Deck 13: Dynamics of Behavior in Organizations

Question 1

Organizations don't want to lose talented, highly skilled workers, so they try to create an atmosphere of job satisfaction.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization refers to organizational commitment.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

As a general rule, changing one component of an attitude can contribute to an overall change in attitude.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

When Paul remarks, "I love my classes this semester," it reflects the cognitive element of attitude.

Question 5

A condition in which two attitudes or a behavior and an attitude conflict is called intra-organization conflict.

Question 6

The link between satisfaction and performance, according to research, is generally small and is affected by other factors.

Question 7

A positive attitude towards one's job is called cognitive attitude.

Question 8

One important step for managers is recognizing and understanding the components of attitudes, which is important when attempting to change attitudes.

Question 9

Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations.

Question 10

Job satisfaction is work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success.

Question 11

The process by which individuals screen and select the various stimuli that vie for their attention refers to stimulus selectivity.

Question 12

Proximity is the tendency to group sensory data because they are alike in some way.

Question 13

Advertising is an obvious application of selective perception.

Question 14

A halo blinds the perceiver to other attributes that should be used in generating a more complete assessment.

Question 15

Organizing the selected data into patterns for interpretation and response is the last step in the perception process.

Question 16

The concepts and principles of OB are important to managers because in every organization human being ultimately make the decision that controls how the organization will acquire and use resources.

Question 17

Attribution is the cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information.

Question 18

Recency supports the old truism that first impressions really do count.

Question 19

An organization's most valuable resource is its people.

Question 20

Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success, refers to organizational achievement.

Question 21

Self-management is being aware of what you are feeling.

Question 22

According to one recent book, the secret to success in work and life is likability.

Question 23

According to research, seven in ten top executives test out to be introverts.

Question 24

People with an external locus of control are harder to motivate but easier to lead.

Question 25

The degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, and comfortable with interpersonal relationships is called extroversion.

Question 26

From attributions viewpoint, if the behavior is in consensus, the perceiver will probably respond to similar situations in the same way.

Question 27

Agreeableness refers to the degree to which a person is sociable, talkative, assertive, and comfortable with interpersonal relationships.

Question 28

The degree to which a person is calm, enthusiastic, and self-confident, rather than tense, depressed, moody, or insecure is emotional stability.

Question 29

The degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, likable, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting is agreeableness.

Question 30

People have a high external locus of control when they feel in control of their own fate.

Question 31

The degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, and comfortable with interpersonal relationships is called openness to experience.

Question 32

Social awareness is the ability to connect to others, build positive relationships, respond to the emotions of others, and influence others.

Question 33

Teresa is highly imaginative and an artistically sensitive individual who displays a high degree of creativity. According to the Big Five personality factors, these qualities describe her openness to experience.

Question 34

From attributions viewpoint, if the behavior is distinctive, the perceiver probably will make an internal attribution.

Question 35

Authoritarianism is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization.

Question 36

The degree to which a person is focused on a few goals, thus behaving in ways that are responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented is conscientiousness.

Question 37

The tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people refers to attribution.

Question 38

People give themselves too much credit for what they do well and give external forces too much blame when they fail refers to the self-serving bias.

Question 39

Machiavellianism is the tendency to direct much on one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of other people for purely personal gain.

Question 40

The degree to which a person is calm, enthusiastic, and self-confident, rather than tense, depressed, moody, or insecure is emotional stability.

Question 41

A person with a converger learning style type is good at generating ideas and seeing a situation from multiple perspectives.

Question 42

A person with a diverger learning style type is good at generating ideas and seeing a situation from multiple perspectives.

Question 43

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a personality test that measures a person's preference for introversion vs. extroversion, sensation vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and judging vs. perceiving.

Question 44

Enlightened companies support healthy habits to help people manage stress and be more productive.

Question 45

The Sensation-Thinking style prefers dealing with theoretical or technical problems.

Question 46

A change in behavior or performance that occurs as the result of experience refers to learning.

Question 47

According to Jung, people who would prefer to work with known facts and hard data and prefer routine and order in gathering information are called intuitive-type people.

Question 48

Organizations that want to challenge their employees and stay competitive can easily be stress-free.

Question 49

When the level of stress is high relative to a person's coping resources, stress can be a positive force, stimulating desirable change and achievement.

Question 50

A person with an assimilator learning style type is good at inductive reasoning and creating theoretical models.

Question 51

The second stage in the learning process cycle is a concrete experience.

Question 52

Role ambiguity is defined as uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role.

Question 53

Low Machs are particularly good in jobs that require bargaining skills or that involve substantial rewards for winning.

Question 54

According to research, an individual's personality has no affect on how they respond to stressors.

Question 55

Researchers have identified four fundamental learning styles labeled Diverger, Assimilator, Converger, and Accommodator.

Question 56

Concrete experience is the first stage in the learning process cycle.

Question 57

Extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work are included in Type B behavior pattern.

Question 58

Experience is the gradual change in behavior or performance that occurs as the result of learning.

Question 59

A person with an accommodator learning style type is good at implementing decisions and carrying out plans.

Question 60

Person-job fit is the extent to which a person's ability and personality matches the requirements of a job.

Question 61

Which of the following refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success?

A) Job satisfaction
B) Organizational citizenship
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Job involvement
E) Organizational Commitment

Question 62

____ is the process by which individuals screen and select the various objects and stimuli that vie for their attention.

A) Person-job fit
B) Perceptual selectivity
C) Organizational citizenry
D) Projection
E) Perceptual grouping

Question 63

Which of the following describes the last step in the perception process?

A) Observing information
B) Screening the information
C) Selecting what to process
D) Organizing the selected data into patterns
E) Transmitting the observed information

Question 64

An evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way is called a(n)

A) attitude.
B) authoritarianism.
C) perception.
D) projection.
E) personality.

Question 65

Which of the following is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then to attribute widely held generalizations about the group to the individual?

A) Stereotyping
B) Projection
C) Figure-ground
D) The halo effect
E) Perceptual defense

Question 66

The ____ is the beliefs, opinions, and information a person has about the object of an attitude.

A) affective component
B) feeling component
C) cognitive component
D) behavioral component
E) dissonance aspect of attitude

Question 67

Roy is a top executive at a cigarette manufacturing company who believes that cigarettes are dangerous products and they kill people. This condition can be described as

A) job involvement.
B) extroversion.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) Machiavellianism.
E) job satisfaction.

Question 68

Kendall, a senior at Morgan University, believes that it is okay to get at "B" but more important to learn in a class than get an easy "A" without learning. Kendall's belief reflects which component of attitude?

A) Behavior
B) Affect
C) Dissonance
D) Feeling
E) Cognitions

Question 69

People generally experience ____ when their work matches their needs and interests, when working conditions and rewards (such as pay) are satisfactory, and when the employees like their co-workers.

A) job involvement
B) extroversion
C) cognitive dissonance
D) Machiavellianism
E) job satisfaction

Question 70

The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is called

A) selective retention.
B) dissonance.
C) attitude.
D) perception.
E) personality.

Question 71

____ is defined as a positive attitude toward one's job.

A) Occupation approval
B) Career fulfillment
C) Job satisfaction
D) Organizational happiness
E) Organizational commitment

Question 72

Daily flextime is considered by many employees to be the most effective work-life practice.

Question 73

____ refers to loyalty to the heavy involvement in the organization.

A) Organization citizenship
B) Job satisfaction
C) Dissonance
D) Organizational commitment
E) Job involvement

Question 74

When Bonnie remarks that she loves the classes she is taking this semester, it refers to which component of attitude?

A) Knowledge
B) Behavior
C) Dissonance
D) Affect
E) Cognitions

Question 75

An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations is called

A) sociology.
B) vocational counseling.
C) cultural anthropology.
D) psychology.
E) organizational behavior.

Question 76

____ supports the old truism that first impressions are important.

A) Contrast
B) Values and beliefs
C) Primacy
D) Personality
E) Recency

Question 77

An overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable, is an example of

A) projection.
B) the halo effect.
C) perceptual defense.
D) stereotyping.
E) attribution.

Question 78

Research shows that the link between ____ and ____ is small and is influenced by other factors.

A) satisfaction; performance
B) stress; work
C) stress; home
D) stress; performance
E) satisfaction; personality

Question 79

____ refers to a positive attitude towards one's job.

A) Organizational citizenship
B) Job satisfaction
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Organizational commitment
E) Job involvement

Question 80

Doug wants to look his best when he goes for interviewing. He is focusing on which of these perceiver's characteristics?

A) Contrast
B) Personality
C) Needs and motivation
D) Primacy
E) Recency