Deck 8: Acid-Base Imbalances

Question 1

What change occurs as a result of hypoventilation?
1)Partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases.
2)Lungs expel carbon dioxide.
3)Respiratory alkalosis occurs.
4)None of the above

Answer 1

1

Question 2

What is hypocapnea?
1)Low partial pressure of oxygen
2)Elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide
3)Diminished partial pressure of carbon dioxide
4)None of the above

Answer 2

3

Question 3

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with renal failure.Which mechanism of compensation for the acid-base disturbance does the nurse recognize in the client?
1)The client retains carbon dioxide in excess.
2)The client's oxygen saturation level improves.
3)The client's blood pH decreases from the present value.
4)The client breathes rapidly to eliminate carbon dioxide.

Answer 3

4

Question 4

An elderly client is demonstrating lethargy,confusion,and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute.The nurse sees that the last dose of medication administered through a client-controlled analgesic pump was within the last 30 minutes.Which acid-base disorder might the client have developed?
1)Metabolic acidosis
2)Metabolic alkalosis
3)Respiratory acidosis
4)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 5

What information can be interpreted from arterial blood gas values?
1)Acidosis and alkalosis
2)Respiratory and metabolic conditions
3)Disorder of the lungs
4)All of the above

Question 6

Which condition is associated with diminished levels of partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
1)Hypoxia
2)Hypoxemia
3)Hypocapnea
4)Hypercapnea

Question 7

Hyperventilation of the lungs increases
1)Blood pH.
2)Acid in the blood.
3)Carbon dioxide in the blood.
4)None of the above.

Question 8

Which is a normal blood pH?
1)7)00
2)7)20
3)7)35
4)None of the above

Question 9

A comatose client's blood pH is 7.1,partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 16 mm Hg,and bicarbonate concentration is 5 mEq/L.Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?
1)Metabolic acidosis
2)Metabolic alkalosis
3)Respiratory acidosis
4)None of the above

Question 10

Which condition is developed due to metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap?
1)Ketoacidosis
2)Hypoaldosteronism
3)Hyperalimentation
4)None of the above

Question 11

Which is the compound that donates hydrogen ions in a solution?
1)Acid
2)Base
3)Buffer
4)None of the above

Question 12

Which arterial blood gas value is necessary to identify if a condition is compensated or uncompensated?
1)Blood pH
2)Blood bicarbonate
3)Oxygen saturation
4)Partial pressure of oxygen

Question 13

What is the normal range of bicarbonate concentration in the blood?
1)35-45 mEq/L
2)90-100 mEq/L
3)22-26 mEq/L
4)7)35-7.45 mEq/L

Question 14

An unconscious client is brought to the hospital.The client's arterial blood gases show a pH greater than 7.45 and a bicarbonate level of 36 mEq/L.Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?
1)Metabolic acidosis
2)Metabolic alkalosis
3)Respiratory acidosis
4)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 15

A nurse is analyzing an arterial blood gas report of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory acidosis.Which compensation mechanism is likely to occur?
1)The kidneys will retain bicarbonate.
2)The kidneys will excrete bicarbonate.
3)The lungs will retain carbon dioxide.
4)The lungs will excrete carbon dioxide.

Question 16

Which is an acidic pH of blood?
1)6)00
2)7)40
3)8)00
4)8)35

Question 17

Which is a physical assessment finding of respiratory acidosis?
1)Cyanosis
2)Tachycardia
3)Hypotension
4)Hypertension

Question 18

Which condition is caused by an increase in the amount of potassium in the blood?
1)Hypocapnea
2)Hypotension
3)Hyperkalemia
4)Hypercalcemia

Question 19

A nurse is caring for a client who is anxious and dizzy following a traumatic experience.The arterial blood gas findings include a pH level of 7.48,partial pressure of oxygen at 110,partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25,and bicarbonate at 2D.Which initial intervention does the nurse implement?
1)Administer antidepressants.
2)Administer oxygen through a mask.
3)Encourage the client to breathe into a paper bag.
4)Administer sodium bicarbonate intravenously.

Question 20

A client who is taking his board exams is nervous and breathing heavily in the examination hall.Which acid-base imbalance has the client developed?
1)Metabolic acidosis
2)Metabolic alkalosis
3)Respiratory acidosis
4)Respiratory alkalosis