health measure?

A) Direct measure of health
B) Indirect measure of health
C) Proxy measure of health
D) Number of physicians is not a measure of population health

Question 6

According to the Health Impact Pyramid by Freidon 2010), which factor will have the largest impact on the overall health of the population?

A) Counselling and education
B) Clinical interventions
C) Long-lasting protective interventions
D) Changing the context to make individuals' default decisions healthy
E) Socioeconomic factors

Question 7

Which of the following factors is NOT included in the Canadian Index of Well-Being?

A) Civic engagement
B) Arts, culture, and recreation
C) Disease prevalence
D) Living standards and income

Question 8

Exercise would be considered which type of population health measure?

A) Direct measure of health
B) Indirect measure of health
C) Proxy measure of health
D) The rate of smoking is not a measure of population health

Question 9

Smoking would be considered which type of population health measure?

A) Direct measure of health
B) Indirect measure of health
C) Proxy measure of health
D) The rate of smoking is not a measure of population health

Question 10

How is incidence different from prevalence?

A) Prevalence is the number of new cases; incidence is the total number of cases.
B) Incidence is the total number of new cases over a particular point in time; prevalence is the number of new cases over a particular time period.
C) Prevalence is the total number of cases over a particular time period; incidence is the total number of new cases within a period of time.
D) Incidence is the total number of cases with psychiatric illness over a particular time period; prevalence is the total number of cases with physical illness or psychiatric illness over a particular time period.

Question 11

What is meant by the term "ecological fallacy"?

A) The disregard for the ecology of the situation in which a disease occurs.
B) The inferring to individuals based on findings at a population health level.
C) The failure to study the interaction between the environment and the organism.
D) The inability for clinicians to clearly identify the presence of a disease.

Question 12

According to the textbook:

A) Morbidity refers to the distribution of "wellness" in the population.
B) The term morbid refers to a "morose" or "gloomy" subject. For example, people who are preoccupied with dying may be said to have a morbid curiosity of death.
C) Morbidity refers to the distribution of disease in the population.
D) Morbidity refers to the death rate of the population.

Question 13

Which statistic is the fundamental basis of epidemiology?

A) Rate
B) Frequency
C) Average
D) Correlation

Question 14

The basis of the cohort study is on):

A) The experimental study design.
B) The survey study design.
C) Exposure to the suspected risk factor.
D) Manifestation of the disease.

Question 15

Which type of measure of health is the most useful?

A) Direct measures of health
B) Indirect measures of health
C) Proxy measures of health
D) All measures have limitations

Question 16

The incidence rate refers to:

A) The number of new cases of disease in a population.
B) The number of existing cases of disease in the population.
C) The number of new and existing cases of disease in the population.
D) The number of those who recovered and those who are deceased in the population due to the disease.

Question 17

The prevalence rate refers to:

A) The number of new cases in a population.
B) The number of existing cases in the population.
C) The number of new and existing cases in the population.
D) The number of recovered and deceased cases in the population.

Question 18

Average life expectancy would be considered which type of population health measure?

A) Direct measure of health
B) Indirect measure of health
C) Proxy measure of health
D) Average life expectancy is not a measure of population health

Question 19

Percentage of people who report having a regular family doctor would be what type of measure of population health?

A) Proxy measure of health
B) Direct measure of health
C) Indirect measure of health
D) Fallacy measure of health

Question 20

The measures taken in the Canadian Health Measures Survey CHMS) would be classified under which type of population health measure?

A) Direct measures of health
B) Indirect measures of health
C) Proxy measures of health
D) The CHMS is not a population health survey but a survey of individual health status

Question 21

The benefits) of conducting a case-control study include:

A) Cost efficiency
B) Ability to identify causality
C) Ability to identify time of events
D) Cost efficiency and the ability to identify causality

Question 22

Discuss the differences between direct, indirect and proxy measures of health and provide an example of each. Which of these provides the best measure of health?

Question 23

The sample selection of participants for a cohort study design is selected across:

A) Disease status
B) Exposure status
C) Regional status
D) Case status

Question 24

Which of the following components do NOT contribute to an increase in population age?

A) Declining birthrate
B) Increasing life expectancy
C) Increasing immigration
D) All contribute to an increase in population age

Question 25

Discuss what is meant by the multiple-jeopardy hypothesis and why it is important to consider when examining health status.

Question 26

When we adjust for health status, the gap in life expectancy between males and females:

A) Declines.
B) Increases.
C) Remains constant.
D) Inverts where males live longer than females.

Question 27

Define what is meant by an incidence rate and a prevalence rate and when it would be appropriate to use one or the other.

Question 28

Which statement best describes the epidemiologic transition with respect to causes of mortality in Canada?

A) Historically, most people in Canada died due to accidents and unintentional injuries.
B) There was a gradual transition from infectious diseases to accidents and unintentional injuries as the leading causes of death as life expectancy increases.
C) Today, most people die as a result of chronic diseases.
D) Today, accidents and unintentional injuries are the leading causes of death in Canada.

Question 29

Which is the most correct statement about the "healthy immigrant effect" whereby immigrants have better health than Canadian-born individuals?

A) It is a fallacy.
B) It appears to decline over time.
C) It is only applicable to immigrants from Asia.
D) It is only applicable to immigrants from Africa.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT an achieved characteristic?

A) Age
B) Education
C) Income
D) Occupation
E) All are achieved characteristics

Question 31

Which province has the largest percentage of settlement among new immigrants?

A) Alberta
B) British Columbia
C) Ontario
D) Quebec

Question 32

Which group comprises the largest source of new immigrants to Canada today?

A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) United States of America

Question 33

What are the three different types of population health measures?