Question 1

Which substance produced by the stomach is missing in the client who had partial removal of the stomach,leading to pernicious anemia?&#10;A) Gastrin&#10;B) Hydrochloric acid&#10;C) Protective mucus&#10;D) Intrinsic factor&#10;

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic factor is a substance produced by the parietal cells of the stomach and is required for the absorption of vitamin B12. Partial removal of the stomach can lead to a deficiency in intrinsic factor, which in turn can lead to pernicious anemia.

Question 2

The client who has difficulty swallowing is most likely to have which of the following disorders if the esophagus is responsible for this symptom?&#10;A) Reflux esophagitis&#10;B) Hiatal hernia&#10;C) Achalasia&#10;D) Duodenal ulcer&#10;

Accepted Answer

Achalasia is a disorder of the esophagus where the muscles that normally move food down the esophagus do not work properly, causing difficulty swallowing. Reflux esophagitis and hiatal hernia may cause symptoms such as heartburn, but not necessarily difficulty swallowing. A duodenal ulcer is located in the first part of the small intestine and would not directly affect the esophagus.

Question 3

Which of the following assessment findings would not be characteristic of acute gastritis?&#10;A) Gastrointestinal hemorrhage&#10;B) Shoulder pain&#10;C) Nausea&#10;D) Abdominal tenderness&#10;

Accepted Answer

Shoulder pain is not characteristic of acute gastritis. Acute gastritis typically presents with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, abdominal tenderness, and possibly gastrointestinal hemorrhage, but not referred pain to the shoulder.

Question 4

Reflux esophagitis is a result of&#10;A) an overactive sphincter muscle that causes rapid digestion.&#10;B) the ingestion of irritants by mouth.&#10;C) the gastric contents flowing back into the esophagus.&#10;D) dysphagia and inadequate hydration.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Reflux esophagitis is caused by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, leading to inflammation and damage to the esophageal lining. This can be caused by a weakened or malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle, which normally prevents stomach contents from entering the esophagus.

Question 5

The external innervation of the gastrointestinal system is mediated by which of the following nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system?&#10;A) Splanchnic&#10;B) Vagus&#10;C) Mesenteric&#10;D) Spinal&#10;

Accepted Answer

The vagus nerve is the main nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system that innervates the gastrointestinal system, controlling processes such as secretion and motility. The splanchnic nerve is part of the sympathetic nervous system and can also play a role in gastrointestinal innervation, but it is not part of the parasympathetic system. The mesenteric nerve is not a specific nerve of either the parasympathetic or sympathetic system, but rather a general term for nerves that innervate the mesentery. The spinal nerve is not part of the parasympathetic nervous system and does not directly innervate the gastrointestinal system.

Question 6

Drugs that commonly have an adverse effect on the mouth would include those belonging to which of the following groups?&#10;A) Antacids&#10;B) Cancer chemotherapy agents&#10;C) Bronchodilators&#10;D) Antidiabetic agents&#10;

Accepted Answer

Cancer chemotherapy agents commonly have adverse effects on the mouth, such as mucositis, dry mouth, and taste changes. Antacids, bronchodilators, and antidiabetic agents do not typically have significant adverse effects on the mouth.

Question 7

A client who is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer most likely has which organism causing the symptoms?&#10;A) Helicobacter pylori&#10;B) Hemophilus influenza type B&#10;C) Clostridium perfringens&#10;D) Streptococcus&#10;

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori is a common cause of duodenal ulcers. None of the other answer choices are associated with the development of duodenal ulcers.

Question 8

A client has been diagnosed with acute gastritis.After conducting a health history,the nurse explains to the client that the only substance taken by the client in the last 48 hours that would not contribute to the current problem is

A) ibuprofen (Motrin).
B) acetaminophen (Tylenol).
C) acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
D) alcohol.

Accepted Answer

Ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), and alcohol can all contribute to gastritis or exacerbate the condition. Acetaminophen, on the other hand, is not known to cause gastritis or worsen the condition.

Question 9

The nurse considers that which of the following disorders of the larynx is most serious based on the type of drug therapy needed to manage it?&#10;A) Sinusitis&#10;B) Hay fever&#10;C) Common cold&#10;D) Strep throat&#10;

Accepted Answer

Strep throat is the most serious disorder of the larynx in this list, as it requires antibiotic therapy to manage the bacterial infection. Sinusitis, hay fever, and the common cold are typically managed with symptom relief and over-the-counter medication, rather than antibiotics.

Question 10

The nurse caring for a client with cholecystitis understands that this client may have impaired ability to do which of the following because of the disorder?&#10;A) Digest protein&#10;B) Produce clotting factors&#10;C) Synthesize fats&#10;D) Concentrate and store bile&#10;

Accepted Answer

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, which can impair its ability to store and concentrate bile. Bile is needed for the digestion and absorption of fats. Impaired bile storage and concentration can lead to difficulty digesting and absorbing fats, resulting in symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. Cholecystitis does not typically affect the client's ability to digest protein or produce clotting factors.

Question 11

The nurse recalls that a client with which of the following disorders has an abnormality of the small intestine?&#10;A) Malabsorption syndrome&#10;B) Irritable bowel syndrome&#10;C) Diverticular disease&#10;D) Ulcerative colitis&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse recalls that a client with...

Question 12

The nurse would have the greatest degree of concern about medication management if the client had which of the following health problems?&#10;A) Cirrhosis of the liver&#10;B) Cholecystitis&#10;C) Pancreatitis&#10;D) Small bowel obstruction&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse would have the greatest degree...

Question 13

The nurse planning medication administration in relation to meals recalls that the usual gastric emptying time is how long?&#10;A) 30 to 60 minutes&#10;B) 1 to 2 hours&#10;C) 2 to 6 hours&#10;D) 4 to 8 hours&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse planning medication administration in relation...

Question 14

Which of the following pancreatic diseases,which is most obvious in its presentation,should be readily recognized by the nurse?&#10;A) Pancreatitis&#10;B) Diabetes mellitus&#10;C) Pancreatic tumor&#10;D) Pancreatic abscess&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following pancreatic diseases,which is...

Question 15

Which type of ulcer occurs more frequently in younger people?&#10;A) Peptic ulcer&#10;B) Duodenal ulcer&#10;C) Hiatal ulcer&#10;D) Gastric ulcer&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of ulcer occurs more frequently...

Deck 39: Overview of the Gastrointestinal Tract