Deck 29: Genomics and Precision Medicine

Question 1

In future,medical schools will have to adapt their education to include _______ to better equip physicians to interpret precision medicine data.

A)anatomy
B)bioinformatics
C)pharmacology
D)biochemistry

Answer 1

bioinformatics

Question 2

Which of the following is not a side effect of current CAR T cell therapies?

A)headaches
B)neurotoxicity
C)eventual tumor resistance
D)inflammatory response

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The age of precision medicine comes with many legal and ethical issues.Evaluate the current hurdles to personalized medicine becoming common place.

Answer 3

There are several hurdles that precision medicine must overcome to be more accessible.One is the logistics of storing and readily accessing the medical records and genomic information of patients.Very few hospitals and practitioners currently have the information technology to handle the data.Second is the legal and ethical issues that surround patient confidentiality and the sharing of records to improve the accuracy and usefulness of precision medicine.

Question 4

One method to target the immune system of a patient to a cancer cell that it is nonresponsive to is the use of _______.

A)WGS
B)SNPs
C)VNTRs
D)CARs

Question 5

Cancer cells have developed a mechanism to repress T cell response to neoantigens.Present a method that would allow restoration of the T cell response when the response is halted at a checkpoint.

Question 6

Immunotherapies seek to take advantage of _______in treating cancers.

A)a patient's own cancer cells
B)a patient's own SNPs
C)a patient's own immune system
D)a patient's own genome

Question 7

Precision medicine is_______ .

A)an approach that uses individual and molecular information to direct treatment
B)an approach that applies precise treatment to a large population
C)an approach that uses "- omics" data to determine treatment for large populations
D)an approach that maximizes the cost/benefit to a sizable population of patients

Question 8

Using "- omics" data prior to designing a treatment for patients is the goal of _______.

A)precision medicine
B)classic medicine
C)neopharmaceuticals
D)next generation medicine

Question 9

Describe the structural differences between endogenous T cell receptors and CAR T cell receptors.

Question 10

Chimeric antigen receptors are engineered surface receptors on autologous T cells.Describe how CARs provide a method of targeting cancer cells.

Question 11

Adoptive cell transfer uses autologous cells.What does autologous cells?

A)cells that are automatically expressing chimeric receptors
B)cells are taken from a donor other than the patient
C)cells are taken from the patient,augmented,and then reinfused to the patient
D)automatically made

Question 12

Neoantigens are_______ .

A)mutations that are silent
B)mutations that result in cancer
C)mutated proteins expressed in the cytosol of cancer cells
D)mutated proteins expressed on the outer membrane of cancer cells

Question 13

All of the following are ways tumors avoid immune response EXCEPT _______.

A)the presence of regulatory T cells
B)the use of endocytosis to destroy T cells
C)the use of checkpoint molecules
D)abnormal expression of MHC

Question 14

In order to take advantage of adoptive cell therapies,the tumor must be biopsied and the tumor infiltrating leukocytes are_______ for reactivity and then cultured _______prior to being reinfused into the patient.

A)screened; in vitro
B)mutated; in vitro
C)screened; in vivo
D)mutated; in vivo

Question 15

Personalized medicine is_______ .

A)based on an average of molecular profiles
B)used to design treatments for multiple patients
C)a subset of precision medicine
D)involves screening drugs on individual patients

Question 16

Immune system cells that are responsible for the recognizing neoantigens and targeting tumors are called_______ .

A)monocytes
B)macrophages
C)regulatory T cells
D)tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes

Question 17

Targeted drugs are therapeutics designed to_______ .

A)treat a large class of diseases
B)treat a specific disease based on the efficacy of the drug in a large population
C)treat only one person
D)treat a specific disease based on the efficacy of the drug in a small population

Question 18

One method for determining if a targeted drug will be effective is to perform a FISH assay on a biopsy of the diseased tissue.How does FISH demonstrate potential efficacy of the drug?

Question 19

A patient suffering from an unknown cancer is being treated with standard chemotherapy.Describe how personalized medicine could potentially help treat this individual.

Question 20

Mutations in the proteins that are involved in drug metabolism are of immense importance in personalized medicine.Explain how being aware of mutations in the gene CYP2D6 can affect a physician's treatment plan for an individual.