Deck 8: Motivating Followers

Question 1

Define and explain Theory X-Theory Y view of human nature and motivation developed by Douglas McGregor.

Answer 1

Under Theory X,the four assumptions held by managers are that: employees inherently dislike work;they must be coerced to achieve desired goals;they will shirk responsibilities;and most workers will display little ambition.Theory Y's assumptions are that: employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play;they will exercise self-direction and self-control,learn to accept (even seek)responsibility,and make good decisions.

Question 2

Frederick Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory states that the opposite of satisfaction is dissatisfaction.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The motivation-hygiene theory is concerned with ________.

A)self-esteem needs
B)job satisfaction
C)positive reinforcement
D)affiliation needs
E)self-actualization

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Motivation is defined as the willingness to do something conditioned upon the action's ability to satisfy ________.

A)an individual motive
B)an individual need
C)an individual plan
D)an individual hierarchical need
E)an individual intention

Question 5

Frederick Herzberg stated that when characteristics such as salary and working conditions are adequate,people will ________.

A)experience self-actualization
B)be highly motivated
C)be neither dissatisfied nor satisfied
D)experience positive reinforcement
E)experience a high degree of achievement

Question 6

People differ in the degree to which they like or dislike themselves.This trait is called ________.

A)locus of control
B)egotism
C)self-esteem
D)self-actualization
E)narcissism

Question 7

Emotional intelligence consists of ________ that may help a supervisor cope with the daily demands and pressures of the workplace.

A)ability to understand
B)ability to empathize
C)ability to be decisive
D)five dimensions
E)four dimensions

Question 8

Supervisors are likely to have higher-performing and more satisfied employees if they match ________ with compatible jobs.

A)work skills
B)aptitudes
C)perseverance
D)personality types
E)work schedules

Question 9

Which personality trait shows considerable adaptability in adjusting behavior to external situational factors?

A)locus of control
B)self-monitoring
C)risk propensity
D)Machiavellianism
E)willingness to take chances

Question 10

Identify and explain the five types of personality characteristics that have been singled out as having relevance to understanding the behavior and motivation of employees at work.

Question 11

A physiological or psychological deficiency that makes certain outcomes seem attractive is a ________.

A)motive
B)reward
C)want
D)need
E)desire

Question 12

Under Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,self-respect,autonomy and achievement would be included in which level of needs?

A)self-actualization
B)esteem
C)physiological
D)social
E)safety

Question 13

Identify and explain the hierarchy of needs theory developed by Abraham Maslow.

Question 14

Individuals high in self-monitoring show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external situational factors.

Question 15

In the ________ view of human nature and motivation,Douglas McGregor proposed that managers assume employees view work as being as natural as rest or play.

A)expectancy theory of motivation
B)Theory Y
C)Theory Z
D)equity theory of motivation
E)Theory X

Question 16

People differ in their willingness to take chances.Individuals who make more rapid decisions and use less information in making choices exhibit high ________.

A)tolerance levels
B)people skills
C)self-esteem
D)risk propensity
E)leadership aspirations

Question 17

When we see employees working hard at some activity,we can conclude they are driven by a desire to satisfy one or more needs that they value.

Question 18

A manipulative person who believes in the philosophy "the end justifies the means" and is viewed by some as being ruthless,exhibits tendencies of ________.

A)egotism
B)narcissism
C)selfishness
D)Machiavellianism
E)conceit

Question 19

Studies show employees who rate high in externality are more satisfied with their jobs,less alienated from the work setting,and more involved in their jobs than internals.

Question 20

Which of the following is the lowest need in A.H.Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

A)self-actualization
B)esteem
C)physiological
D)safety
E)psychological

Question 21

In developed countries ________ percent of the workforce is made up of high achievers.

A)50 to 60
B)30 to 40
C)More than 80
D)10 to 20
E)5

Question 22

According to the ________ individuals are concerned not only with the absolute amount of reward they receive for their efforts but also with the relationship of this amount to what others receive.

A)equity theory of motivation
B)hierarchy of needs theory
C)hygiene theory
D)expectancy theory of motivation
E)reinforcement theory of motivation

Question 23

A supervisor concerned with motivating employees would ________.

A)recognize that all employees are the same
B)set easily achieved goals
C)compel employees to participate in decision making
D)match people to jobs
E)overlook money as a motivator

Question 24

According to expectancy theory,employees will be motivated to exert a high level of effort when they believe that effort will lead to ________.

A)new job opportunities
B)less responsibility
C)a good performance appraisal
D)the recognition of co-workers
E)respect from the supervisor

Question 25

When a job situation is predominant with personal responsibility,feedback,and an intermediate degree of risk,high achievers will be strongly motivated.

Question 26

A competency based compensation program pays and rewards employees on the basis of ________.

A)work behaviors
B)skills,knowledge,and behaviors
C)personal skills and aptitudes
D)job knowledge
E)education and training

Question 27

In developed countries approximately 50 percent of the work force is made up of high achievers.

Question 28

People with a need for achievement exhibit the tendency to ________.

A)take unnecessary risks
B)support the efforts of team members
C)share responsibility for problem solving
D)set moderately challenging goals
E)look for very easy tasks

Question 29

According to expectancy theory,employees will be motivated to exert a high level of effort when they believe that rewards received will ________.

A)be extra vacation days
B)be a higher salary
C)satisfy their personal goals
D)lead to promotion
E)foster respect of co-workers

Question 30

Employees can be trained to stimulate their achievement need by having them ________.

A)work in problem solving groups
B)mentoring other employees
C)working alone in challenging situations
D)engaging in group therapy
E)write stories emphasizing achievement

Question 31

Maximize the impact of reward contingencies by increasing the ________ of rewards.

A)frequency
B)visibility
C)amount
D)complexity
E)simplicity

Question 32

The ________ theory argues that individuals analyze three relationships: effort-performance,performance-rewards,and rewards-personal goals.

A)hygiene
B)expectancy
C)hierarchy of needs
D)reinforcement
E)equity

Question 33

Allowing employees to participate in decisions that affect them will increase their level of ________.

A)self-awareness
B)comprehension
C)motivation
D)collusion
E)cooperation

Question 34

One trap many supervisors of minimum wage employees fall into is thinking that employees are motivated only by ________.

A)praise
B)money
C)good work conditions
D)personal aspirations
E)team recognition

Question 35

High achievers have all of the following personality traits EXCEPT ________.

A)desire for personal responsibility
B)desire to succeed by chance
C)desire for rapid and unambiguous feedback
D)desire to avoid very easy or very difficult tasks
E)desire to do things better

Question 36

Equity theory states that employees perceive what they can get from a job situation in relation to what they put into it and then compare their ________.

A)input-outcome ratio to a standard ratio
B)lower-order needs to higher-order needs
C)input-outcome ratio to the input-outcome ratio of others
D)self-monitoring relationship with others
E)contributions in order to experience self-actualization

Question 37

High achievers prefer job situations with ________.

A)no authority or delegation
B)personal responsibility and feedback
C)teaching and thinking opportunities
D)lots of communication
E)no responsibility or feedback

Question 38

Intrinsically motivated people have a compelling drive to succeed,but they are striving for ________ rather than the rewards of success.

A)recognition
B)acknowledgment
C)respect
D)appreciation
E)personal achievement

Question 39

In the expectancy theory,motivation is maximized when supervisors make rewards contingent upon ________.

A)manipulation of standards
B)group achievement
C)individual performance
D)authority relationships
E)cooperation within team

Question 40

The core dimensions of any job include which of the following?

A)skill level
B)task knowledge
C)autonomy
D)reliance
E)task dependence

Question 41

Pay-for-performance programs are compensation plans that pay employees on the basis of ________.

A)seniority
B)salary
C)commission
D)some performance measure
E)hourly rate

Question 42

Professional employees place a high value on job factors such as autonomy,personal growth,recognition,and challenging work.

Question 43

Today's progressive workplaces must accommodate the varied needs of a ________ workforce.

A)demanding
B)under-educated
C)well-educated
D)diverse
E)unskilled

Question 44

The degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people is task identity.

Question 45

Identify and explain the intent and logic behind pay-for-performance programs.

Question 46

Identify and explain the key characteristics that define a job.

Question 47

To maximize motivation among today's diversified workforce,supervisors need to think in terms of ________.

A)flexibility
B)group norms
C)personality traits
D)rigidity
E)complexity

Question 48

Task identity is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.

Question 49

Autonomy is the degree to which workers control the planning,execution,and evaluation of their work.

Question 50

Motivating a diverse workforce means that supervisors must be ________.

A)familiar with employee benefits
B)aware of cultural differences
C)knowledgeable about group norms
D)acquainted with corporate policies
E)willing to mentor