Question 1

Blood types refer to differences in which of the following?&#10;A) Antibodies located on erythrocytes&#10;B) Antigens located on red blood cell membranes&#10;C) Allergens located on leukocytes&#10;D) Amino acids located on thrombocytes&#10;

Accepted Answer

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens are known as A and B antigens, and people can have either one of both, or neither. The different combinations of A and B antigens determine someone's blood type (A, B, AB, or O). The presence or absence of the Rh factor, another antigen on red blood cells, determines whether someone is Rh-positive or Rh-negative.

Question 2

The nurse would become especially concerned about the risk of bleeding when a client's platelet count drops below which of the following standard critical values?&#10;A) 10,000 per cubic milliliter&#10;B) 25,000 per cubic milliliter&#10;C) 50,000 per cubic milliliter&#10;D) 100,000 per cubic milliliter&#10;

Accepted Answer

A platelet count below 50,000 per cubic milliliter is considered critically low and increases the risk of spontaneous bleeding, making it a significant concern for healthcare providers.

Question 3

Which of the following would not be considered a risk factor for the development of blood vessel thrombosis?&#10;A) Local trauma&#10;B) Venous stasis&#10;C) Fluid overload&#10;D) Increased blood coagulability&#10;

Accepted Answer

Fluid overload does not increase the risk of blood vessel thrombosis. Local trauma, venous stasis, and increased blood coagulability are all established risk factors for thrombosis.

Question 4

After injury to a blood vessel,what is the first reflexive step in establishing hemostasis?&#10;A) Bleeding&#10;B) Blood vessel vasoconstriction&#10;C) Platelet plug formation&#10;D) Coagulation&#10;

Accepted Answer

After injury to a blood vessel, the first reflexive step in establishing hemostasis is blood vessel vasoconstriction to reduce blood flow to the damaged area. This is followed by platelet plug formation and then coagulation to create a fibrin clot to seal the wound. Bleeding is not a step in hemostasis, but a symptom of a disrupted hemostatic process. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 5

Which of the following substances is helpful in achieving a platelet plug at the site of injury to a blood vessel?&#10;A) Fibrinogen&#10;B) Fibrin&#10;C) Thromboxane A2&#10;D) Hemoglobin&#10;

Accepted Answer

Thromboxane A2 is a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregator that is secreted by activated platelets. Thromboxane A2 helps in achieving a platelet plug at the site of injury to a blood vessel. Fibrinogen is important in the clotting cascade but does not directly contribute to platelet plug formation. Fibrin is the end product of clotting cascade and helps stabilize the clot. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, it does not play a role in platelet plug formation.

Question 6

The nurse anticipates that a client who has a deficiency in which of the following minerals is likely to be at risk for developing anemia?&#10;A) Iron&#10;B) Copper&#10;C) Zinc&#10;D) Magnesium&#10;

Accepted Answer

Iron is an essential component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A deficiency in iron can lead to anemia. Copper is important for the formation of red blood cells, but a deficiency in copper does not directly cause anemia. Zinc and magnesium are important minerals for overall health, but deficiencies in these minerals do not typically lead to anemia.

Question 7

What symptom is seen in clients with a low quantity of platelets?&#10;A) Dark brown pigmentation&#10;B) Yellow sclera&#10;C) Small purple spots on the skin&#10;D) Large areas of white patches on the skin&#10;

Accepted Answer

Small purple spots on the skin, known as petechiae, are a common symptom of clients with low platelet counts, also called thrombocytopenia. This is because platelets are responsible for blood clotting, and a low quantity can result in easy bruising and bleeding. Dark brown pigmentation (A) and large areas of white patches (D) are not typically associated with thrombocytopenia, while yellow sclera (B) is a symptom of jaundice, which is not directly related to platelet quantity.

Question 8

Anemia is generally diagnosed when the hemoglobin level drops below&#10;A) 10 g/dL.&#10;B) 12 g/dL.&#10;C) 17 g/dL.&#10;D) 21 g/dL.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Anemia is generally diagnosed when the hemoglobin level drops below 10 g/dL.

Question 9

A nurse overhears a physician state that a client with cancer receiving chemotherapy is leukopenic.The nurse interprets that the client's leukocyte count must be less than which of the following values?

A) 3000 per cubic milliliter
B) 5000 per cubic milliliter
C) 9000 per cubic milliliter
D) 10,000 per cubic milliliter

Accepted Answer

Leukopenia refers to a decrease in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the bloodstream. The normal range for leukocytes is typically between 4,000 and 11,000 per cubic milliliter. A leukocyte count less than 5,000 per cubic milliliter is generally considered leukopenic. Therefore, choice B (5,000 per cubic milliliter) is the correct answer.

Question 10

After a blood vessel has been injured,hemostasis is usually achieved by&#10;A) vessel dilatation.&#10;B) neutrophilic influx.&#10;C) platelet plugs.&#10;D) vascular relaxation.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Platelet plugs are formed when platelets adhere to the exposed collagen fibers of the damaged blood vessel wall, become activated, and aggregate to form a temporary plug that stops the bleeding. This is the primary mechanism for achieving hemostasis after a blood vessel injury. Vessel dilatation (A) and vascular relaxation (D) would not contribute to hemostasis, and neutrophilic influx (B) is part of the inflammatory response and would occur after hemostasis is achieved.

Question 11

Of the normal 5000-mL volume of blood in the body,the plasma composition is approximately&#10;A) 1000 mL.&#10;B) 3000 mL.&#10;C) 4000 mL.&#10;D) 4500 mL.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the normal 5000-mL volume of blood...

Question 12

The nurse caring for a client with anemia understands that the body will stimulate red blood cell production through secretion of erythropoietin in the presence of which of the following conditions in the body?

A) Low blood pressure
B) Increased heart rate
C) Decreased urine volume
D) Tissue hypoxia

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse caring for a client with...

Question 13

The nurse understands that which of the following is a potential physiologic effect on an Rh-positive fetus from having an Rh-negative mother?&#10;A) Jaundice&#10;B) Low birth weight&#10;C) Umbilical cord abnormalities&#10;D) Cardiac abnormalities&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse understands that which of the...

Question 14

In the intrinsic clotting pathway,what vitamin is necessary to achieve adequate clotting?&#10;A) Vitamin A&#10;B) Vitamin D&#10;C) Vitamin E&#10;D) Vitamin K&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the intrinsic clotting pathway,what vitamin is...

Question 15

The nurse concludes that a client's white blood cell count is within normal limits if the values falls within which of the following ranges?&#10;A) 1000 to 3000 per cubic milliliter&#10;B) 3000 to 5000 per cubic milliliter&#10;C) 5000 to 9000 per cubic milliliter&#10;D) 10,000 to 15,000 per cubic milliliter&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse concludes that a client's white...

Question 16

A client with type A blood requires a transfusion of packed red blood cells.The nurse understands that this client could receive a unit of blood of which of the following types?&#10;A) A only&#10;B) O only&#10;C) A and O&#10;D) A and B&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client with type A blood requires...

Deck 29: Overview of the Blood